1
00:00:00.04 --> 00:00:02.07
- In this movie, I'll show
you how to create cusp points

2
00:00:02.07 --> 00:00:05.01
with the Pen Tool, which
are corners between

3
00:00:05.01 --> 00:00:07.04
two curving segments, or a curving segment

4
00:00:07.04 --> 00:00:08.09
and a straight one.

5
00:00:08.09 --> 00:00:10.06
Alright, I'm going to
start off by turning off

6
00:00:10.06 --> 00:00:12.09
this more smooth layer,
and then I'll alt click,

7
00:00:12.09 --> 00:00:14.09
or option click on the little page icon,

8
00:00:14.09 --> 00:00:16.08
at the bottom of the Layers panel.

9
00:00:16.08 --> 00:00:18.04
I'll name this layer cusp points,

10
00:00:18.04 --> 00:00:20.04
and I'll change its color to orange.

11
00:00:20.04 --> 00:00:22.01
And then I'll click OK.

12
00:00:22.01 --> 00:00:24.05
Alright, now before I show
you how to draw a cusp point,

13
00:00:24.05 --> 00:00:27.02
which by the way, short
story, you alt drag,

14
00:00:27.02 --> 00:00:29.04
or option drag with the Pen Tool.

15
00:00:29.04 --> 00:00:30.09
I want to show you what it looks like.

16
00:00:30.09 --> 00:00:33.03
So I'll go ahead and
select the Ellipse Tool,

17
00:00:33.03 --> 00:00:34.04
and I'm going to shift drag,

18
00:00:34.04 --> 00:00:36.07
in order to create a circle like so.

19
00:00:36.07 --> 00:00:38.06
And now, I'll press the
v key to switch back

20
00:00:38.06 --> 00:00:40.05
to the black Arrow Tool, and I'll go ahead

21
00:00:40.05 --> 00:00:42.04
and drag this guy over to the right,

22
00:00:42.04 --> 00:00:44.05
while pressing the shift and alt keys.

23
00:00:44.05 --> 00:00:47.00
Those are the shift and
option keys on a Mac.

24
00:00:47.00 --> 00:00:49.02
The shift key is constraining
the angle of my drag,

25
00:00:49.02 --> 00:00:52.03
the alt or option key, is making a copy.

26
00:00:52.03 --> 00:00:54.01
Alright, now I'll go ahead and shift click

27
00:00:54.01 --> 00:00:56.04
on the first shapes, so both are selected.

28
00:00:56.04 --> 00:00:58.06
And then, I'll get my Shape Builder Tool,

29
00:00:58.06 --> 00:01:00.05
which, if you changed
your keyboard shortcuts

30
00:01:00.05 --> 00:01:02.07
a couple of chapters ago, you can also get

31
00:01:02.07 --> 00:01:04.03
by pressing the l key.

32
00:01:04.03 --> 00:01:06.06
And then I want you to alt or option drag

33
00:01:06.06 --> 00:01:09.09
inside these two regions,
to subtract them away.

34
00:01:09.09 --> 00:01:12.09
And now I'm going to zoom
in on my shape like so

35
00:01:12.09 --> 00:01:15.09
and I'll press the a key to
switch to the white Arrow Tool

36
00:01:15.09 --> 00:01:17.08
and I'll click on this point right there.

37
00:01:17.08 --> 00:01:21.05
And notice, that it does
have two control handles

38
00:01:21.05 --> 00:01:23.02
just like a smooth point,

39
00:01:23.02 --> 00:01:25.05
but they're independent of each other.

40
00:01:25.05 --> 00:01:27.08
So I can move them
around as much as I want,

41
00:01:27.08 --> 00:01:30.07
which means that instead
of getting a smooth arc

42
00:01:30.07 --> 00:01:35.01
at this point, I end up with
a corner known as a cusp.

43
00:01:35.01 --> 00:01:36.04
Alright, I'm going to go ahead

44
00:01:36.04 --> 00:01:38.05
and move these guys inward a little bit.

