OK so let's go ahead and go through an example of a headings question a brief review on the strategy
for headings question.
We're going to quickly read the possible answer choices underlining any key words that stand out.
Then we will go to the shortest paragraph first.
And really the first and last sentence are the first and second if you're a fast reader breaks through
all three of those things go to the heading and she was the one that captures the same meaning.
You basically just found in the topic sentence remember it's all about being able to find the great
meaning the right meaning the right meaning.
OK.
Roomer we're going to go to the shortest paragraphs first and then we will go to the bigger paragraphs
because the shorter paragraphs are probably going to be a little bit easier to manage than one that
has many many many sentences.
Also keep in mind that we will have done the headings question after we have already done the other
question in the set.
So other headings question has a matching any Yes.
On that given question then we would go ahead and do those questions first and then move into the headings
question because that's going to make it much much easier to manage because we would have seen the whole
thing.
Right so if you want to do this one with us this one is from the Cambridge fish show.
It's a practice test test to reading passage number two if you want to do it along with us if you want
to what you can do is you can stop the tape now and you can go and do it yourself and then you can come
back and check your answers as we give the explanations for those answers so if you want to do that.
If you want to do it that way you can that's a good way for you to practice.
You can stop the tape try do it yourself and then and come back and listen to the explanation with this
so you can know exactly how to do this question.
All right so here are our headings here.
Right.
And like I said First we may just read through them very quickly tackling the issue using a different
approach.
A significant improvement on last time how robots can save human lives.
Examples of robots at work not what it seemed to be why.
Time scales are impossible to predict.
The reason why robots rarely move following in the pattern of an earlier development and the ethical
issues.
OK so that's what we're dealing with there in terms of our heading.
A good thing just to read through and very quickly familiarize yourself with them very quickly.
Take a look at our paragraphs.
We're a b c d e.
So here when we look our paragraphs here it looks like a b c and d are almost around the same size.
B's a little bit bigger but E and F are the bigger ones.
So actually with this one we can go really in order.
So let's start with our first paragraph and I'm going to go ahead look at the first sentence and the
last sentence on on on these like I said you can look at the first and second or the first and last
or all three depending on your reading speed.
That's what you can actually do.
But like I said the most important sentence is the first sentence with a topic sentence.
If you're able to understand really understand the topic sentence you can always get the right answer
because you just need to find the answer choice that matches meaning right.
So it is like a choice a.
It says at first sight it looked like a typical suburban road accident.
So what does that sentence mean.
Right.
It says at first sight it looked like a typical suburban road accident.
So that means decentest means when we first look at it right at first sight when we first look at it
it looks like a typical suburban road accident last sentence.
No one got out of the car for the simple reason that they had no human inside of them.
The last hole and Land Rover were being controlled by computers competing in the November Dapra competition
and our competition challenge right.
So our first sentence tells us when we first look at it it looks like a typical suburban road accident
at first sight.
It looks like us when we first look at it that our last sentence tells us no one got other cars because
they were driven by computers.
Right.
So we have to find something that matches that.
All right tackling the issue with a different approach right now.
Did they mention anything in that first sentence about a different approach or did you get the idea
from there first and there we're talking about a different approach from the first sentence.
You get the meaning that when we first looked at something is not the way it seems that's what we're
looking for.
Right.
That's all we're looking for a significant improvement on last time.
Now how robots can save human lives.
No examples of robots are working again.
We're just going off a topic sentence if you know our topic sentences Well we could always find the
right answer.
Not what it seemed to be.
There is our answer.
Number five not what it seemed to be.
That's our answer right there.
OK.
Because what I tell you our first sentence says at first sight it looks like your typical suburban accident
last night and says there were no humans they got out because they were driven by computers.
So that's why it wasn't your typical suburban axen at first sight it looked like it was.
So we're looking for a heading that has the same meaning not what it seemed to be at first sight it
looked like this but actually it wasn't that you got it.
OK.
All right.
We're picking meaning meaning meaning meaning look at the second one.
The idea that machines could perform to such standards is startling despite.
I'm sorry.
Driving is a complex task that takes humans a long time to perfect your last sentence says
you're only three years earlier and Dapra previous driverless car race every robot competitor directed
to navigate across the stretch of the open desert either crashed or seized up before getting near the
finish line.
Solar Cell first hit this tells us that the idea that machines could perform to such standards is startling
many a surprising the machines because the machines could perform to this to this standard driving this
complex and takes humans a long time to reflect.
Our last sentence talks about three years earlier.
There were the cars at all gotten into accidents.
All right.
Now also many point something out to you if you noticed something.
This last sentence starts with the word Yet Christ starts with the word yet and so actually says.
Yet only three years earlier.
So really what you really should do here.
