1 00:00:00,000 --> 00:00:10,639 Here are the next two vowel sounds 2 00:00:00,000 --> 00:00:10,639 we're going to target /i:/ as in 'leave' and 3 00:00:10,639 --> 00:00:22,199 /e/ as in 'let'. So the first thing you may 4 00:00:10,639 --> 00:00:22,199 have noticed about these two sounds is 5 00:00:22,199 --> 00:00:31,309 that the first one is long and the 6 00:00:22,199 --> 00:00:31,309 second one is short. The first vowel /i:/ 7 00:00:31,309 --> 00:00:41,730 as in 'leave'. You can hear it's longer than 8 00:00:31,309 --> 00:00:41,730 normal /i:/ /i:/ Look at the shape of the 9 00:00:41,730 --> 00:00:49,789 mouth: it's wide. When we utter this 10 00:00:41,730 --> 00:00:49,789 sound, your mouth should be widened /i:/ 11 00:00:49,789 --> 00:00:58,050 leave. OK, now compare that with the 12 00:00:49,789 --> 00:00:58,050 short one: /e/ you can hear it's very very 13 00:00:58,050 --> 00:01:09,770 short /e/ /e/. However it's similar in that 14 00:00:58,050 --> 00:01:09,770 the shape of the mouth is also wide /e/ 15 00:01:09,770 --> 00:01:19,700 let. Can you see the mouth? /e/ /e/. It's 16 00:01:09,770 --> 00:01:19,700 quite wide, similar to the first sound /i:/ 17 00:01:19,700 --> 00:01:28,560 /e/ /i:/ /e/ so the shape of the mouth is 18 00:01:19,700 --> 00:01:28,560 very similar. The difference is one is 19 00:01:28,560 --> 00:01:35,700 long, the other is very very short. 20 00:01:28,560 --> 00:01:35,700 Now let's go to the target sound 21 00:01:35,700 --> 00:01:45,060 practice for the first sound /i:/ the long 22 00:01:35,700 --> 00:01:45,060 vowel sound. Look at the symbol on the 23 00:01:45,060 --> 00:01:51,780 left. You can notice that the symbol 24 00:01:45,060 --> 00:01:51,780 is the letter 'i' with a colon, the two 25 00:01:51,780 --> 00:01:58,460 dots. The two dots in the IPA 26 00:01:51,780 --> 00:01:58,460 alphabet, which is the pronunciation 27 00:01:58,460 --> 00:02:11,039 alphabet, means that it's a long sound. So 28 00:01:58,460 --> 00:02:11,039 the two dots represent a long sound /i:/ 29 00:02:11,039 --> 00:02:25,330 I'd like you to listen 30 00:02:11,039 --> 00:02:25,330 and repeat each word after me. Meat. Free. 31 00:02:25,930 --> 00:02:47,620 See. Agree. Chinese. Please. Magazine. Nineteen. 32 00:02:48,220 --> 00:02:57,800 People. Did you notice the spelling? Make sure 33 00:02:57,800 --> 00:03:05,320 you start to notice the patterns in the 34 00:02:57,800 --> 00:03:05,320 spelling between the different sounds. 35 00:03:05,320 --> 00:03:13,870 This sound /i:/, the long vowel sound, very 36 00:03:05,320 --> 00:03:13,870 often has the spelling E-E for example 37 00:03:13,870 --> 00:03:26,420 'free' F-R-E-E or 'seen' S-E-E-N. So just start to notice some of these spelling 38 00:03:26,420 --> 00:03:33,080 patterns because some of the patterns 39 00:03:26,420 --> 00:03:33,080 are very often represented by the same 40 00:03:33,080 --> 00:03:41,120 sound. Not always, but very often. Just 41 00:03:33,080 --> 00:03:41,120 keep this in mind. Now let's move on to 42 00:03:41,120 --> 00:03:49,300 the second target sound practice. We're 43 00:03:41,120 --> 00:03:49,300 going to focus on the short vowel /e/ 44 00:03:49,300 --> 00:03:56,750 Remember this is much much shorter than the first sound. The mouth is wide, just 45 00:03:56,750 --> 00:04:02,990 like the first sound but it's much 46 00:03:56,750 --> 00:04:02,990 shorter /e/ it's just a burst of air /e/ 47 00:04:02,990 --> 00:04:11,270 as in 'let'. So let's look at the target 48 00:04:02,990 --> 00:04:11,270 sound practice word list. Notice the 49 00:04:11,270 --> 00:04:17,780 symbol on the left. It's simply the 50 00:04:11,270 --> 00:04:17,780 letter 'e'. This symbol represents the 51 00:04:17,780 --> 00:04:25,520 sound /e/ in English. It's different 52 00:04:17,780 --> 00:04:25,520 from the alphabet don't forget this. The 53 00:04:25,520 --> 00:04:34,790 alphabet (ABCDE) is just how we spell words. The symbol on the left is 'e' but this is 54 00:04:34,790 --> 00:04:41,750 representing a sound, not a spelling. Just keep this in mind. Listen and 55 00:04:41,750 --> 00:04:45,729 repeat after me. 56 00:04:46,090 --> 00:05:07,600 Pet. Head. Except. Protect. Many. Excellent. 