45
00:01:38.05 --> 00:01:41.04
And then, I'll press ctrl, zero,
or command, zero, on a Mac,

46
00:01:41.04 --> 00:01:43.04
in order to center my zoom.

47
00:01:43.04 --> 00:01:45.07
Alright, so let's say I
want to draw the shape

48
00:01:45.07 --> 00:01:48.02
of an eye, using my Pen Tool.

49
00:01:48.02 --> 00:01:50.00
I'll go ahead and get
the pen, which of course,

50
00:01:50.00 --> 00:01:52.01
I can get by pressing the p key.

51
00:01:52.01 --> 00:01:55.03
And then I'll draw my
first smooth point like so.

52
00:01:55.03 --> 00:01:57.01
So that's how you start things off.

53
00:01:57.01 --> 00:01:58.06
And then I'll create another smooth point

54
00:01:58.06 --> 00:01:59.09
up at the top here.

55
00:01:59.09 --> 00:02:02.07
I might use the spacebar to
get it into a better position

56
00:02:02.07 --> 00:02:04.03
and then I'll press the
shift key to constrain

57
00:02:04.03 --> 00:02:06.06
the angle of my control handles,

58
00:02:06.06 --> 00:02:08.08
so that they're exactly horizontal.

59
00:02:08.08 --> 00:02:10.00
Then I'll create a new smooth point

60
00:02:10.00 --> 00:02:11.08
over at this location here.

61
00:02:11.08 --> 00:02:13.08
And so once you get the
opposite control handle

62
00:02:13.08 --> 00:02:16.02
into the desired position,
you press and hold

63
00:02:16.02 --> 00:02:18.07
the alt key, or the option key on a Mac,

64
00:02:18.07 --> 00:02:20.03
to move the control handle

65
00:02:20.03 --> 00:02:22.07
under your cursor independently.

66
00:02:22.07 --> 00:02:24.06
Alright, now I'll just go
ahead and create another

67
00:02:24.06 --> 00:02:26.03
smooth point like so.

68
00:02:26.03 --> 00:02:29.01
And now, instead of
dragging to close my shape,

69
00:02:29.01 --> 00:02:31.09
I'll press and hold the alt
key, or the option key on a Mac,

70
00:02:31.09 --> 00:02:34.02
and notice, that moves the
opposite control handle,

71
00:02:34.02 --> 00:02:36.00
and now I'm seeing nothing.

72
00:02:36.00 --> 00:02:38.06
Nothing whatsoever, under my cursor.

73
00:02:38.06 --> 00:02:40.02
And that's just the way things work

74
00:02:40.02 --> 00:02:42.08
when you're drawing cusp
points with the Pen Tool.

75
00:02:42.08 --> 00:02:45.06
Alright, now I might modify
my shape a little bit

76
00:02:45.06 --> 00:02:47.07
by ctrl dragging, or command dragging

77
00:02:47.07 --> 00:02:49.06
this guy outward like so.

78
00:02:49.06 --> 00:02:51.06
And then I'll turn the shape into an eye,

79
00:02:51.06 --> 00:02:53.08
by selecting the Ellipse
Tool, and then I'll

80
00:02:53.08 --> 00:02:56.07
just draw a big ellipse
for the iris right there.

81
00:02:56.07 --> 00:02:59.01
And I'll go ahead and shift, alt, click,

82
00:02:59.01 --> 00:03:00.05
or shift, option, click,

83
00:03:00.05 --> 00:03:03.00
anywhere on that first path to select.

84
00:03:03.00 --> 00:03:04.07
Just one segment is enough.

85
00:03:04.07 --> 00:03:07.03
And now, I'll select my Shape
Builder Tool once again,

86
00:03:07.03 --> 00:03:10.01
and I'll click inside the eye right there.

87
00:03:10.01 --> 00:03:11.03
That's all you have to do.

