WEBVTT 00:01.120 --> 00:01.940 OK everybody. 00:01.960 --> 00:09.580 So now we are going to move into Part Number three of the general later Lt-Gen that are well where our 00:09.580 --> 00:15.740 focus for you on the aspects of formal and informal language. 00:16.000 --> 00:22.780 This is something that a lot of students are not clear on in terms of writing the general letter and 00:22.770 --> 00:25.510 it actually makes a difference in your score. 00:25.510 --> 00:33.250 If it's a formal letter and you're using informal language your task response score is going to drop 00:34.390 --> 00:42.340 right you're not responding to the letter properly one or one of the things that you can really do to 00:42.340 --> 00:49.350 help your task response score is to make sure that your tone is correct. 00:49.420 --> 00:57.340 So on the next few slides that I go through I'm just going to be showing you some examples of formal 00:57.370 --> 01:03.000 and informal language and and so you could really understand that difference. 01:03.010 --> 01:08.710 Now some people write me and they ask me things like Can you give me the perfect formal language and 01:08.710 --> 01:12.670 a perfec informal language can be the perfect word to use. 01:12.740 --> 01:14.850 Look I can't do that. 01:14.950 --> 01:15.560 All right. 01:15.640 --> 01:21.050 It's not possible to give you the perfect language because a lot of times it depends on the question. 01:21.460 --> 01:27.190 The question is going to say which like what word do you use. 01:27.190 --> 01:27.790 Right. 01:28.030 --> 01:31.380 So there are no perfect words. 01:31.570 --> 01:37.740 There are some general words you use in terms of formal language and informal language. 01:37.840 --> 01:42.670 You definitely have to understand the difference between words that I consider formal and words that 01:42.670 --> 01:44.300 I consider informal. 01:44.590 --> 01:49.920 But there is no perfect list or perfect words you can use. 01:50.110 --> 01:58.600 But hopefully after you watch or listen and watch this lecture that I'm about to start you have a better 01:58.600 --> 02:04.090 understanding of formal and informal language and when and how to use it. 02:04.260 --> 02:04.650 OK. 02:04.690 --> 02:06.030 So let's get started. 02:09.130 --> 02:09.430 All right. 02:09.440 --> 02:12.340 So here are some key points. 02:12.660 --> 02:18.100 Now as you know if there if you want to read something on the screen more carefully. 02:18.380 --> 02:19.760 Just stop. 02:19.760 --> 02:21.230 Stop the video. 02:21.230 --> 02:24.420 Take notes and look at it right. 02:24.500 --> 02:27.080 Stop the video take notes write down. 02:27.080 --> 02:28.070 Do you know this. 02:28.070 --> 02:31.750 But sometimes people say well you're going through it too fast. 02:31.760 --> 02:35.940 Well I have a time limit on how long a video can be. 02:36.770 --> 02:43.790 But if you need to stop take notes just stop the video or listen again. 02:43.790 --> 02:52.140 So first thing formal language makes use of complex and compound structures like a sentence one sentence 02:52.160 --> 02:52.770 two. 02:53.090 --> 03:00.530 And you'll see the difference between the informal and the formal informal and 2001 the bridge was built 03:01.340 --> 03:08.900 that was good politically to countries united sentence to the bridge was completed in 2001 which resulted 03:08.960 --> 03:14.020 in a positive political move that United two countries as more formal. 03:14.090 --> 03:15.440 See the difference. 03:15.890 --> 03:26.990 One thing that I will say before I keep going forward is their task number two the long essay is a formal 03:27.080 --> 03:28.260 essay. 03:28.940 --> 03:32.730 It's a formal essay is not an informal essay. 03:33.350 --> 03:41.660 So really when you're doing task number two that's why I advise you to use compound in complex sentences 03:42.200 --> 03:49.430 and your conjunctive you know correlators and your conditional sentences and using all the different 03:49.430 --> 03:54.270 forms and higher forms of grammar and your adjective clauses. 03:54.590 --> 03:56.530 Because it's a formal essay. 03:56.600 --> 03:57.020 Right. 