WEBVTT 00:01.150 --> 00:08.730 OK so let's go ahead and go through an example of a headings question a brief review on the strategy 00:08.760 --> 00:11.110 for headings question. 00:11.580 --> 00:17.150 We're going to quickly read the possible answer choices underlining any key words that stand out. 00:17.320 --> 00:19.510 Then we will go to the shortest paragraph first. 00:19.590 --> 00:25.050 And really the first and last sentence are the first and second if you're a fast reader breaks through 00:25.140 --> 00:29.970 all three of those things go to the heading and she was the one that captures the same meaning. 00:30.120 --> 00:35.370 You basically just found in the topic sentence remember it's all about being able to find the great 00:35.400 --> 00:38.050 meaning the right meaning the right meaning. 00:38.320 --> 00:39.930 OK. 00:41.090 --> 00:48.480 Roomer we're going to go to the shortest paragraphs first and then we will go to the bigger paragraphs 00:48.480 --> 00:53.010 because the shorter paragraphs are probably going to be a little bit easier to manage than one that 00:53.010 --> 00:55.190 has many many many sentences. 00:55.200 --> 01:01.770 Also keep in mind that we will have done the headings question after we have already done the other 01:01.770 --> 01:03.270 question in the set. 01:03.270 --> 01:07.420 So other headings question has a matching any Yes. 01:07.430 --> 01:12.840 On that given question then we would go ahead and do those questions first and then move into the headings 01:12.840 --> 01:18.180 question because that's going to make it much much easier to manage because we would have seen the whole 01:18.180 --> 01:18.820 thing. 01:19.060 --> 01:25.130 Right so if you want to do this one with us this one is from the Cambridge fish show. 01:25.200 --> 01:32.010 It's a practice test test to reading passage number two if you want to do it along with us if you want 01:32.010 --> 01:39.600 to what you can do is you can stop the tape now and you can go and do it yourself and then you can come 01:39.600 --> 01:45.190 back and check your answers as we give the explanations for those answers so if you want to do that. 01:45.250 --> 01:48.550 If you want to do it that way you can that's a good way for you to practice. 01:48.560 --> 01:55.030 You can stop the tape try do it yourself and then and come back and listen to the explanation with this 01:55.040 --> 01:58.140 so you can know exactly how to do this question. 01:58.770 --> 02:00.950 All right so here are our headings here. 02:01.360 --> 02:02.010 Right. 02:02.240 --> 02:08.700 And like I said First we may just read through them very quickly tackling the issue using a different 02:08.700 --> 02:09.810 approach. 02:09.960 --> 02:16.020 A significant improvement on last time how robots can save human lives. 02:16.020 --> 02:20.970 Examples of robots at work not what it seemed to be why. 02:20.990 --> 02:24.260 Time scales are impossible to predict. 02:24.270 --> 02:32.130 The reason why robots rarely move following in the pattern of an earlier development and the ethical 02:32.130 --> 02:32.870 issues. 02:32.940 --> 02:36.670 OK so that's what we're dealing with there in terms of our heading. 02:36.720 --> 02:41.700 A good thing just to read through and very quickly familiarize yourself with them very quickly. 02:41.790 --> 02:46.710 Take a look at our paragraphs. 02:47.210 --> 02:51.400 We're a b c d e. 02:51.420 --> 02:57.710 So here when we look our paragraphs here it looks like a b c and d are almost around the same size. 02:57.720 --> 03:00.900 B's a little bit bigger but E and F are the bigger ones. 03:00.900 --> 03:04.730 So actually with this one we can go really in order. 03:04.740 --> 03:10.020 So let's start with our first paragraph and I'm going to go ahead look at the first sentence and the 03:10.020 --> 03:15.660 last sentence on on on these like I said you can look at the first and second or the first and last 03:15.660 --> 03:19.960 or all three depending on your reading speed. 03:20.370 --> 03:22.160 That's what you can actually do. 03:22.440 --> 03:27.930 But like I said the most important sentence is the first sentence with a topic sentence. 03:27.930 --> 03:33.720 If you're able to understand really understand the topic sentence you can always get the right answer 03:34.080 --> 03:38.570 because you just need to find the answer choice that matches meaning right. 03:38.640 --> 03:39.970 So it is like a choice a. 03:40.180 --> 03:44.500 It says at first sight it looked like a typical suburban road accident. 