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- [Voiceover] In this movie

we're going to get into some



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pretty Archean territory.



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And so, if that doesn't interest you,



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feel free to skip to the next movie.



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The thing is, this is an advanced course,



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so I want you to understand

exactly what's going on



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under the hood.



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And the idea is that exclude,

if you think about it,



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exclude applied to a compound

shape is no better than



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just working with a straight

forward compound path



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because after all, compound

paths use the exclude operation.



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And so, let me show you

what I mean by that.



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I'll go ahead and click, and

shift-click, on these circles



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to select both of them.



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And then I'll go up to the object menu,



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choose compound path and choose make.



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Or you have that keyboard

shortcut of control eight,



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command eight on a mac,

which may seem like,



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why in the world would

I ever remember that?



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Well just bare in mind that the

number eight is the ultimate



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compound path because it has

two circles cut out of it.



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Anyway, I'm going to go

ahead and choose that command



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and the result is one

hole cut out of another.



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So, you might figure

well, that's not exclude,



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that's actually minus

front, but here's the thing,



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if I were to double click on this path



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to enter the isolation mode and

drag this inner circle down,



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you would see that we have

a classic exclusion effect.



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So wherever the paths

overlap, we have a hole,



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where they don't overlap,

we have an opaque fill,



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as you can see, if I move these

paths around a little bit.



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Alright however, that's not

always the way it works.



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What I'm going to do

here is press control z,



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or command z on the mac,

as many times as it takes



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to get back to starting point here.



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And I'm going to marquee

all four of these paths,



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and then go up to the object menu,



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choose compound path and choose make,



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and you'll see that we're not

really getting total exclusion



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interaction and to

demonstrate the difference,



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I'll go ahead and marquee

these shapes over here



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and go over to the pathfinder

panel and press the alt key,



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or the option key on a mac,

and click that fourth icon



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in the first row.



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And so the immediate

thing that you see is that



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the exclude mode grabs the fill and stroke



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from the front most shape,



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where a compound path grabs

it from the rear most shape.



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But more important, I'll

go ahead and double click



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on any of these paths to

enter the isolation mode



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and I'll drag this square so

it's more or less centered



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on the other path outlines



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and you can see we get

that even-odd interaction.



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So anyplace where two

path outlines overlap,



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which is an even number, we get a hole.



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Anytime where three path outlines overlap,



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which is an odd number, we

see an opaque fill once again.



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And anytime where four

path outlines overlap,



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again an even number, we see a hole.



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Compare that to what we're

getting with a compound path.



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I'll go ahead and press the escape key



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in order to exit the isolation mode



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and I'll double click on the

compound path to isolate it,



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and then I'll drag that

square down once again.



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Where we have an even

overlap, we get a hole



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but the next odd, and even

overlaps, we see opaque fills.



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The problem is, an

obscure post grip feature



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known as the non zero winding fill rule.



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Now, I'm not even going to

bother to explain to you



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what that means, it's basically all about



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the direction of the path outlines.



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But I am going to explain the solution.



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What you do is, you go

up to the window menu



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and you choose the attributes command,



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which brings up this

dinky little panel here,



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at least by default.



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Then you click on this double arrow icon



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in order to expand the panel.



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And notice this icon

that's currently active.



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It says, use non-zero winding fill rule,



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which is illustrators default setting.



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What you want is this guy right next door



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use even-odd fill rule,



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which I think I've been

explaining in detail



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throughout this movie, and

notice as soon as you click on it



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we get the exclusion behavior

that we're looking for.



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And in fact, we get the

exact interaction that we get



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from a compound shape

set to the exclude mode.



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And so you may have very well asked,



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well then what is the advantage

to working with a compound



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shape set to exclude?



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And the answer is that, you

can apply multiple modes



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within a single compound shape,



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as I'm about to demonstrate

in the very next movie.