03:57.020 --> 04:03.560 So I mean I digress I'm sorry for going off about that but that's something important for you to understand 04:03.560 --> 04:05.990 has to do with a formal essay. 04:06.020 --> 04:08.330 Let's keep going. 04:08.330 --> 04:12.870 Be formal language does not use contractions. 04:12.870 --> 04:13.240 Right. 04:13.250 --> 04:22.640 Using a lot of contractions I'll you know those those kind of it's you know formal language is going 04:22.640 --> 04:23.750 to be I have. 04:23.750 --> 04:25.210 It is. 04:25.580 --> 04:25.980 All right. 04:26.000 --> 04:33.960 So that's something important to understand formal language is object if not like what you see with 04:33.960 --> 04:35.440 center is number five. 04:35.570 --> 04:41.040 I think I believe that the issue of global warming will be the primary concern at the meeting. 04:41.400 --> 04:41.930 Right. 04:42.110 --> 04:47.420 There is little doubt it is clear that the issue of global warming warming warming will be the primary 04:47.420 --> 04:49.040 concern at the meeting. 04:49.040 --> 04:51.650 Do you see the difference. 04:53.040 --> 04:53.680 Right. 04:53.700 --> 04:56.640 There's a difference between formal and informal. 04:56.640 --> 04:59.280 Now listen to what I just told you. 04:59.430 --> 05:02.790 Task number two is a formal essay. 05:02.910 --> 05:08.150 That's why I tell students all the time you know the students all the time in their thesis statements 05:08.160 --> 05:14.960 for their task number two they put it I think I believe and I always I like to cross it out because 05:14.960 --> 05:18.850 it's not an informal essay it's a formal essay. 05:19.080 --> 05:26.240 When you use words like I think and I believe in like task number two is weak is a weaker language is 05:26.250 --> 05:28.010 not formal. 05:28.010 --> 05:29.430 Right. 05:29.790 --> 05:38.520 The formal language is not used to look you know Khaliq Williams complications. 05:38.610 --> 05:42.270 It does not use any type of collocation at all. 05:43.260 --> 05:52.770 So when you're using that that type of informal language like here in a sentence number seven. 05:52.800 --> 05:59.260 Sweden's prime minister Fredrik Ryan feel totally flipped out when he read the latest report. 05:59.340 --> 06:01.400 Language totally flipped out. 06:01.770 --> 06:05.860 That's the collocation that is an informal language. 06:06.000 --> 06:10.040 You should not have that in a formal letter. 06:10.670 --> 06:16.070 Now I know some people are going to ask me Well what if it's semi-formal when is semi formal. 06:16.070 --> 06:19.830 I think you should stay towards the formal side. 06:20.650 --> 06:21.910 Right. 06:22.010 --> 06:27.540 With a semi formal letter instead of saying Dear Sir or Madam you know you're talking to those MIB your 06:27.560 --> 06:28.400 manager. 06:28.610 --> 06:30.710 So you might say Dear John. 06:30.780 --> 06:31.160 Right. 06:31.180 --> 06:40.070 So but you keep it mainly formal in a semi formal letter writing is semi formal does it say semi informal 06:42.110 --> 06:46.730 formal language focuses more on vocabulary choice that's important. 06:46.730 --> 06:47.490 Right. 06:47.900 --> 06:56.570 The type of vocabulary that you're using in formal language is higher level more complex right formal 06:56.580 --> 07:04.430 language makes use of discipline specific vocabulary sentence 11 germs grow well in dirty and warm water 07:04.430 --> 07:15.190 temperature temperatures cities 12 which is formal that ceria thrive in unhygenic you see that that's 07:15.230 --> 07:19.770 a specific word on I genic and warm conditions. 07:19.850 --> 07:26.100 So formal language makes use of discipline specific vocabulary. 07:26.420 --> 07:28.740 Remember that for your writing 07:31.580 --> 07:34.460 these are just a little bit of a little bit more. 07:34.520 --> 07:37.300 I'm going to go over some of the things that were not covered. 07:37.370 --> 07:45.230 Your informal letter uses the active voice with a formal letter the passive voice is ok informal letters 07:45.230 --> 07:48.200 you might use an exclamation mark for the formal letters. 