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What's up everybody in this exciting episode we're going to talk about variable's operators and a little



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bit about how computers work.



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Now this is not a theoretical course but I do want you to understand some of the basic principles that



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are happening underneath the hood so you can have a foundation to build upon.



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And of course you're going to want to learn these things.



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At some point in time anyway and dive deeper into them.



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So let's go ahead and get started.



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The first thing I want to do is talk about variables so go ahead and pull up in a browser here and we're



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going to say what is a variable in programming.



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Common question popped right up and we're going to do this one right here launch schoolbooks Ruby read



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variables.



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What is a variable.



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Variables are used to store information to be referenced and manipulated in a computer program.



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That's a good definition.



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They also provide a way of labeling data with a descriptive name.



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So our programs can be understood more clearly by the reader and ourselves.



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It is helpful to think of variables as containers as a keyword as containers that hold information.



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Their sole purpose is to label and store data in memory.



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This data can then use throughout your program.



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OK so they're like a container that can hold data.



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Well what does that even mean.



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Well let's think about what's going on under the hood here and pulled my Photoshop here for you



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or you go.



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And what does that mean.



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My pen.



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So let's say



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you've got your RAM in your computer OK.



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This is your rim you know.



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You know how when you're like I need to upgrade my RAM on my computer it needs to go faster.



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You know you've heard somebody say that and you don't really you don't really know what it means or



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you just say it and say well I have more RAM means a faster computer.



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Well what does that even mean.



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You know ram ram What has that to do with variable swell.



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RAM is random access memory random.



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So it means that things are going to be stored in it randomly accessed and retrieved and things will



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be cleared out of it.



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OK so what happens is when you create a variable which you haven't seen yet but when you create a variable



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OK it is representing data that is being stored in a memory location.



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So let's say we've got a number.



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OK.



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Like the number 23.



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OK.



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And I don't know what the binary value of this but a computer is read zeros and ones.



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True or false.



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You know so this is all pretend but you know let's say this was 0 1 0 0 0 0 1 0.



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Again that's not the right value for that I can look it up online I can do it in my head sorry.



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Anyway so this is kind of hard to remember right.



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Do you do you can remember binary for every single thing that needs to happen in your program.



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Probably not.



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So what happens is we use variables.



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So we say oh 23.



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Well let's let's say this variable's name is age.



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Age is a lot easier to remember than you know 0 1 0 0 0 0 1 0 right.



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So we give a variable a name and it has a value k a name.



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So the container the value and this is stored in a memory location somewhere and who knows what that



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is.



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You know x zero.



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You know whatever.



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Ok some random access memory location in your program stores it in there.



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And then when it needs it let's say you have a calculator app OK and you type in a number will stores



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a variable somewhere in your in your app which goes onto your RAM and it's stored there.



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And then when you clear it out maybe it's gone.



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You don't need it anymore.



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So then it's clear now to your memory.



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OK.



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So when somebody says oh I need to upgrade my computer to get more RAM so my programs can run faster.



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What that really means is you may have multiple programs.



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OK.



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Let's say this is photoshop.



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OK let's say this is X code.



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Let's say this is Android studio.



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OK.



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Well all of these.



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All these programs then need spots in memory.



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So the more memory you have the more variables you've been storing the faster they're going to run because



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if you don't have enough what's going to happen is they're going to go in there and they're going to



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go on a waitlist.



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You can't go in until memory is cleared out.



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So it's going to be in a waitlist.



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So if you ever loaded a program and it's like loading and take it forever and you're like what's going



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on.



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Well it could be that you don't have enough RAM and all these programs are trying to save data in your



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random access memory and it can't because there's not enough space.



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OK so a variables a container that has a value of some kind.



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And the container references a point in memory a memory location and it helps us to write readable code



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so we don't have to do things like this so we don't have to understand this kind of stuff because I



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surely can't understand it.



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So that's kind of how computers work with variables and applications they store data how they retrieve



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data.



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But you get to use readable variables appear at the top that will make your life much easier than having



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to remember anything else.



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OK so that's variables in a nutshell and I'm going to close out now.



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So we've talked about variables bullishly what a variable actually is.



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Go ahead and open up your Ex code exco.



