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- [Instructor] In this movie,



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I'll introduce you to the blend modes.



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Now, most folks get

opacity pretty quickly.



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It's pretty darn easy, after all.



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They tend to have a harder

time with blend modes.



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But blend modes are just another method



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for reducing the translucency

of the selected object,



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and thereby mixing it with the

colors of the objects below.



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But instead of using very simple math,



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the way that opacity does,



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they use slightly more

complicated formulas.



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Now, it's not the least bit

important that you understand



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what those formulas are,

just important you understand



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the basics of how blend modes work.



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And so I'm going to

start off by clicking on



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this woman's head here, in

order to select that mast image.



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And I'm going to hide the selection edges,



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just cause they're ultimately

going to get in our way,



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by pressing CTRL + H, or

Command + H on the Mac.



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Now there's a couple of different ways



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to get to blend modes.



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One is, you've got this pop-up menu,



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here in the Transparency Panel,



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even when it's collapsed,

as we're seeing here.



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And notice that the blend

modes start off with Normal.



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Normal is actually no blend mode.



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It turns the blend mode off.



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And then we've got a bunch of blend modes



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starting with Darken

and ending Luminosity.



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Every one of them does

something different.



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That doesn't mean that

they're all uniformly good.



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It just means that each one is unique.



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The other way to work is to

go up to the Opacity option,



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if you see it up here

in the Control Panel,



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it does shift around quite a bit.



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And if you click on it, you'll

bring up that pop-up panel,



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and then you can click on the

word Normal up here as well.



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That's how I'm going to

work, throughout this movie,



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just because that way the blend

mode menu is out of the way.



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Now, notice how the blend modes



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are organized into five groups.



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Starting with these three right here,



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so Darken, Multiply and Color Burn.



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Those are the darkening

modes, as we'll see.



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Then we have Lighten,

Screen and Color Dodge.



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Those are the lightening modes.



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They're all opposites of the first three.



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Then we have Overlay,

Soft Light and Hard Light.



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They basically combine

darkening and lightening



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to create an enhanced contrast effect.



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Then we have Difference and Exclusion.



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They're the inversion modes.



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We'll see what that means.



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And then we have Hue,

Saturation, Color and Luminosity.



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They take advantage of the

various HSL properties.



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Alright, so we're going

to start off with Darken.



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Darken is going to use the

selected object, in this case,



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our placed image to darken

everything behind it.



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And it's going to do so absolutely.



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So, in other words, if

part of the selected object



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is darker than it's background, we see it.



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If not, we don't.



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We end up seeing the background instead.



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Which is why all the

bright stuff in her face



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is turning transparent, so that we can see



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through to the purple gradient.



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And, so, notice that

we keep all the blacks,



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but we lose white.



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White absolutely disappears,

and the other colors disappear



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depending on their brightness,

with the brighter colors



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being more likely to disappear entirely.



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If you want to amp up the effect,



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that is create a higher contrast effect,



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then you can drop down to Color Burn.



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Notice that that increases

the saturation values.



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It also results in some

weird abhorrent colors.



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Her formerly green eyes have turned blue.



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And the shadow detail is

turning absolutely black.



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A lot of that has to do with



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the darkness of the

background, incidentally.



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But notice that we're

getting a very sharp effect.



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So, both Darken and Color

Burn are sharp effects.



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If you want something that's smoother,



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and by the way, almost always better,



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then you want Multiply, which

is the good darkening mode.



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And notice that we get some very,



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very smooth transitions here.



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But we are using the

image to absolutely darken



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the gradient in the background.



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And we are losing all of the whites,



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whites entirely disappear,



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and everything else uniformly darkens.



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And so, the analogy is that

you take the selected image or



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object, and you print it on a

piece of transparent acetate.



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And then you print everything

else on another transparency,



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and you put them on top of

each other on a light table,



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and this is the effect that you get.



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So, the light has to go

through both images before



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it reaches your eyes, which

is why everything darkens.



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It's a great shadow effect.



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So, basically the moral of the story is



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Darken and Color Burn,

never going to use them.



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You can completely forget

about them if you want to.



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Multiply, you're going to end

up using on a regular basis.



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Alright, now let's drop

down to the Screen modes



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and it works just the same way.



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So, Lighten creates this

really choppy effect.



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Notice that the blacks entirely disappear,



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so we have this kind of

floating head effect,



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because her head is mounted

on a black collar as well.



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But we're either keeping colors or not.



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So, if they're brighter in the

face, then they're visible.



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If they're not brighter,

then they drop away



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and we see the background instead.



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So, again, we get harsh transitions,



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Lighten is the opposite of Darken.



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If you want to amp up the effect,

you switch to Color Dodge,



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which, as you might guess, is

the opposite of Color Burn.



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And so I'll go ahead and choose it,



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and notice we get these blown highlights,



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that is to say large areas

turn absolutely white.



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And then the shadows end up giving us



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these very saturated abhorrent colors.



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So, the oranges are now turning hot pink.



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Again, you're rarely going

to use either of these modes.



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The one that you will use, very

likely on a frequent basis,



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is Screen, which is going to

give you these nice smooth, soft



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transitions, and it creates

something analogous to



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the big Wizard of Oz head

in the original movie.



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And it looks absolutely great.



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Now, we are once again

dropping out the blacks,



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as with any of those Lighten modes.



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But we're getting great,

smooth transitions,



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and we're not blowing any highlights.



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So, even though these two modes names are



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quite different from each other,



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they are opposites in

terms of their effect.



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Now, Screen doesn't actually

divide or anything like that,



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and it's really not important that



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you understand the math behind it.



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But it's analogous to taking

two images in different slide



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projectors, so the face in

one slide projector and the



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gradient in another, and shining

them onto the same screen,



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so that everything uniformly brightens.



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Moral of the story, forget

about Lighten and Color Dodge,



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remember that the lightening mode you want



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on a regular basis is Screen.



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Alright, that takes care of

the first six blend modes,



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including the two most

important ones of all,



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Multiply and Screen.



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We'll take a look at the

remaining blend modes



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in the next movie.