03:44.880 --> 03:46.510 So what does that sentence mean. 03:46.600 --> 03:46.920 Right. 03:46.920 --> 03:51.800 It says at first sight it looked like a typical suburban road accident. 03:51.990 --> 03:59.040 So that means decentest means when we first look at it right at first sight when we first look at it 03:59.910 --> 04:03.960 it looks like a typical suburban road accident last sentence. 04:03.960 --> 04:11.390 No one got out of the car for the simple reason that they had no human inside of them. 04:11.490 --> 04:20.400 The last hole and Land Rover were being controlled by computers competing in the November Dapra competition 04:20.510 --> 04:23.290 and our competition challenge right. 04:23.310 --> 04:30.270 So our first sentence tells us when we first look at it it looks like a typical suburban road accident 04:30.270 --> 04:31.150 at first sight. 04:31.190 --> 04:36.300 It looks like us when we first look at it that our last sentence tells us no one got other cars because 04:36.300 --> 04:37.980 they were driven by computers. 04:38.040 --> 04:38.860 Right. 04:38.910 --> 04:43.200 So we have to find something that matches that. 04:45.380 --> 04:49.840 All right tackling the issue with a different approach right now. 04:49.970 --> 04:56.240 Did they mention anything in that first sentence about a different approach or did you get the idea 04:56.240 --> 05:00.950 from there first and there we're talking about a different approach from the first sentence. 05:00.950 --> 05:06.380 You get the meaning that when we first looked at something is not the way it seems that's what we're 05:06.380 --> 05:07.690 looking for. 05:08.090 --> 05:08.910 Right. 05:08.960 --> 05:14.060 That's all we're looking for a significant improvement on last time. 05:14.220 --> 05:17.730 Now how robots can save human lives. 05:17.730 --> 05:21.000 No examples of robots are working again. 05:21.020 --> 05:25.580 We're just going off a topic sentence if you know our topic sentences Well we could always find the 05:25.580 --> 05:26.940 right answer. 05:27.140 --> 05:28.950 Not what it seemed to be. 05:29.250 --> 05:31.430 There is our answer. 05:31.430 --> 05:33.990 Number five not what it seemed to be. 05:34.010 --> 05:36.080 That's our answer right there. 05:36.350 --> 05:37.130 OK. 05:37.190 --> 05:44.420 Because what I tell you our first sentence says at first sight it looks like your typical suburban accident 05:44.570 --> 05:49.940 last night and says there were no humans they got out because they were driven by computers. 05:49.940 --> 05:55.810 So that's why it wasn't your typical suburban axen at first sight it looked like it was. 05:55.850 --> 06:03.140 So we're looking for a heading that has the same meaning not what it seemed to be at first sight it 06:03.140 --> 06:08.070 looked like this but actually it wasn't that you got it. 06:08.530 --> 06:09.630 OK. 06:09.830 --> 06:10.090 All right. 06:10.100 --> 06:17.160 We're picking meaning meaning meaning meaning look at the second one. 06:17.270 --> 06:23.390 The idea that machines could perform to such standards is startling despite. 06:23.870 --> 06:24.330 I'm sorry. 06:24.350 --> 06:31.160 Driving is a complex task that takes humans a long time to perfect your last sentence says 06:34.140 --> 06:44.120 you're only three years earlier and Dapra previous driverless car race every robot competitor directed 06:44.150 --> 06:49.430 to navigate across the stretch of the open desert either crashed or seized up before getting near the 06:49.430 --> 06:50.990 finish line. 06:51.440 --> 06:58.310 Solar Cell first hit this tells us that the idea that machines could perform to such standards is startling 06:58.760 --> 07:06.350 many a surprising the machines because the machines could perform to this to this standard driving this 07:06.350 --> 07:09.090 complex and takes humans a long time to reflect. 07:09.440 --> 07:13.000 Our last sentence talks about three years earlier. 07:13.370 --> 07:18.950 There were the cars at all gotten into accidents. 07:18.950 --> 07:19.220 All right. 07:19.210 --> 07:22.630 Now also many point something out to you if you noticed something. 07:22.880 --> 07:30.320 This last sentence starts with the word Yet Christ starts with the word yet and so actually says. 07:30.320 --> 07:31.990 Yet only three years earlier. 