WEBVTT 00:01.180 --> 00:09.250 Help everybody and thank you for joining me today as we delve into a rather general reading strategy 00:09.310 --> 00:14.800 strategy video and today we're going to be looking at the headings question. 00:14.800 --> 00:19.430 Many students have requested to have more videos on their headings. 00:19.430 --> 00:28.000 QUESTION The headings question is actually not complicated in terms of strategy is not complicated. 00:28.000 --> 00:32.350 The strategy for the headings question is actually really really straightforward. 00:32.380 --> 00:39.030 The difficulty for most students is that they have trouble applying it because the headings question 00:39.040 --> 00:46.000 here is one of the few questions that actually requires you to understand what's being said in the entire 00:46.000 --> 00:46.990 sentence. 00:47.260 --> 00:53.530 You have to be able to understand what is the controlling idea and make an idea of that paragraph and 00:53.530 --> 00:57.500 so that requires a deeper level level of understanding. 00:57.550 --> 01:04.750 And so sometimes students who actually have students who actually have a little bit of trouble with 01:04.750 --> 01:12.820 this question are normally students who have a lower level of English because it is kind of a challenge 01:13.180 --> 01:20.030 to be able to process the topic sentences in a paragraph and then get the meaning of it. 01:20.050 --> 01:26.980 So let's take a look at the strategy first and then we're going to go into this particular book. 01:26.980 --> 01:34.230 This particular passage this passage is from Book Number 12 from Book Number 12. 01:34.390 --> 01:38.440 So let's go ahead and get started with this with this one here. 01:38.440 --> 01:40.540 First is look at the strategy. 01:41.380 --> 01:42.310 All right. 01:42.820 --> 01:44.790 This is our strategy page. 01:44.830 --> 01:49.020 As you know where all of the reading strategies are summarized 01:51.460 --> 01:55.510 and our headings question is on the second page the second page. 01:55.780 --> 02:01.090 If I didn't say this earlier in the earlier videos the second pages were where none of these questions 02:01.090 --> 02:01.820 go in order. 02:01.840 --> 02:04.570 The first page is all the questions go in order. 02:05.190 --> 02:10.240 And that's very important to understand when it comes to the child's exam is which questions go in order 02:10.250 --> 02:12.510 which questions don't go in order. 02:12.520 --> 02:18.970 So for headings question the first thing I suggest you do is quickly scan through the headings and underline 02:18.970 --> 02:21.310 the keywords in the answer choices. 02:21.310 --> 02:24.620 I think this really helpful gives you two things happen. 02:24.850 --> 02:30.580 Number one it gives you a quick assessment or understanding of what they're reading as it is going to 02:30.580 --> 02:31.250 be about. 02:31.360 --> 02:32.030 Right. 02:32.230 --> 02:34.110 Because these are all headaches. 02:34.110 --> 02:39.020 So if you move through the headings pretty quickly you get a general idea what you're about to read. 02:39.370 --> 02:43.580 All right then you want to do the shortest paragraphs first. 02:43.620 --> 02:49.150 If there is a way to tell the difference the terms of the size of the paragraphs and do the shortest 02:49.150 --> 02:58.660 ones first some some sections will have two paragraphs in one section and then what you want to do is 02:58.660 --> 03:00.730 go to the first paragraph. 03:00.780 --> 03:07.570 This for I guess the first shortest paragraph is a short one and I would say read the first and second 03:07.570 --> 03:08.870 sentence. 03:08.920 --> 03:14.020 Now no other people have suggested that you read the first and the last sentence. 03:14.290 --> 03:21.340 But honestly I really believe in reading the first two sentences because to really answer this question 03:21.370 --> 03:27.510 well all you have to do is get a really good understanding of what the paragraph is about. 03:27.670 --> 03:33.460 And the first sentence of any paragraph is a topic sentence and the topic sentence actually tells you 03:33.460 --> 03:37.510 what that paragraph was about it tells you what they want to discuss in that paragraph. 