07:48.200 --> 07:51.520 You're not going to use one. 07:51.830 --> 07:56.570 So if you want to look at these differences a little bit longer or stay on this page a little bit longer 07:56.570 --> 07:57.580 and study it. 07:57.680 --> 07:59.990 Stop the tape study it. 08:00.080 --> 08:01.500 Take notes if you want to. 08:01.680 --> 08:07.780 Ok some more difference in terms of language. 08:07.970 --> 08:16.370 If it's an informal letter you say help form letter assistance in a formal letter I think formal letter 08:16.430 --> 08:24.690 I suppose informal get a formal letter obtain if you're doing this. 08:24.820 --> 08:30.920 That's the difference in formal informal letters if you're writing test number two you should be on 08:30.920 --> 08:32.770 the formal side right. 08:32.840 --> 08:36.420 Formal language. 08:37.790 --> 08:42.200 Here's a little bit more in terms of language differences. 08:42.200 --> 08:44.090 I can give you a complete list. 08:44.090 --> 08:48.590 There are many different differences differences between informal and formal language. 08:48.590 --> 08:54.110 These are just examples and hopefully you can pull some of these examples out and add that into your 08:54.220 --> 09:01.490 language is really what I want you to have is a deeper understanding of the difference between an informal 09:01.490 --> 09:09.950 word choice or phrase any formal word choice or phrase that's what I want you to have a deeper understanding 09:09.980 --> 09:14.340 so that you can use the right language automatically. 09:14.480 --> 09:15.140 Really. 09:15.140 --> 09:16.560 Definitely. 09:16.880 --> 09:18.620 I'll pick you up at the airport. 09:18.620 --> 09:20.310 You'll be collected at the airport. 09:20.330 --> 09:22.450 You'll see that one right. 09:22.710 --> 09:24.970 So those are the differences. 09:25.020 --> 09:27.500 It'll be awesome if you come Friday. 09:27.560 --> 09:30.320 I highly recommend you come on Friday. 09:30.320 --> 09:30.530 All right. 09:30.530 --> 09:37.350 Those are differences in our formal and informal language. 09:37.450 --> 09:38.880 Here's some more differences. 09:38.890 --> 09:42.570 Again stop the tape if you want to kind of write this down. 09:42.820 --> 09:49.000 But I'm really trying to give you the idea of the difference between formal and informal language. 09:49.030 --> 09:59.790 Again if it's a semi-formal letter you you fall on the side of being formal. 09:59.790 --> 10:05.080 Now here are some differences between your opening language and your closing language right. 10:05.300 --> 10:09.170 That's for a letter like a lot of time students ask me how do I open. 10:09.180 --> 10:12.920 There are a lot of examples on there in terms of how to open. 10:12.950 --> 10:21.870 Remember it's about quality quality of your sentences quality not quantity quality. 10:21.870 --> 10:29.690 All right word choice I guess we'll hear some differences very quickly about the formal semi formal 10:29.750 --> 10:31.720 and informal look at the formal. 10:31.910 --> 10:36.850 This letter is a formal complaint regarding the unhealthy and deplorable state of the hotel suite that 10:36.860 --> 10:39.460 was provided at Hotel right. 10:39.560 --> 10:44.090 That's a good opening sentence for a formal letter. 10:44.600 --> 10:52.130 My life partner and I cordially invite you to a costume party at our home this coming Halloween semi-formal 10:52.700 --> 10:55.570 informal as I write this letter. 10:55.610 --> 11:02.840 My first thoughts are to your will be are you well I truly appreciate you allowing me to borrow your 11:02.840 --> 11:04.530 car last week. 11:04.530 --> 11:04.810 Right. 11:04.810 --> 11:06.830 That's more of an informal opening. 11:06.920 --> 11:08.090 You see the differences 11:12.600 --> 11:18.890 these are just some suggestions for formal letter openings. 11:20.000 --> 11:26.440 And actually you know what this is something actually no. 11:26.650 --> 11:33.020 Actually no I actually think we should change this here because really we should take out all the I 11:33.040 --> 11:35.330 am right. 