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And we're going to go ahead and get started with the playground and I'm going to call this variable's



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and let's store this in the folder.



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Oh great new folder called variables and create.



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So by default your playground your ex-coach playground will actually give you a variable inheritance



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bar.



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Var is short for variable.



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You're telling the program hey this is a variable.



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It's a container that I want to put data in.



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And what's this.



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This is the name we can call this whatever we want.



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There are some things that are aren't allowed.



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We can't put numbers in the front of a variable name.



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OK but you can use words and then number like day one you can do things like that.



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But in our case we want to write the word message.



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Variables should always be descriptive.



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OK.



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It should be descriptive.



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They should tell you what's being stored in there.



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And then we're storing some words and this is called a string specifically when there's two quotes.



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That is called a string.



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And the key term if you're really interested is a string literal.



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This is a string literal that is being created right here on the fly.



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And it says hello playground and the playground is kindly printing this up to the screen for us.



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So this is your very first variable and this is a string to the data type is a string characters words.



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And this is being stored in the variable and then underneath the hood when your program is running.



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This will actually even right now.



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This program is running on our Mac.



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And so this is actually being stored.



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This is being stored in the memory on the computer somewhere which is pretty cool.



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I think it's cool.



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And so that's happening for us automatically and maybe you're wondering up here what is import you like



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it.



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Well import means somebody else wrote a lot of code for us in this case Apple.



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There are a lot of code and we're importing it so we can use it.



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So you like it lets us use the cool features of iOS like views and pop ups and screens and view controllers



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and that's all included here inside of this a bunch of code that they wrote and we're bringing it in.



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It also includes a framework called Foundation which includes Swift which lets us do things like this



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which is pretty cool.



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So that's your very first variable we gave it a descriptive name we started it off with a keyword specifying



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var and then we said hello playground variables can be changed.



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OK areas can be changed.



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Whereas something called a constant cannot.



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OK.



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Variables we change as many times as you want though.



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And the only thing that that we didn't cover was this the equal sign.



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This is called an assignment operator and that's the keyword if you want to write that down is the assignment



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operator and what the assignment operator does is it is signs a value from the right hand side into



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something on the left hand side.



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Typically a variable.



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So that means we are taking something over here and we are putting it over here.



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OK.



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The assignment operator.



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So a sock about operators for a minute.



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We've talked about variables and how they work.



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Let's talk about operators.



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So there are three types of operators in swift or most languages anyway.



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So



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there are very binary and ternary.



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What does that even mean.



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That is a very good question.



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Ternary operator only works on one target.



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So if you look at this right here OK this is a urinary operator.



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No it's actually a binary because it works on two.



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And look at the keyword or the prefix here.



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By no means two.



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OK so this works on two.



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So this is a binary.



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But what is a urinary.



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What are your great works on a single operator.



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And so for instance you can have a variable that's called a boolean So you know.



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Am I cool.



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This is a variable called emic cool.



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And we're going to say equals true.



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OK that's that's pretty cool.



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I'm cool.



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But you know then some new phase or fad comes out and new clothes and I haven't upgraded yet.



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So now I'm uncool.



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Well we can use a urinary prefix operator.



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You can write that down.



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Urinary prefix operator and we can say well we can say Am I cool equals not am I.



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Cool.



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So the opposite of what I am.



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So right here is this operating on one target or two targets.



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Well it's only operating on one target.



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This one right here.



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So this is a urinary OPERATOR You know Yune like unicycle.



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OK.



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One.



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So what we're saying here is am I cool that's true.



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We're saying the opposite.



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Not Am I cool.



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So we're saying false and then we're shoving it back into here.



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So now my cool is false.



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I'm no longer cool because some new fad came out.



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You know maybe back in the day like in 2006 when Paris Hilton like put on this big huge aviator sunglasses



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and before that no one had seen those since like the 70s.



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And then all of a sudden every girl on the street in the world like within one week had big aviator



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glasses.



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OK.



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So if you didn't have them you're uncool just like I'm cool here because this new thing came out and



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I didn't adopt it.



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So you're narry Hey operates on one target binary operates on two targets.



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OK.



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A left and a right as you can see right there.



