1 00:00:00,230 --> 00:00:14,219 The next two vowel sounds are // as in 'so' and // as in 'hot' 2 00:00:14,219 --> 00:00:21,350 There's a clear difference between these 3 00:00:14,219 --> 00:00:21,350 two vowel sounds. I'm sure you noticed it. 4 00:00:21,350 --> 00:00:29,820 The first one is two vowels 5 00:00:21,350 --> 00:00:29,820 pushed together as we've seen before. The 6 00:00:29,820 --> 00:00:40,290 second sound is very very short and very 7 00:00:29,820 --> 00:00:40,290 brief. So the first sound // // it's just 8 00:00:40,290 --> 00:00:48,030 like saying the letter 'o' in the alphabet. // so this is two vowels squeezed 9 00:00:48,030 --> 00:00:54,390 together and as we've seen before, when 10 00:00:48,030 --> 00:00:54,390 we have this kind of vowel the shape of 11 00:00:54,390 --> 00:01:02,750 the mouth changes when you utter the 12 00:00:54,390 --> 00:01:02,750 sound. So first the mouth is relaxed and 13 00:01:02,750 --> 00:01:10,710 then it's rounded. Notice the shape of my 14 00:01:02,750 --> 00:01:10,710 mouth // // 15 00:01:10,710 --> 00:01:17,310 It starts relaxed just like this. 16 00:01:10,710 --> 00:01:17,310 And then it turns into a rounded shape 17 00:01:17,310 --> 00:01:34,740 like // // so so. The second vowel, 18 00:01:17,310 --> 00:01:34,740 the short one, // // the shape of the 19 00:01:34,740 --> 00:01:43,520 mouth is slightly rounded. Not very 20 00:01:34,740 --> 00:01:43,520 rounded but slightly rounded // // 21 00:01:43,880 --> 00:01:50,970 hot. Very good. So the second one is very 22 00:01:43,880 --> 00:01:50,970 very short, very brief. It's just a burst 23 00:01:50,970 --> 00:01:57,210 of air. As we've heard before in some 24 00:01:50,970 --> 00:01:57,210 other sounds, the air bursts out and 25 00:01:57,210 --> 00:02:08,190 stops. // OK, now let's start with the 26 00:01:57,210 --> 00:02:08,190 target sound practice for // the two 27 00:02:08,190 --> 00:02:14,189 sounds squeezed together. Remember the shape of the mouth: start relaxed 28 00:02:14,189 --> 00:02:19,200 and then move your mouth to a rounded 29 00:02:14,189 --> 00:02:19,200 shape. // 30 00:02:19,200 --> 00:02:30,450 As always notice the spelling and focus on the target sound. So listen and 31 00:02:30,450 --> 00:03:00,590 repeat each word after me. Go. Boat. Follow. Told. Most. Suppose. Hello. October. Window. 32 00:03:00,980 --> 00:03:07,799 OK, very very good. Now the second target sound. Remember, 33 00:03:07,799 --> 00:03:17,400 very very short // as in 'hot'. Notice the 34 00:03:07,799 --> 00:03:17,400 spelling as well. These two sounds 35 00:03:17,400 --> 00:03:24,810 very very often have the 'o' spelling in 36 00:03:17,400 --> 00:03:24,810 the words, so you have to be careful 37 00:03:24,810 --> 00:03:32,159 which one to use. After a while you'll 38 00:03:24,810 --> 00:03:32,159 start to notice which words have the // 39 00:03:32,159 --> 00:03:39,530 sound and which ones have the // sound, the shorter vowel. But notice the spelling as 40 00:03:39,530 --> 00:03:48,780 always. Look at this list and repeat each 41 00:03:39,530 --> 00:03:48,780 word after me. Remember to keep your lips 42 00:03:48,780 --> 00:03:57,030 not very round, slightly round. // // Very good. 43 00:03:57,030 --> 00:04:07,699 Now repeat each word after me. Not. Box. 44 00:04:08,239 --> 00:04:11,239 Want. 45 00:04:11,870 --> 00:04:34,010 Sorry. Popular. Washington. Cough. Horrible. Doctor. Just look at the spellings. 