In the section we are going to go into the wide area network
whether your network is network infrastructure that provides access to other networks over a wide geographical
area.
This is the key point guys weapons are topically managed by ISP or Internet service providers.
They interconnect different local networks or what geographical areas such as between cities states
provinces countries or contents ones are usually administrated by multiple service providers.
Let's go ahead with the topologist types that we use in the way they're in works.
Three Come on physical whether we network topologies are point to point hub and spoke and the full mash
lets go and with the point the point for us Point to Point is the simplest topology which consists of
a permanent link between two endpoints.
For this reason this is a very popular why do in network topology as you can see in here we just have
two nodes Harmons spore.
This guy is a wider network version of the star topology in which our central site Intercon X Brian
sites using point to point links.
As you can see here we have a hub in the center and we have sporks on the other ants and we have the
mesh topology in here as you can see mesh topology prove its high A-Whale booty but requires that every
system be interconnected to every other system as you can see in the figure and therefore the Elmina's
through to you and the physical costs can be significant.
Each link is essentially as point to point link to the other note where relations of this topology include
a partial Nashe where some but not all of and the Wise's are interconnected.
Let's go ahead with packet switched and this circuit switch turns packet switching and circuit switching
are two working methods for transferring data between two nodes or hosts.
Is circuit switching the network dedicated channel has to be established before the call is made between
uses the channel is reserved between the users till the connection is active for the next communication.
What channel is allocated.
And for duplex communication two channels are located.
It is mainly used for voice communication requiring realtime services without any much delay as shown
in the figure.
As you can see here if User A wants to use the network it meant it needs to first ask for the request
to obtain one and then User A can communicate with user C during the action phase.
If user B tries to communicate with the User ID or any other user it will get Buza signal from the network.
Let's go ahead with the packet switching now in packet switching network like circuit switch network.
It is not required to establish the connection initially.
The connection is available to use by many years but when capacity or number of users increase then
it will lead the conversation in the network packet switch networks are mainly used for better and worse
applications requiring no real time scenarios.
And as you can see in here if user again once the sent data into information to users see and at the
same time if User B wants to communicate with the user they it is simultaneously possible in here guys
here information is padded with header which contains addresses of source and the destination.
This header is sniffed by intermediate switching not to the regular route and the destination let's
go ahead with the one technology is the first thing we're going to focus on is the least line technology
list line is private's be directional or symmetric telecommunications line between two or more locations.
Is this technology is used for telephone data or internet services and prove it's high quality and availability.
It is also a dedicated and expensive technology but it is not so popular anymore in today's networks.
For example if you want to provide communication between my interface and the Amsterdam office you can
use two others and the CSU DSU the wages which are the TDM modems.
Most of the times and you to connect these two locations using the ISP circuits Dial-Up is a form of
internet access that uses the festivities of the public switched telephone network PSTN to establish
a connection to an Internet service provider or by dialing a telephone number or a conventional telephone
line the user's computer or rather uses an attached modem to encode and decode information into and
from or to you for or against the SEALs respectively as Dial-Up can provide only 56 kilo bits per second
man made.
It is about the die today guys.
ISDN integrated services digital network is as set of communication standards for simultaneous digital
transmission of Voice Media data and other network services over the three day old circuits of the public
switched telephone network p s d n prior to ISDN telephone system was referred to as a way to transport
voice with some special services available for their to.
The key feature of ISDN is that it integrates speech and they are on the same lines.
Adding features that were not available in the classical telephone systems let's go ahead with the 80
am I synchronous transfer mode.
Atheism is a telecommunications standards for carriage of a complete range of user traffic including
was there and the video signals as well.
A team differs from more common tolling technologies like Internet in several ways.
Guys for one am uses zero riding instead of using software dedicated hardware Dubois's is known as a
can switch establish point to point connection between end points and then flows directly from source
to the destination.
Additionally instead of using variable length packets like Internet and the Internet protocol that's
a term utilizers fixed sized cells to encode data this 20:00 cells are 53 bytes in length that includes
forty eight bytes of data and five bits bytes of header information as you can see in here others are
connected connector wire 18 switch on ISP backbone for the AGM technology and that's a really legacy
one technology too and it is about to die.
Then let's go ahead with the MPAA as multiple local label switching is a type of caring technique for
high performance communications networks and Pillas directs data from one network not to the next.
Based on short pep labels rather down long work addresses and words in complex lookups inheriting table
labels identify virtual links between these two nodes rather than the end points and Pillas can also
Anke up select packets of various networked protocols.
Hence its name is multi-port local MP supports a range of access technologies including t wan Iwan HCM
frame relay and the D.S. L.
So today more in most of Weidner works so communication operators are using the people as technology
guys and that's the today's technology as you see here we are again to others and to provide communication
with between to others.
We have an edge DeWyze which is known as customer Exoo age and we are providing communication between
these two ants by using the Ampere switch this time which is used on the ISP backbone.
And lastly we're going to focus on the reset reset.
It is a two way satellite ground station with a dish antenna that is smaller than three meters and provides
a private wide range of work wire.
Satellite systems and as you can see in the year we are again two locations and we have two antennas
as you can see here and there is a satellite proves the communication between two ants.