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- In this movie, I'll show you how to draw

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straight and perpendicular
lines using the pencil.

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But before we begin, I'm
going to change the color

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of this layer, because
otherwise we're going to see

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red on red,

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which is really difficult to make out.

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So I'll go ahead and
double-click on an empty portion

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of that drawing layer,

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and I will change the color
to, let's say, yellow,

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so it really stands out.

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And then I'll click OK
to accept that change.

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Now notice what happens
if I press the Alt key,

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or the Option key on a Mac,

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at which point we see a straight line

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next to the pencil cursor.

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And so let's say I want to add
kind of an eye to my heart.

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Then I would just go ahead
and Alt- or Option-drag,

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in which case the pencil
tool works just like

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the line segment tool.

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And so then, once I get a
line at the right angle,

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I'll go ahead and release the Alt key

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or the Option key on a Mac in order

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to switch back to the free-form behavior

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and I'll finally close the line like so.

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Another way to work is to
draw a perpendicular line,

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that is, a line at a 45-degree angle,

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and to achieve that, you press and hold

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the Shift key instead.

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You're gonna see that same cursor,

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but now if you drag with that cursor,

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you're going to draw a horizontal line,

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or some other line at a
45 degree angle like so.

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Now, I'm looking for a horizontal line,

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so I'll just go ahead and
drag over to the left here,

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after which point I'll
release the Shift key

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in order to return to
the free-form behavior,

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and I'll go ahead and
finish off the path like so.

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Now notice that we have a little bit

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of a mistake right here.

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I'll go ahead and zoom in on it

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by Control-Spacebar clicking,

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that's a Command-Spacebar click on a Mac.

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And so notice how we
have this little hitch

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in the path outline right out there.

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The best way to get rid of
it is to press the A key

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to switch back to the white-arrow tool,

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and just click on the point
you want to get rid of,

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which in my case is this top anchor point,

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and then press the Backspace key,

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or the Delete key on a Mac,

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and that'll create a break
in your path like so,

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at which point you can switch
back to the pencil tool

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and just drag between those two points

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in order to connect them.

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Alright, now I'm going to press Control 0,

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or Command 0 on a Mac,

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to zoom out.

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You can also use those
tricks after you begin

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drawing a path outline.

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And so let's say I want to
create the free-form portion

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of the smile first.

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Then I just go ahead and
drag with the pencil tool,

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and now if I want to
close the path outline

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with a straight segment,

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I would press and hold the Alt key,

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or the Option key on a Mac,

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and then drag over to
the first point like so.

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Alright, now I'm going to press the V key

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to switch back to my black-arrow tool,

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and I'm going to go ahead and Shift-click

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on these other path outlines,

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including the big heart shape,

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so that all of these paths are selected,

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and then I'm going to
combine them together

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by going up to the Object menu,

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choosing Compound Path,

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and then choosing Make,

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and we end up turning all
of those new path outlines

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into holes.

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And to see what that looks like,

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I'm going to go ahead and
click on this outermost path

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to select it and then I'll
right-click on the path,

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choose Range, and then choose Send to Back

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in order to send that path
outline to the back of the stack.

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And then, finally, I'll
click on the Fill icon

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on the far-left side of the Control Panel,

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and I'll change the fill
color to, let's say,

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this shade of purple here
inside of this swatch group.

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And we can now see that purple
showing through the holes

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in the heart.

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And that, for better or worse,

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is how you draw straight
and perpendicular segments

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using the pencil tool
here inside Illustrator.