03:37.840 --> 03:42.050 And nothing nothing else in that paragraph. 03:42.400 --> 03:48.480 Nothing else in that paragraph can deviate from what is the controlling idea and the topic sentence. 03:48.520 --> 03:53.130 So if you understand that you can actually find the right answer. 03:53.680 --> 03:59.350 And I say the first and the second sentence because sometimes the topic sentences can be a combination 03:59.350 --> 04:01.260 of the first two sentences. 04:01.270 --> 04:01.790 All right. 04:02.080 --> 04:08.980 Now if you read the first two sentences and then look at the headings choices and you can't find a choice 04:09.480 --> 04:13.830 that you really like then maybe you can go ahead and read the last sentence also. 04:14.230 --> 04:19.960 But sometimes I'm not a big fan of reading the last sentence because the last sentence is not really 04:19.960 --> 04:23.750 a concluding sentence for a lot of these paragraphs. 04:23.890 --> 04:29.080 It's not a traditional concluding sentence where a concluding sentence actually summarizes what the 04:29.080 --> 04:31.640 paragraph was about or what was talked about in the paragraph. 04:31.870 --> 04:37.360 They normally don't have really true concluding sentences but sometimes reading the last sentence can 04:37.360 --> 04:40.460 give you a also a better understanding. 04:40.540 --> 04:45.100 But when you see me working through it you're going to see me working through it using the first two 04:45.100 --> 04:50.740 sentences so I can get the main idea what they're talking about and then find the heading that captures 04:50.740 --> 04:53.510 that main idea. 04:53.950 --> 05:00.520 And then like I said if that doesn't work they read the last sentence but that's the key to this question. 05:00.690 --> 05:03.840 Being able to pull out the controlling idea from the topic sentence. 05:03.870 --> 05:05.620 That's the key. 05:05.670 --> 05:06.120 OK. 05:06.150 --> 05:07.580 That's the real key. 05:07.650 --> 05:12.840 And when we're talking about this one. 05:13.470 --> 05:13.770 OK. 05:13.770 --> 05:15.540 We're talking about this headings question right here. 05:15.550 --> 05:16.490 I guess I should highlight. 05:16.500 --> 05:21.750 I've been doing it with the other videos but this is the one that we're talking about in terms of the 05:21.750 --> 05:22.680 headings question. 05:24.810 --> 05:25.580 OK. 05:25.620 --> 05:25.850 All right. 05:25.860 --> 05:30.000 So let's go ahead and get started. 05:30.520 --> 05:32.830 When we look at this one here let's go Dale 05:35.650 --> 05:40.420 and we dealing with our list of headings right here. 05:40.420 --> 05:40.690 All right. 05:40.690 --> 05:44.790 Now when I look at my when I look quickly look at my key words. 05:44.790 --> 05:45.150 Right. 05:45.160 --> 05:54.860 And the first one why a ferry crossing is difficult. 05:54.880 --> 06:00.220 Second one is really easy in terms of understand building a bridge. 06:00.670 --> 06:04.830 First one was talking about advantage of the design. 06:04.830 --> 06:10.830 Fourth one is talking about the popularity of the bridge. 06:10.990 --> 06:15.500 The next one is talking about opposition to the bridge. 06:18.280 --> 06:19.340 Right. 06:19.450 --> 06:20.710 Excuse me. 06:20.710 --> 06:26.350 And then we're talking about the sixth one benefits and disadvantages. 06:26.350 --> 06:41.350 And then we're talking about proposed alternatives to the firy and how bridge has contributed to the 06:41.350 --> 06:49.300 growth and a rising demand for rising demand for transport. 06:49.380 --> 06:52.860 Right so I'd like to look at what we're talking about first. 06:53.230 --> 06:58.270 And the reason why is is good for me just to you know now I have now I have an understanding of what 06:58.270 --> 07:05.020 I'm about to read about I'm about to read reading passages talking about ferries and bridges and the 07:05.020 --> 07:10.300 advantages of building a bridge or how they felt about the bridge the advantages of the bridge alternatives 07:10.300 --> 07:15.300 of firies and bridges so I have a good understanding of what I'm about to read about. 