88
00:03:11.03 --> 00:03:12.06
And then you can press the v key

89
00:03:12.06 --> 00:03:14.03
to switch back to the black Arrow Tool.

90
00:03:14.03 --> 00:03:16.01
Click off the shapes to deselect them,

91
00:03:16.01 --> 00:03:18.06
then click on this guy and
shift, click, on this guy,

92
00:03:18.06 --> 00:03:21.01
and press the backspace key,
or the delete key on a Mac,

93
00:03:21.01 --> 00:03:25.01
in order to make that, albeit
very primitive looking eye.

94
00:03:25.01 --> 00:03:27.09
Alright, you can also
alt drag after the fact.

95
00:03:27.09 --> 00:03:29.03
And to see what that looks like,

96
00:03:29.03 --> 00:03:31.08
I'll return to the Pen
Tool and I'm going to draw

97
00:03:31.08 --> 00:03:35.05
an equally primitive heart,
by dragging up right there.

98
00:03:35.05 --> 00:03:38.06
Then I'll drag down while
pressing the shift key,

99
00:03:38.06 --> 00:03:40.04
right about there I figure.

100
00:03:40.04 --> 00:03:42.05
And I might want to reposition
that point a little bit

101
00:03:42.05 --> 00:03:44.02
by spacebar dragging.

102
00:03:44.02 --> 00:03:47.00
Alright, and then, I'm going to drag down

103
00:03:47.00 --> 00:03:48.01
from this location.

104
00:03:48.01 --> 00:03:50.00
Actually, I think I'll press the shift key

105
00:03:50.00 --> 00:03:52.09
and create the control
handles diagonally like so.

106
00:03:52.09 --> 00:03:54.06
And now, I'll go ahead and press the a key

107
00:03:54.06 --> 00:03:56.09
to switch to my white Arrow
Tool for just a moment.

108
00:03:56.09 --> 00:04:00.00
And I'll drag that guy down
and I'll drag this one up.

109
00:04:00.00 --> 00:04:02.05
I do want this heart to look fairly good.

110
00:04:02.05 --> 00:04:03.08
Alright, now I'm going to press the p key

111
00:04:03.08 --> 00:04:05.04
to switch back to the Pen Tool.

112
00:04:05.04 --> 00:04:07.09
You can see, that I've got a smooth point,

113
00:04:07.09 --> 00:04:11.01
but I can change it to a cusp,
just by pressing the alt key,

114
00:04:11.01 --> 00:04:12.04
or the option key on the Mac,

115
00:04:12.04 --> 00:04:14.09
and dragging from that point once again.

116
00:04:14.09 --> 00:04:16.09
And if I press the shift key as well,

117
00:04:16.09 --> 00:04:18.04
is the alt or option key,

118
00:04:18.04 --> 00:04:20.01
then I'm not only going
to create a cusp point

119
00:04:20.01 --> 00:04:21.09
but I'm going to constrain the angle

120
00:04:21.09 --> 00:04:23.06
of this independent control handle

121
00:04:23.06 --> 00:04:25.05
to the nearest 45 degrees.

122
00:04:25.05 --> 00:04:27.09
Alright, now I'm going to drag up like so,

123
00:04:27.09 --> 00:04:29.09
in order to create another smooth point,

124
00:04:29.09 --> 00:04:31.09
over here on the left-hand side.

125
00:04:31.09 --> 00:04:33.04
I might want it to be a little bit higher,

126
00:04:33.04 --> 00:04:35.02
so I'll release the shift key for a moment

127
00:04:35.02 --> 00:04:37.02
so I can just use the spacebar.

128
00:04:37.02 --> 00:04:41.01
And then, let's say I start
dragging, at this location.

129
00:04:41.01 --> 00:04:43.06
Well, in that case, I'm
going to make a smooth point

130
00:04:43.06 --> 00:04:45.08
and it's going to be a mess,
as we're seeing right here.