Right you read your first sentence and then if you go through your last sentence when the sentence starts
off yet only three years earlier you should go back and look at your first look at the sentence before
that.
OK go back and look at the sentence before that the previous sentence is even more striking was the
fact that the collision between the robot Landrover built by researchers.
Blah blah blah blah blah fit it by Cornell University was the only scrape in the entire competition.
So this year there was only one accident the previous year.
There were all accidents.
So that's all we're looking for performing to really high standards.
Tackling the issue using a different approach.
No there we go our answer is number two a significant improvement on last time our first sentence or
top of our topic sentence tells us tells us that it's surprising that they can perform at such a high
standard.
Even our last sentence tells us this year there was one accident in the previous years.
All the cars had accidents.
So there was a significant improvement on last time.
You see how they're using sin in their language with the answer choices right.
They're using synonym language.
They're not going to say the exact same words.
Move one to see
says it is remarkable.
It is a remarkable transition.
There's clearly implications for the car of the future.
OK so this topic sentence we could see we're talking about.
It has implications for the car of the future.
Right.
And our last sentence says we may be on the verge of a new era where the pc will get up off the desktop
and allow us to see hear touch and manipulate objects and places where we are not physically present.
Right.
So it seems like here they're talking about the car of the future and then the last sentence or making
a comparison to a PC computer.
OK.
So we could find something that matches that
like the tackling the issue using a different approach was different approach here.
Number two is already gone.
There's nothing about human lives.
There's nothing about robots at work.
The revive is gone.
There's nothing about time scale says something about robots moving following the pattern of an earlier
development.
I think that's our answer.
I can pretty sure that's our answer.
Yeah because our first sentence says this remarkable transition that the car has that there's clear
implications for the car of the future.
Right.
And then our last sentence you know we look at the bottom is talking about that you know robots will
become a part of our everyday lives and we may be on the verge of a PC getting up and walking around.
Yeah that's right answer following the pattern of an earlier development.
OK let's look at choice.
What is the potential for robotic computers in the near future.
So this paragraph is going to talk about potential right.
What is the potential in the near future.
The fact is we still have a way to go before real before real robots catch up with our science fiction
counterparts.
The last sentence tells us that this has until recently reduce robots to fairly static and cumbersome
role roles.
Right so our first sentence talks about the potential for robots in the future it says we still have
a long way to go before real robots catch up and then the last sentence tells us that robots are fairly
static and cumbersome.
Right.
So this question or some other potential in the future.
These cells they have a long way to go.
In our last census tells us that they're fairly static.
All right.
Tackling the issue using a different approach.
No.
How robust can save humans.
No robots work no time scales.
No our answers right there.
The reason why robots rarely move are our first two sentences at the top tell us that robots have a
long way to go.
And their last sentence tells us the robots are fairly static fairly static is said synonym for robots
rarely move right.
So the first sentence is talking more robots have a long way to go and there are alas it does gives
us information that we're talking about the robots are very static meaning static again meaning they
don't move around at all OK.
They don't move around at all.
So you can see with the headings question you can see with the headings question that is all about understanding.
Synonym language.
And you can see that I'm using the strategy that I told you Alica my first two sentences in my last
sentence or I'll just look at the first and last sentence.
But that first sentence is so important.
It is so so important to do that you have to match meaning you must match meaning what is the paragraph
about what is a paragraph talking about.
You don't have time to read the whole paragraph right.
There's no time you have to finish an entire reading passage in 20 minutes.
Right.
You have to finish an entire reading passage in 20 minutes.
There's no time to go and read the whole thing is not necessary.
It is not necessary.
You write essays for a long time.
Research is trying to get around the problem by attempting to recreate the visual processing that goes
out of the human cortex.
However that challenge has proved to be singularly singularly exacting and complex.
So scientists have turned to simpler alternatives.
All right that's where our top sentences tell us tells us they're talking about trying to recreate the
human cortex sort of human eye.
And it tells us that they have turned around to something simpler
you see if we can find a match I think we all know this one right.
Let's say Yes and look at how robots can save lives.
Now tackling the issue using a different approach.
Right.
Because they told us they're trying to develop the human eye and it's also looking for an alternative
method alternative method a synonym for a different approach.
If you pick synonyms if you understand synonyms you can always get the right answer.
That's the key everybody understanding synonyms if you understand synonyms you will get the right answer.
Every single time.
OK.
All right so we are going to wrap it up right here.
I hope you enjoy this lesson on seeing how you do a hidings question.
It's all about looking at your topic sentence and really understanding your topic sentence.
And then also taking a look at this second in the last sentence or the first and last sentence.
Understand the meaning.
What is this paragraph talking about.
What is the main idea of this paragraph to get that you need your first and your last essay really all
you need everybody.
OK.
So good luck and I will talk to you soon.