07:15.520 --> 07:21.010 And now my job is to go look at those topics sentences and get the meaning and pull out what I'm looking 07:21.010 --> 07:22.280 for. 07:22.280 --> 07:28.910 All right so let's go ahead and look at the to look and look at if we have a really short ones here. 07:31.270 --> 07:35.410 Math is pretty short. 07:38.200 --> 07:43.890 The C. A. 07:44.570 --> 07:52.330 So like B is a long one C B is a two paragraph one I will probably come back to that one. 07:53.150 --> 07:56.660 You know so it doesn't matter where you start. 07:56.750 --> 08:06.980 I'm going to start with F and I would probably look at this first two sentences right and try to have 08:06.980 --> 08:08.860 a look at these first two sentences. 08:08.900 --> 08:10.130 One moment. 08:10.840 --> 08:11.310 OK. 08:11.330 --> 08:12.040 Sorry about that. 08:12.050 --> 08:15.130 I had to step away for a second just for one second. 08:15.420 --> 08:16.080 OK. 08:16.220 --> 08:21.860 So when we look at these first two sentences here Malcolm Stockwell the bridge master recalls that when 08:21.860 --> 08:26.330 the bridge first opened there wasn't a great deal of interest in it. 08:26.450 --> 08:29.880 So I'm only actually going to look at that first sentence right. 08:29.900 --> 08:31.100 I'm looking at that first sentence. 08:31.100 --> 08:34.610 I want to point something out to you when we look at this first sentence. 08:34.790 --> 08:39.650 What is this first sentence about when you look at a little bit differently look at this first sentence 08:40.400 --> 08:41.360 the first sentence. 08:41.360 --> 08:46.250 What is the controlling idea of this paragraph right. 08:46.250 --> 08:48.530 What does this paragraph want to talk about. 08:48.900 --> 08:49.520 OK. 08:49.760 --> 08:54.800 This paragraph is going to talk about what this paragraph is going to talk about that there was a great 08:54.860 --> 08:58.490 interest in the bridge right. 08:58.490 --> 09:02.250 That's what this paragraph was going to talk about when it opened. 09:02.300 --> 09:05.040 There was a great interest in the bridge. 09:05.390 --> 09:05.920 Right. 09:05.930 --> 09:13.230 So that's what this whole paragraph is talking about interest interest in the bridge. 09:13.430 --> 09:14.370 Right. 09:14.420 --> 09:17.910 And then we read them and then we read the next sentence and it says. 09:17.930 --> 09:21.250 Then children started listening. 09:21.770 --> 09:22.610 Right. 09:22.730 --> 09:25.010 And so we're talking about a change. 09:25.100 --> 09:29.240 First sentence is when the bridge first opened there wasn't really a great deal of interest. 09:29.360 --> 09:32.530 The next sentence is V and that means a change. 09:32.840 --> 09:33.190 Right. 09:33.200 --> 09:35.320 A change from when it first opened. 09:35.360 --> 09:35.600 Right. 09:35.600 --> 09:41.360 You're talking about the interest changed the interest change because the whole paragraph is about the 09:41.360 --> 09:51.530 interest right now go back look at your headings and which of these headings is talking something about 09:51.530 --> 09:54.680 people's interest. 09:54.680 --> 09:55.070 Right. 09:55.070 --> 10:00.020 There's only one answer here is talking about people's interest people having an interest the first 10:00.020 --> 10:03.560 pair to first sit and see is when the bridge open. 10:03.590 --> 10:05.580 There was a great deal of interest. 10:05.660 --> 10:11.450 Second sentence then children started visiting that second sentence is telling you things about the 10:11.450 --> 10:11.840 change. 10:11.850 --> 10:14.220 Vienne children started coming. 10:14.660 --> 10:20.090 So we're talking about the interest change in the interest the whole paragraph was about that the only 10:20.090 --> 10:22.410 answer there that can be is number four. 10:22.700 --> 10:29.450 The growing popularity of the bridge whenever you talk about people's interests first there not being 10:29.450 --> 10:33.470 a lot of interest then there is a lot of interest because of the children coming. 10:33.500 --> 10:39.720 We're talking about popularity popularity popularity popularity. 