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And when you're programming you're not going to use these terms.



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But if you're going for an interview or something like that they may bring these up and ask you to define



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them so it's good to know good stuff to know.



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Actually a ternary operator works on three objects and in swift There are only there's only one ternary



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operator and I'll show you the syntax you'll use.



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As you become more advanced programmer but let's just show you for sake of completeness.



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Again you don't have to memorize all this this is just an overview.



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So what we can do here is let's see here



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we have another variable called feel good about myself.



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OK.



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Feel good about myself.



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Equals true.



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So that's a variable of type Boolean locatable in type which we'll talk about later.



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And we're storing true into this container here this variable.



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So let's do a ternary operator.



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Just for fun.



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OK.



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So feel good about myself.



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Equals.



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And we're going to say Am I cool.



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So if I am cool.



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OK.



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Question mark if I'm cool then feel good.



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Are you then true otherwise false.



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That's what we want to do.



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Maybe you're thinking what's going on here.



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This is so confusing and you shouldn't be confused if you're absolutely new to programming should not



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make any sense but I'm showing you what a ternary operators with three targets are what this is saying



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is.



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So right now I feel good about myself great right.



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But then that new fad comes out and I'm not cool anymore.



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So what we're doing here is we're saying is this true or false.



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If this is true.



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OK.



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So that's what we're saying here with the question mark.



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If this is true then let's put true in to feel good about myself because then I feel good about myself



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because I am cool.



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OK.



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And if I'm not cool otherwise false or a false into here and I no longer feel good about myself and



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I'm a very shallow person.



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So that's a turnaround operator because it works on three targets right here right here and right here.



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Does that makes sense.



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Another example is just to show you the ternary operator over time without the truth and false Let's



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say I've got a variable called bank account balance equals let's say 100 and then what we'll do is we'll



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say bank account balance.



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Actually you know what we'll do is we'll save our mess.



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Bank message.



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How about cash register message cash register message.



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Let's say we want a message.



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We're going to print out to someone who wants to buy something at a store.



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Right.



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Cash register message.



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OK.



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So it's going to equal what we're going to do is we're going to say if a bank account balance is greater



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then greater than or equal to let's say 50 has a bank account balance is greater than or equal to 50.



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And these are logical operators which we haven't covered yet.



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If it's greater than or equal to 50.



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OK what we're going to do is we're going to say you just bought the item otherwise you are broke as



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a joke.



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OK.



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So what we're saying here is we run we run a check here we do a conditional statement.



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If your bank account balance is greater than or equal to 50 maybe this is a pair of shoes you're going



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to buy then here's the question mark.



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Then we say you just bought this item so if this is true let's do this.



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Otherwise you are broke as a joke.



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So watch as I turn this item to $150 you're now broke as a joke.



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So this is again a ternary operator OK.



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There's three things happening here.



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One two and three turn every three.



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OK.



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And again this last one ternary.



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You use it less often you will use it though and you don't have to know it right now.



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If this is confusing at all that's OK.



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This stuff takes time to get down but that's a turnaround operator.



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Other operators that we'll learn about later such as arithmetic operators that's a key word or key phrase



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arithmetic operators such as adding and subtracting and dividing.



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There's also a remainder operator for doing division and then getting the remainder of the result.



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Because division does not give you remainders things like that.



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We'll talk about that later.



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This was just a synopsis of how variables work what a variable is.



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We talked a little bit about your unary operators binary operators and ternary operators and you learned



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that you can create a container called a.



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What you said variable.



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That's right.



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And so you create a variable by starting with the Barkey word.



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Then you give the container a name message and then you can store a value into that.



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You know such as a string this is called a string of characters in words or a boolean true or false



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or a number even you can assign in there using the assignment operator which is a binary operator because



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it works on two targets.



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And again this is a unitary operator because it works on one target.



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So cool stuff here.



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It's fun to learn about these things you should dig more into it go on the Internet and search about



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your Noori operettas binary operators turn or go back to that Google search on what is a variable in



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programming it's so important to know these things.



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And I always say that over and over again because you want to become a good programmer.



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So that's it for now.



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Marc price of slopes dot com and we are putting the doors into a brand new world of magic and exciting



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you later.