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- [Voiceover] In this movie,

I'll show you how to work



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with the first four Pathfinder operations,



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which are also known as the shape modes.



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And they include Unite, Minus

Front, Intersect and Exclude.



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So, the first thing I'll do is

go up here to the window menu



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and choose the pathfinder command



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to bring up the pathfinder panel



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And because we are going to be

working with it an awful lot



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over the course of this chapter,



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I'm going to go ahead and

drag this entire panel group,



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and drop it above the layers panel.



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Now notice that the

pathfinders are divided



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into two groups of icons, the shape modes,



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which include those guys I

was just telling you about,



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Unite, Minus Front,

Intersect, and Exclude.



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And then we have the other six icons,



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beginning with Divide, down here below.



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All right, now notice for the most part,



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I'll be demonstrating

how these operations work



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by combining a rectangle along



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with this green ring shape.



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And as you may recall from

the fundamentals course,



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this is what's known as a compound path,



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because, after all, we have

one sub path cutting a hole



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in another.



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And just to refresh your memory,



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you create a compound path



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by selecting the paths that you

are interested in combining.



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And in my case, it's these

two circles right here.



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So, I'll just go ahead

and partially marquee them



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with a black arrow tool.



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And then you go up to the object menu,



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drop all the way down to

compound path, and choose make.



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And we get one path cutting

a hole in the other.



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However, if you take a look up here,



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at the far left side of the control panel,



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in the most recent version of Illustrator,



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you'll see the word ellipse,



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and that's because

Illustrator's still seeing this



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as a pair of live shapes.



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And to see what that means,



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you can select any one

of the live shape tools,



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including the rectangle tool,



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or you can select the line segment tool.



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At which point, notice I

now see all of my widgets,



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including this guy right here,



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which allows me to cut the

circle into a pie shape.



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But, because we have a compound path,



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we have this interesting interaction



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in the center of this object.



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Anyway, that's not what I want,

so I'll press Control + Z,



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Command + Z on the Mac, a couple of times



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in order to put that

shape back where it goes.



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And then I'll switch back

to the black arrow tool



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which I can get by pressing

the V key of course,



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and now I'll Shift +

click on the rectangle.



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So, as with all Pathfinder operations,



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you start by selecting the

objects you want to modify



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and then you just click on an icon.



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And so when you click on the Unite icon,



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you end up uniting the two shapes like so,



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and they also adopt the fill and stroke



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associated with the topmost object,



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which was that green

ring as you may recall.



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All right, I'm going to

go ahead and zoom in here



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to demonstrate Minus Front,



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because I want you to see that

it has two interesting uses.



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First of all, you can

subtract the top shape



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from the bottom one,

the one in back of it.



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And if that top shape exists

entirely inside the rear shape,



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then you're going to

create a compound path.



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Notice, I'll just go ahead

and select these two circles



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and then I'll click on Minus Front,



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which is the second icon in the first row



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and then I'll end up with what

is obviously a compound path



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because I can see it

through the center of it,



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but also notice that it's

labeled compound path up here



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in the control panel.



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And that's because I've

broken the line of shapes.



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So notice that if I switch

to the line segment tool,



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I'm not seeing any of those

widgets this time around.



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And so that's just

something to bear in mind,



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for better or for worse, and

oftentimes it's for better,



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you break live shapes when you

apply Pathfinder operations.



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All right, I'm going to go

ahead and press Control + Z,



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or Command + Z on the Mac to move that guy



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back to where he was.



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And I'll press the V key once again



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to select my black arrow tool.



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Notice this time we have three shapes,



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we've got the green ring,

we have this pink rectangle,



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and then we've got the purple square.



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I'm gonna partially

marquee all three of them



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and click Minus Front.



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Now the thing to know about Minus Front is



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that it subtracts multiple paths



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from the rearmost path outline.



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So only the rearmost path survives.



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So, notice when I click the second icon,



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I subtract both the green

ring and the pink triangle



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from that purple rectangle.



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The result because we actually have



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two fragmented path outlines,



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is that Illustrator goes ahead



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and automatically groups the shapes



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as witnessed by the word group



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on the far left side of the control panel.



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If that's not what you want,



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then you can ungroup the shapes

by going to the object menu



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and choosing the ungroup command,



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where you also have that keyboard shortcut



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that I'll be using in the future



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of Control + Shift + G here in a PC,



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or Command + Shift + G on the Mac.



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And now we can tell,



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if I just go ahead and select

this guy and drag him around,



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that we have two

independent path outlines.



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All right, now let's move on to Intersect.



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This guy is pretty simple to anticipate.



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All it does is keep the

intersecting portions



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of your selected shapes.



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So if I go ahead and partially

marquee these two guys



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and then I click on the

third icon in the first row,



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I will keep just the portion of the ring



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that was overlapping the square.



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And I end up with a single path outline



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as indicated by the word path



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on the far left side of the control panel.



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So, pretty simple operation,



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Exclude is just Intersect's opposite.



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So, it's gonna keep everything

that's not overlapping



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and get rid of everything that is.



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But, it's a little more

complicated than that.



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I'll go ahead and marquee

these three independent shapes.



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So instead of that compound

path we now have two circles.



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Wherever the shapes don't

intersect they'll be kept.



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Wherever two shapes intersect,

you'll end up with a hole.



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And where three shapes intersect,



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then Illustrator will keep that

portion of the path outline.



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So in other words, it's

an even, odd thing.



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Exclude gets rid of the even intersections



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and keeps the odd ones.



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You can see that happen if I go ahead



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and click on the Exclude icon.



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Notice it kept the color

of the forward shape



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just as Intersect did.



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But now we've got a couple of holes here.



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See what that looks like.



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I need to ungroup the shapes.



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Once again we have a group.



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So I'll just press Control + Shift + G



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or Command + Shift + G on the Mac.



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And then I'll click off the

shapes and drag them apart.



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So we've got a total

of three path outlines,



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including this sort of backwards C,



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this path fragment here, and

this former square up left.



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All right, I'll just go ahead and zoom out



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so you can see what we have so far.



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And that is how you work



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with the first four path operations,



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also known as the shape modes,



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which include Unite, Minus

Front, Intersect and Exclude.