131
00:04:45.08 --> 00:04:47.09
I'm messing up the shape in another words.

132
00:04:47.09 --> 00:04:49.06
So, if that becomes an issue,

133
00:04:49.06 --> 00:04:51.01
you don't have to start over again.

134
00:04:51.01 --> 00:04:53.08
You can just go ahead and
move your cursor back up,

135
00:04:53.08 --> 00:04:55.07
so that the control
handle under your cursor

136
00:04:55.07 --> 00:04:57.01
is in the right location.

137
00:04:57.01 --> 00:05:00.03
And then, press the alt key,
or the option key on a Mac.

138
00:05:00.03 --> 00:05:02.07
And move the other control handle

139
00:05:02.07 --> 00:05:04.07
that is not under your cursor,

140
00:05:04.07 --> 00:05:06.08
into the desired position,

141
00:05:06.08 --> 00:05:09.05
which should be around
here, it seems like,

142
00:05:09.05 --> 00:05:11.06
it's just that I need
to ctrl or command drag

143
00:05:11.06 --> 00:05:13.02
this control handle upward,

144
00:05:13.02 --> 00:05:15.03
to make things look a little bit better.

145
00:05:15.03 --> 00:05:17.08
Alright, now so far all of our cusp points

146
00:05:17.08 --> 00:05:19.05
have occurred at the intersection

147
00:05:19.05 --> 00:05:21.00
of two curving segments.

148
00:05:21.00 --> 00:05:23.00
What if you want to add
in a straight segment.

149
00:05:23.00 --> 00:05:25.05
Well, just go ahead and
draw a few points here,

150
00:05:25.05 --> 00:05:27.00
a few smooth points.

151
00:05:27.00 --> 00:05:28.09
And let's say I want to
end this shape right here,

152
00:05:28.09 --> 00:05:31.08
after auto-scrolling,
with a straight segment.

153
00:05:31.08 --> 00:05:33.02
Then I don't have to alt click.

154
00:05:33.02 --> 00:05:35.04
That is an option, but you
just don't have to do it.

155
00:05:35.04 --> 00:05:37.04
Just click, on that segment,

156
00:05:37.04 --> 00:05:40.01
in order to sever away
the other control handle,

157
00:05:40.01 --> 00:05:42.00
and then click up here

158
00:05:42.00 --> 00:05:45.00
to sever its extra control handle as well.

159
00:05:45.00 --> 00:05:46.04
Now, another way to work,

160
00:05:46.04 --> 00:05:48.04
is to draw the straight segment first.

161
00:05:48.04 --> 00:05:51.07
So I could click here, and
then click up here someplace,

162
00:05:51.07 --> 00:05:55.04
and now if I drag after
creating that straight segment,

163
00:05:55.04 --> 00:05:57.04
I will draw forth a control handle.

164
00:05:57.04 --> 00:06:00.04
And then I can draw another
smooth point down here,

165
00:06:00.04 --> 00:06:02.08
and finish it off by dragging,

166
00:06:02.08 --> 00:06:05.03
in order to maintain two control handles

167
00:06:05.03 --> 00:06:07.08
for this final curving segment.

168
00:06:07.08 --> 00:06:09.05
So the moral of the story here,

169
00:06:09.05 --> 00:06:11.04
is that you can create cusp points,

170
00:06:11.04 --> 00:06:14.04
either by alt dragging with the Pen Tool,

171
00:06:14.04 --> 00:06:17.09
or by clicking, if you want
to add a straight segment.

172
00:06:17.09 --> 00:06:20.09
But, you need to make sure that
all of your curving segments

173
00:06:20.09 --> 00:06:25.01
have two control handles,
or just leave them straight,

174
00:06:25.01 --> 00:06:27.05
with no control handles at all.

175
00:06:27.05 --> 00:06:30.02
And that friends, is how
you create and modify

176
00:06:30.02 --> 00:06:34.02
cusp points, here, inside Illustrator.