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- In this movie, just for fun,

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I'll show you how to
combine a dotted outline

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along with a circle to create
this quick and dirty gear.

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But the thing about this
gear is that it's perfect

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in that it has exactly
20 equally sized teeth,

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as well as 20 equally sized grooves.

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So the first step is to go
ahead and create a circle

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and I'll do that by
selecting the Ellipse tool

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from the Shape tool fly out menu.

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And then I want you to
position your cursor

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on the intersection of
those two guidelines.

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Press the alt key or the
option key on the Mac

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and drag outwards.

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And then as you're dragging,
go ahead and add the shift key

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as well, so that you have both
the shift and alt keys down.

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Those would be the shift
and option keys on the Mac

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until you see a width and
height value of 500 pt each,

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at which point you can
go ahead and release

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in order to create that circle.

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All right, now I want to
assign a fill to the path,

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and so I'll click on
the first swatch up here

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in the control panel
and I'll select black.

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And then I'll also change
the stroke to white,

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just so we have a lot of contrast here,

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by clicking on the second swatch

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and choosing white from the pop-up panel.

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All right, now I'm going to
change the line weight to 50 pt,

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so that we have some big huge dots.

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Problem is they're packed
too closely together.

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So I'll click on the word Stroke,

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and I'll drop down to the gap value,

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and I'll pres shift + up arrow

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in order to move those circles apart,

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until I get a value of 70 points like so.

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Now for whatever reason,

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Illustrator has gone ahead
and selected the first icon,

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that is, it's preserving the
exact dash and gap links.

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And as a result, we have a couple of dots

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overlapping each other.

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I can solve that problem by
clicking on the line icon,

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but that's not necessarily
going to give me

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the effect I want.

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I am seeing a circle right
at this location here

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on the right-hand side, but I want to see

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a groove aligned the top of the shape,

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as well as exactly aligned,
not nearly aligned,

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with this left-hand
point and exactly aligned

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with the bottom as well, as we're seeing

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in the final version of the gear.

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And that means I need to be more specific

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about that gap value.

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And so let's say I want
a total of 20 grooves

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around the entire circle.

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And the reason 20 is a great number

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is because the circle is
divided into four quadrants,

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at least where these anchor
points are concerned.

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And 20 is divisible by
four, so you can go 16 or 12

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or something like that instead,

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but I'm going to go with 20.

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Now the thing is, in order
to figure out exactly

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what this gap value needs to be,

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I need to figure out the
circumference of this circle,

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and that means I've got to
engage in a little bit of math,

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and not the easy kind of arithmetic math,

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but the fairly scary
kind of geometry math.

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And in fact, any time you're
trying to figure out a circle,

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you've got to engage with pi.

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And specifically, the
equation we're looking for

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is C, which is the circumference,

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equals two times pi times r.

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And r is the radius by the way,

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which is half of the diameter.

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So right now, we have a
circle with a 500 pt diameter.

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That means it has a 250 pt radius.

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Now this might be pretty darn daunting

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and you may have already stopped
the movie for all I know,

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but fortunately, there's this
thing called the Internet

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that does math for you.

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And so I'm going to go
ahead and switch over

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to a web browser.

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And notice that I've done a search

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for a circumference calculator.

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For this one, I just need to
enter the radius of the circle

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and so I'm going to
click inside this field

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and enter half of that
diameter, which is 250,

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and I don't even care if it's
points or what the units are.

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All I have to do is enter 250

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and then click on the Calculate button,

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and I get this insane number here,

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which is 1570.796,

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is good enough.

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We can rule out the rest of those digits.

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So I'll just go ahead and
write that number down

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on a piece of paper and
then I'll switch back over

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to Illustrator.

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I'll return to my illustration
in progress right here,

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and I'll click on the word Stroke

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in order to bring up that Stroke panel,

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and I'm going to change the gap value

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to that circumference number
that we just figured out,

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1570.796.

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And instead of leaving it at that value,

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which actually wouldn't
work, because currently,

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the maximum gap value is 1000 points.

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I'm going to enter /20,

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so I'm going to divide that value,

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the entire perimeter of the circle,

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we're going to divide it by 20

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because that's how many grooves we want.

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At which point, I'll press the enter key,

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or the return key on the Mac,

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in order to apply that change.

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And you can see that we now have exactly

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one, two, three, four, five grooves

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per quadrant, or a total
of 20 grooves in all.

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And we have now done
our math so impeccably

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that it doesn't matter
which of the alignment icons

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we click on here inside the Stroke panel.

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You can either click on
preserve exact values,

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or click on align, and you'll
get the exact same result.

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All right, now we need to take advantage

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of a couple of commands
that we haven't seen before.

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First, you go up to the Object menu,

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choose Path and then
choose Outline Stroke.

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And that will draw path
outlines around all the strokes

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as we're seeing here.

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And now I want to subtract
those white circles

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from the big black circle,

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and the easiest way to do that
is to go to the Window menu

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and choose the Pathfinder command,

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which will bring up the Pathfinder panel,

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and this panel is so great
that I devote an entire chapter

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to it in the advanced course.

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But for now, just go ahead
and click on the second icon

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in the first row, Minus Front.

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And that will subtract
the white circles away.

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All right, now we need to carve
a circle out of the center

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of the gear, and we'll
do that, once again,

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using the Ellipse tool.

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And so I'll go ahead
and press the alt key,

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or the option key on the Mac,

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and drag out from the center,

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while pressing the shift key as well,

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so I've got both the
shift and alt keys down,

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that's shift and option on the Mac,

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until I get width and
height values of 300 pt.

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And now, to carve that
circle out of the gear,

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go ahead and switch back
to the Black Arrow tool,

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which you can get by pressing the V key,

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partially marquee those shapes,

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but don't marquee the
center because you'll end up

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selecting that rectangle
from the previous movie.

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And then go to the Object
menu, choose Compound Path

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and choose Make, and
that'll cut that circle

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out of the center.

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All right, now I want
to create a copy of it

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by pressing ctrl + c, ctrl + f,

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that would be cmd + c, cmd + f on the Mac,

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and you can see that we
now have a duplicate.

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Go and put it back where it was though.

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And now I'll click on the fill swatch

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up here in the control panel,

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and I'll select this brighter orange,

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which is R=251 G=176 B=59.

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And now I'll set the line weight to 4 pt.

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For some reason, that
gives me a white stroke,

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which is, of course, not what I want,

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so I'll go ahead and click on
that white swatch right there

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and I'll change it to black in
order to produce this effect.

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All right, now I'll
press shift + up arrow,

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shift + right arrow in
order to offset that gear

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up into the right.

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And then I'll marquee both
the gear and its shadow

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and press shift + down
arrow, shift + left arrow

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in order to put them
back where they belong.

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And now I'll click off the
shapes in order to deselect them,

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and I'll turn off the guides layer

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so that we can see the
gear and its dotted outline

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all by themselves.

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And that's how you combine a
dotted outline with a circle

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to create a quick and dirty
gear here inside illustrator.