57 00:05:08,650 --> 00:05:25,240 Energy. Anything. Bread. Did you notice 58 00:05:08,650 --> 00:05:25,240 the spelling? Very often for the sound /e/ 59 00:05:25,240 --> 00:05:35,570 we have the letter 'e' representing it. For 60 00:05:25,240 --> 00:05:35,570 example 'pet' P-E-T, pet. Sometimes we have 61 00:05:35,570 --> 00:05:45,740 the letter 'a' representing this sound. For 62 00:05:35,570 --> 00:05:45,740 example 'many' M-A-N-Y, many. But 63 00:05:45,740 --> 00:05:53,570 sometimes it's different. The letter 'a' 64 00:05:45,740 --> 00:05:53,570 can also represent other sounds. 65 00:05:53,570 --> 00:06:00,500 Just start to notice that the spelling 66 00:05:53,570 --> 00:06:00,500 in English doesn't always represent the 67 00:06:00,500 --> 00:06:06,530 same sound. There are different 68 00:06:00,500 --> 00:06:06,530 sounds that can be represented by the 69 00:06:06,530 --> 00:06:15,370 same spelling. Now this is an important 70 00:06:06,530 --> 00:06:15,370 part of these lectures: the minimal pairs. 71 00:06:15,370 --> 00:06:24,370 Let's move on to the minimal pairs for /i:/ 72 00:06:15,370 --> 00:06:24,370 and /e/. This will really start to help you 73 00:06:24,370 --> 00:06:31,580 distinguish the difference between the 74 00:06:24,370 --> 00:06:31,580 two sounds. So we have /i:/ on the left and 75 00:06:31,580 --> 00:06:38,540 /e/ on the right. Listen to each pair and repeat them 76 00:06:38,540 --> 00:06:58,480 after me. Meet, met. Seat, set. Cheek, check. 77 00:07:00,040 --> 00:07:21,830 Teen, ten. Feel, fell. Bean, Ben. I hope 78 00:07:00,040 --> 00:07:21,830 that has helped you to distinguish the 79 00:07:21,830 --> 00:07:29,240 two sounds. Remember when we're doing 80 00:07:21,830 --> 00:07:29,240 these exercises you can always pause the 81 00:07:29,240 --> 00:07:37,850 video to repeat after me and you can 82 00:07:29,240 --> 00:07:37,850 always go back again. Don't just complete 83 00:07:37,850 --> 00:07:43,280 the exercises once. You can do it two, 84 00:07:37,850 --> 00:07:43,280 three, four times, as many times as you 85 00:07:43,280 --> 00:07:49,840 wish so that you can really start to 86 00:07:43,280 --> 00:07:49,840 master the sounds both in listening and 87 00:07:49,840 --> 00:07:55,970 speaking. So it's important also 88 00:07:49,840 --> 00:07:55,970 when you're learning pronunciation to 89 00:07:55,970 --> 00:08:02,390 really master the listening part of the 90 00:07:55,970 --> 00:08:02,390 sounds as well as the pronunciation 91 00:08:02,390 --> 00:08:10,480 itself. Let's move on now to the 92 00:08:02,390 --> 00:08:10,480 sentences, a very important part as well 93 00:08:10,480 --> 00:08:17,860 because when you utter the sentence with the target sound, you're using it in 94 00:08:17,860 --> 00:08:27,680 context as well. Let's practice. Here 95 00:08:17,860 --> 00:08:27,680 are the target sounds in use. The first 96 00:08:27,680 --> 00:08:32,810 sentence is targeting the long vowel /i:/ 97 00:08:32,810 --> 00:08:42,740 Listen and repeat after me focusing on 98 00:08:32,810 --> 00:08:42,740 the target sound. Can you see the 99 00:08:42,740 --> 00:08:46,240 beautiful green leaves? 100 00:08:50,459 --> 00:08:56,139 OK well done. The second sentence is targeting the 101 00:08:56,139 --> 00:09:02,649 second sound, a shorter sound. Remember the mouth is wide, but the sound is much 102 00:09:02,649 --> 00:09:18,959 much shorter /e/. So listen and repeat. Theweather is getting better and better. And 103 00:09:18,959 --> 00:09:30,639 sentence three has a mix of the two 104 00:09:18,959 --> 00:09:30,639 sounds. Again listen and repeat. Have you 105 00:09:30,639 --> 00:09:46,120 ever been to Greece? It's an excellent 106 00:09:30,639 --> 00:09:46,120 place to see real history. So there we go. 107 00:09:46,120 --> 00:09:52,470 Remember now don't stop there: you can go back practice these exercises 108 00:09:52,470 --> 00:10:00,400 again and again. But also, move on to the extra resources that I provided for you. 109 00:10:00,400 --> 00:10:08,560 Download the MP3s, the PDFs as well. And watch the extra video so that you can 110 00:10:08,560 --> 00:10:17,540 see the shape of the mouth close up, and you can really start to mimic how I produce the sound myself. 111 00:10:17,540 --> 00:10:22,440 But importantly, I think most importantly, are the MP3s. 112 00:10:22,440 --> 00:10:28,580 Because with the MP3s, you can listen again and again and again. 113 00:10:28,580 --> 00:10:34,620 And you can repeat after me. Then you can really start to master the sound 114 00:10:34,620 --> 00:10:43,000 and improve day by day. So grab them right now, and I'll see you in the next lecture.