11:35.380 --> 11:39.680 I want you to be strong in your in your formal letter opening so we're going actually we're going to 11:39.680 --> 11:42.500 change I'm going to recommend we change that. 11:42.530 --> 11:47.870 This is something that I used to teach before in terms of formal letter openings and you see this in 11:47.870 --> 11:54.770 a lot of different places about formal that are openings but I'm showing you this page because this 11:54.770 --> 11:57.670 is a page also that most of you have seen. 11:57.950 --> 12:02.120 This is the kind of language that you see most of the time in terms of your formal letter openings. 12:02.120 --> 12:05.620 I am I am I am I am right. 12:05.930 --> 12:14.780 It should be a of saying I am writing to inquire about it should be this letter will inquire about this 12:14.780 --> 12:17.570 letter is to request. 12:17.960 --> 12:21.030 This document will explain why. 12:21.030 --> 12:21.430 Right. 12:21.480 --> 12:25.100 That's that's that's the way I want you to write it. 12:25.130 --> 12:26.050 OK. 12:26.180 --> 12:27.330 I want you to change that. 12:27.350 --> 12:31.340 I am language too strong formal language. 12:31.450 --> 12:32.180 OK. 12:32.210 --> 12:34.000 Strong formal language 12:37.230 --> 12:45.480 now informal openings might be a lot more you know cozy and touchy feely that's more of your informal 12:45.480 --> 12:47.360 letter openings. 12:47.580 --> 12:50.700 These are three examples for examples that you can take a look at. 12:50.720 --> 12:56.810 But just stop the tape if you want to look at them a little bit deeper in terms of your informal letter 12:56.820 --> 12:57.570 openings 13:00.240 --> 13:01.460 OK. 13:01.800 --> 13:10.080 So remember in terms of the formal language openings and closings I want you to really work on taking 13:10.170 --> 13:13.210 out the I am language right. 13:13.470 --> 13:23.880 And do strong formal openings strong formal closings take out the I AM I think I believe formal letter 13:23.880 --> 13:25.670 should be objective. 13:25.940 --> 13:26.600 OK. 13:26.940 --> 13:28.360 That's what I want you to be. 13:28.500 --> 13:31.460 I want you to be objective. 13:31.590 --> 13:32.170 OK. 13:32.310 --> 13:39.300 And then that's what you're going for to have a strong formal letter informal letters are a lot softer 13:39.390 --> 13:41.460 a lot more friendly. 13:41.460 --> 13:47.330 OK formal letters are going to have much more professional language professional tone. 13:47.910 --> 13:49.120 OK. 13:49.260 --> 13:49.800 All right. 13:49.800 --> 13:52.710 So thanks a lot everybody. 13:52.770 --> 13:58.590 I hope you now have a deeper understanding of formal and informal letters. 13:58.620 --> 14:05.180 Also hope you have a deeper understanding of what I mean by taking out that I think I believe I am you 14:05.180 --> 14:12.990 know that kind of lane which out of a formal letter and putting in is very direct and very strong. 14:13.140 --> 14:17.010 This letter will enquire not I am writing to inquire. 14:17.160 --> 14:17.850 OK. 14:18.150 --> 14:19.710 So that does that change. 14:19.710 --> 14:24.180 I kind of want you to make in terms of your differences in terms of your your letters. 14:24.180 --> 14:25.020 Okay. 14:25.500 --> 14:26.350 All right. 14:26.490 --> 14:29.690 So thank you very much. 14:29.730 --> 14:36.150 This will include this will conclude Section 1 in terms of explaining the basics of the general letter 14:36.150 --> 14:39.510 and what you should or should not do in section 2. 14:39.510 --> 14:51.190 Over the next four lectures they are going to basically present to you examples of the application of 14:51.490 --> 14:55.950 the application of the theory as suggestions that I made. 14:56.050 --> 15:03.400 You're going to see a letter and see the outline and see the different parts so that you can really 15:03.490 --> 15:05.720 understand the strategy. 15:06.190 --> 15:12.620 It doesn't matter what kind of letter it is is the same five part strategy. 15:12.880 --> 15:18.570 The strategy doesn't change it doesn't alter it doesn't shift. 15:18.800 --> 15:19.390 OK. 15:19.420 --> 15:30.420 In terms of structure is outline intro part 1 part 2 Part 3 conclusion signature line. 15:30.780 --> 15:31.430 Okay. 15:31.780 --> 15:37.210 So I'll look forward to you joining me in the next few lectures and I'll talk to you soon.