07:32.000 --> 07:34.380 So really what you really should do here. 07:34.520 --> 07:38.420 Right you read your first sentence and then if you go through your last sentence when the sentence starts 07:38.420 --> 07:43.940 off yet only three years earlier you should go back and look at your first look at the sentence before 07:43.940 --> 07:45.230 that. 07:45.480 --> 07:53.540 OK go back and look at the sentence before that the previous sentence is even more striking was the 07:53.540 --> 07:58.350 fact that the collision between the robot Landrover built by researchers. 07:58.610 --> 08:05.600 Blah blah blah blah blah fit it by Cornell University was the only scrape in the entire competition. 08:05.960 --> 08:09.540 So this year there was only one accident the previous year. 08:09.560 --> 08:11.970 There were all accidents. 08:12.470 --> 08:19.010 So that's all we're looking for performing to really high standards. 08:19.280 --> 08:21.440 Tackling the issue using a different approach. 08:21.440 --> 08:29.930 No there we go our answer is number two a significant improvement on last time our first sentence or 08:29.930 --> 08:36.950 top of our topic sentence tells us tells us that it's surprising that they can perform at such a high 08:36.950 --> 08:37.800 standard. 08:37.880 --> 08:43.230 Even our last sentence tells us this year there was one accident in the previous years. 08:43.280 --> 08:45.230 All the cars had accidents. 08:45.230 --> 08:48.390 So there was a significant improvement on last time. 08:48.500 --> 08:52.020 You see how they're using sin in their language with the answer choices right. 08:52.040 --> 08:54.170 They're using synonym language. 08:54.230 --> 08:57.470 They're not going to say the exact same words. 08:57.800 --> 08:58.670 Move one to see 09:03.670 --> 09:05.730 says it is remarkable. 09:05.860 --> 09:08.120 It is a remarkable transition. 09:08.140 --> 09:11.270 There's clearly implications for the car of the future. 09:11.470 --> 09:15.720 OK so this topic sentence we could see we're talking about. 09:16.030 --> 09:20.000 It has implications for the car of the future. 09:20.290 --> 09:21.670 Right. 09:22.330 --> 09:31.330 And our last sentence says we may be on the verge of a new era where the pc will get up off the desktop 09:31.870 --> 09:39.290 and allow us to see hear touch and manipulate objects and places where we are not physically present. 09:39.430 --> 09:39.730 Right. 09:39.730 --> 09:44.350 So it seems like here they're talking about the car of the future and then the last sentence or making 09:44.680 --> 09:49.110 a comparison to a PC computer. 09:49.450 --> 09:49.860 OK. 09:49.930 --> 09:51.700 So we could find something that matches that 09:54.660 --> 09:59.950 like the tackling the issue using a different approach was different approach here. 09:59.950 --> 10:01.670 Number two is already gone. 10:01.700 --> 10:03.470 There's nothing about human lives. 10:03.490 --> 10:05.960 There's nothing about robots at work. 10:06.140 --> 10:07.990 The revive is gone. 10:07.990 --> 10:15.370 There's nothing about time scale says something about robots moving following the pattern of an earlier 10:15.370 --> 10:18.180 development. 10:19.300 --> 10:21.560 I think that's our answer. 10:22.070 --> 10:24.970 I can pretty sure that's our answer. 10:30.700 --> 10:35.740 Yeah because our first sentence says this remarkable transition that the car has that there's clear 10:35.740 --> 10:38.530 implications for the car of the future. 10:38.710 --> 10:39.040 Right. 10:39.040 --> 10:46.330 And then our last sentence you know we look at the bottom is talking about that you know robots will 10:46.330 --> 10:53.670 become a part of our everyday lives and we may be on the verge of a PC getting up and walking around. 10:54.460 --> 10:58.650 Yeah that's right answer following the pattern of an earlier development. 10:58.890 --> 11:01.560 OK let's look at choice. 11:05.690 --> 11:09.040 What is the potential for robotic computers in the near future. 11:09.050 --> 11:12.350 So this paragraph is going to talk about potential right. 11:12.350 --> 11:15.110 What is the potential in the near future. 11:15.680 --> 11:21.110 The fact is we still have a way to go before real before real robots catch up with our science fiction 11:21.110 --> 11:22.600 counterparts. 11:23.240 --> 11:31.980 The last sentence tells us that this has until recently reduce robots to fairly static and cumbersome 11:32.000 --> 11:34.220 role roles. 11:34.370 --> 11:39.950 Right so our first sentence talks about the potential for robots in the future it says we still have 11:39.950 --> 11:46.880 a long way to go before real robots catch up and then the last sentence tells us that robots are fairly 11:46.880 --> 11:49.820 static and cumbersome. 