46 00:04:34,010 --> 00:04:39,979 I want to point out one thing. Usually 47 00:04:34,010 --> 00:04:39,979 the spelling for this sound is 'o' as you 48 00:04:39,979 --> 00:04:49,870 can see in examples like 'not' and 'box'. But sometimes the spelling, for example want, 49 00:04:49,870 --> 00:04:56,620 really doesn't match the sound. So 50 00:04:49,870 --> 00:04:56,620 English, as we've seen many many times, 51 00:04:56,620 --> 00:05:02,780 doesn't really have many fixed rules 52 00:04:56,620 --> 00:05:02,780 when it comes to spelling and sound 53 00:05:02,780 --> 00:05:08,840 relationship. You need to be very very 54 00:05:02,780 --> 00:05:08,840 careful which sounds you use for some 55 00:05:08,840 --> 00:05:15,770 spellings. So 'want' some people might be 56 00:05:08,840 --> 00:05:15,770 tempted to use the pronunciation 57 00:05:15,770 --> 00:05:25,400 /want/ which is wrong. Obviously we know it's an // sound /wnt/ So just keep this 58 00:05:25,400 --> 00:05:31,669 in mind: the relationship between 59 00:05:25,400 --> 00:05:31,669 spelling and sound in English is not so 60 00:05:31,669 --> 00:05:38,599 fixed. There are no rules actually. So very 61 00:05:31,669 --> 00:05:38,599 very good. Now let's look at the minimal 62 00:05:38,599 --> 00:05:48,289 pairs for this group of vowel sounds. On 63 00:05:38,599 --> 00:05:48,289 the left we have the //sounds and on the 64 00:05:48,289 --> 00:05:57,380 right we have the // sounds. So listen to 65 00:05:48,289 --> 00:05:57,380 each pair and repeat after me. Notice the 66 00:05:57,380 --> 00:06:12,520 difference between the two sounds. Coat, 67 00:05:57,380 --> 00:06:12,520 cut. Shown, shone. 68 00:06:13,749 --> 00:06:35,650 Soak, sock. Phoned, fond. Note, not. Road, rod. 69 00:06:36,219 --> 00:06:44,120 OK excellent, well done. Now make sure 70 00:06:36,219 --> 00:06:44,120 you take it slowly, don't rush these 71 00:06:44,120 --> 00:06:50,419 lectures and rush through every single 72 00:06:44,120 --> 00:06:50,419 sound in English. Take your time. 73 00:06:50,419 --> 00:06:56,810 That's why I broke down each lecture 74 00:06:50,419 --> 00:06:56,810 into two or three sounds so that you can 75 00:06:56,810 --> 00:07:04,639 keep focused on a small number and 76 00:06:56,810 --> 00:07:04,639 master these before you move on. So take 77 00:07:04,639 --> 00:07:10,729 your time, don't rush through to the next 78 00:07:04,639 --> 00:07:10,729 lecture. Try to master each sound first 79 00:07:10,729 --> 00:07:20,000 and then move on. Now let's look at the 80 00:07:10,729 --> 00:07:20,000 target sounds in use, in a real context 81 00:07:20,000 --> 00:07:29,509 with a sentence. The first sentence is 82 00:07:20,000 --> 00:07:29,509 targeting the // sound. Remember to move 83 00:07:29,509 --> 00:07:38,589 your lips. Start in a neutral position 84 00:07:29,509 --> 00:07:38,589 and finish with rounded lips // // 85 00:07:38,589 --> 00:07:48,819 So listen and repeat after me. 86 00:07:38,589 --> 00:07:48,819 Joe, let's go and see a show tomorrow. 87 00:07:51,039 --> 00:07:58,550 Sentence two. Let's focus on the //sound, the very short vowel sound. The lips 88 00:07:58,550 --> 00:08:09,189 remember are very slightly rounded. Do 89 00:07:58,550 --> 00:08:09,189 not put my teapot in the box. 90 00:08:10,930 --> 00:08:18,339 OK, now sentence three is a mix. Listen and repeat. 91 00:08:18,340 --> 00:08:28,660 John, please lock the safe box before you 92 00:08:18,340 --> 00:08:28,660 go home, OK? 93 00:08:29,600 --> 00:08:37,200 OK, fantastic. As always, check out the extra resources that I've provided for you. 94 00:08:37,200 --> 00:08:43,740 Download them and use them to master these two vowel sounds.