10:39.980 --> 10:41.540 All right. 10:41.750 --> 10:46.500 There's no other answer choices talking about interest. 10:46.520 --> 10:46.810 All right. 10:46.820 --> 10:55.790 So when we talk about this when we're talking about that was that paragraph was that there was paragraph 10:55.880 --> 11:01.410 f I mean paragraph f is going to be number four 11:06.120 --> 11:11.690 or S.F. Here's number four S.F. is number four. 11:13.520 --> 11:16.850 All right now let's move on. 11:17.240 --> 11:23.690 And I did that first one just to get it out the way because a short paragraph and I can move through 11:23.690 --> 11:25.610 it really quickly just try to move through it. 11:25.610 --> 11:27.230 That was good. 11:27.230 --> 11:34.760 Now let's move on and look at paragraph a and we're going to go to paragraph. 11:35.240 --> 11:39.530 And let's look at our first two sentences of Paragraph A 11:50.040 --> 11:54.060 right now for thousands of years. 11:54.090 --> 12:00.840 The Humber for thousands of years the Humber and estuary formed when the two major were where two major 12:00.840 --> 12:09.660 rivers the Trent and the willows I hope meet has been an obstacle to the communications along the east 12:09.690 --> 12:16.530 coast of England between the counties of Yorkshire and to the south Lincolnshire to the south. 12:16.770 --> 12:21.180 Before the arrival of the railways in the nineteenth century where transportation was most efficient 12:21.330 --> 12:27.420 means of moving heavy or both freight and the Humber situated at the waterway OK yes we don't read all 12:27.420 --> 12:29.020 that. 12:29.930 --> 12:38.550 We don't read all that because actually what you need to do is again let's make it simple let's make 12:38.550 --> 12:39.160 it simple. 12:39.210 --> 12:40.040 Keep it simple. 12:40.040 --> 12:43.000 Just look at the first sentence. 12:43.320 --> 12:45.460 Look at this first sentence. 12:45.900 --> 12:49.970 And in his first sentence just fill me in this first sentence. 12:50.190 --> 12:53.670 What is this first sentence about right. 12:53.790 --> 13:00.150 Look at it look at it and see if you can tell what is this first sentence about. 13:00.780 --> 13:04.360 All right what is this whole paragraph want to talk about. 13:05.490 --> 13:11.340 When you look at this first sentence basically what it's saying is for thousands of years there was 13:11.340 --> 13:13.940 this estuary and what happened. 13:14.130 --> 13:23.660 This as to where he has been what this estuary has been a obstacle to communications right. 13:23.680 --> 13:28.020 This estuary has been an obstacle to communications. 13:28.500 --> 13:36.240 That means this entire paragraph is going to talk about how it's been an obstacle right. 13:36.300 --> 13:43.050 What is the first sentence about what is a topic sentence about this whole what it details what the 13:43.050 --> 13:45.240 paragraph is going to talk about. 13:45.240 --> 13:47.120 That helps to know was the proper heading. 13:47.130 --> 13:48.000 You should have. 13:48.390 --> 13:54.260 So we're looking at and then we say OK it's been an obstacle to communications so we know we have to 13:54.260 --> 13:55.590 ever have an answer choices. 13:55.590 --> 13:57.670 Talking about obstacles. 13:58.220 --> 14:06.720 OK we know we have the answer choices talking about obstacles so let's look at our answer choices 14:14.100 --> 14:14.410 all right. 14:14.410 --> 14:22.650 Now we're talking about here we see the word difficult which can mean obstacle but we know from the 14:22.650 --> 14:24.890 topic sentence we're not talking about fairies. 14:24.930 --> 14:26.610 So that can't be our answer. 14:26.970 --> 14:30.980 This one number three is talking about bandages right. 14:30.990 --> 14:39.420 That can't be the answer because our answer choice has to have something synonym for disadvantage. 14:39.420 --> 14:39.840 All right. 14:39.840 --> 14:44.370 Number four is already gone can't be used twice as the more popular area that deals with interests people's 14:44.370 --> 14:45.520 interest. 14:45.970 --> 14:47.070 Here's our answer right here. 14:47.070 --> 14:50.610 Number six right here we see disadvantage.