11:49.910 --> 11:50.270 Right. 11:50.270 --> 11:54.000 So this question or some other potential in the future. 11:54.250 --> 11:56.330 These cells they have a long way to go. 11:56.510 --> 12:02.570 In our last census tells us that they're fairly static. 12:03.120 --> 12:03.630 All right. 12:03.650 --> 12:05.620 Tackling the issue using a different approach. 12:05.630 --> 12:06.980 No. 12:07.010 --> 12:08.510 How robust can save humans. 12:08.510 --> 12:12.570 No robots work no time scales. 12:12.590 --> 12:14.750 No our answers right there. 12:14.750 --> 12:21.110 The reason why robots rarely move are our first two sentences at the top tell us that robots have a 12:21.110 --> 12:22.410 long way to go. 12:22.550 --> 12:28.910 And their last sentence tells us the robots are fairly static fairly static is said synonym for robots 12:28.910 --> 12:31.270 rarely move right. 12:31.280 --> 12:35.930 So the first sentence is talking more robots have a long way to go and there are alas it does gives 12:35.930 --> 12:41.030 us information that we're talking about the robots are very static meaning static again meaning they 12:41.030 --> 12:43.610 don't move around at all OK. 12:43.670 --> 12:45.240 They don't move around at all. 12:45.740 --> 12:53.090 So you can see with the headings question you can see with the headings question that is all about understanding. 12:53.110 --> 12:54.220 Synonym language. 12:54.260 --> 12:59.750 And you can see that I'm using the strategy that I told you Alica my first two sentences in my last 12:59.750 --> 13:01.900 sentence or I'll just look at the first and last sentence. 13:01.910 --> 13:04.780 But that first sentence is so important. 13:05.090 --> 13:12.380 It is so so important to do that you have to match meaning you must match meaning what is the paragraph 13:12.380 --> 13:15.220 about what is a paragraph talking about. 13:15.470 --> 13:18.020 You don't have time to read the whole paragraph right. 13:18.020 --> 13:22.630 There's no time you have to finish an entire reading passage in 20 minutes. 13:22.670 --> 13:23.310 Right. 13:23.480 --> 13:26.390 You have to finish an entire reading passage in 20 minutes. 13:26.390 --> 13:34.750 There's no time to go and read the whole thing is not necessary. 13:34.750 --> 13:37.140 It is not necessary. 13:37.140 --> 13:40.620 You write essays for a long time. 13:40.850 --> 13:46.070 Research is trying to get around the problem by attempting to recreate the visual processing that goes 13:46.060 --> 13:49.060 out of the human cortex. 13:49.190 --> 13:55.310 However that challenge has proved to be singularly singularly exacting and complex. 13:55.910 --> 13:58.810 So scientists have turned to simpler alternatives. 13:58.830 --> 14:05.120 All right that's where our top sentences tell us tells us they're talking about trying to recreate the 14:05.420 --> 14:07.710 human cortex sort of human eye. 14:08.120 --> 14:11.310 And it tells us that they have turned around to something simpler 14:14.290 --> 14:22.260 you see if we can find a match I think we all know this one right. 14:22.450 --> 14:26.530 Let's say Yes and look at how robots can save lives. 14:26.540 --> 14:29.660 Now tackling the issue using a different approach. 14:29.700 --> 14:30.520 Right. 14:30.690 --> 14:35.280 Because they told us they're trying to develop the human eye and it's also looking for an alternative 14:35.280 --> 14:39.840 method alternative method a synonym for a different approach. 14:39.840 --> 14:45.360 If you pick synonyms if you understand synonyms you can always get the right answer. 14:45.360 --> 14:51.620 That's the key everybody understanding synonyms if you understand synonyms you will get the right answer. 14:51.660 --> 14:52.990 Every single time. 14:53.270 --> 14:53.930 OK. 14:54.330 --> 14:57.840 All right so we are going to wrap it up right here. 14:57.840 --> 15:02.440 I hope you enjoy this lesson on seeing how you do a hidings question. 15:02.550 --> 15:07.590 It's all about looking at your topic sentence and really understanding your topic sentence. 15:07.860 --> 15:12.170 And then also taking a look at this second in the last sentence or the first and last sentence. 15:12.180 --> 15:14.360 Understand the meaning. 15:14.490 --> 15:17.210 What is this paragraph talking about. 15:17.250 --> 15:23.580 What is the main idea of this paragraph to get that you need your first and your last essay really all 15:23.580 --> 15:24.850 you need everybody. 15:24.990 --> 15:25.720 OK. 15:25.810 --> 15:29.290 So good luck and I will talk to you soon.