1 00:00:00,120 --> 00:00:15,599 The to target sounds in this lecture are // as in 'girl' and // as in short. So 2 00:00:15,599 --> 00:00:23,970 these two vowel sounds are both long 3 00:00:15,599 --> 00:00:23,970 vowel sounds. They're both long. Listen to 4 00:00:23,970 --> 00:00:34,890 the first sound // // It's quite long as you can hear. Now notice the shape of the 5 00:00:34,890 --> 00:00:40,230 mouth. The first one // the mouth is quite relaxed. 6 00:00:40,230 --> 00:00:52,489 It's not far open, it's not wide, it's not 7 00:00:40,230 --> 00:00:52,489 rounded, it's relaxed. // as in girl girl. 8 00:00:52,579 --> 00:00:59,550 However the second sound // Notice the 9 00:00:59,550 --> 00:01:02,789 shape of my mouth. Can you see? What shape is it? 10 00:01:02,789 --> 00:01:13,860 // as in shorts // The mouth and the 11 00:01:02,789 --> 00:01:13,860 lips are rounded. This is very important 12 00:01:13,860 --> 00:01:20,400 for producing this sound, the second 13 00:01:13,860 --> 00:01:20,400 sound // Look at the shape of my 14 00:01:20,400 --> 00:01:34,020 mouth again for both sounds. // girl and // shorts. Very important to produce 15 00:01:34,020 --> 00:01:41,990 the right shape for making the sounds. 16 00:01:34,020 --> 00:01:41,990 Now let's look at the target sound 17 00:01:41,990 --> 00:01:51,570 practice. Let me point something out 18 00:01:41,990 --> 00:01:51,570 before we start this.// and // very 19 00:01:51,570 --> 00:01:59,840 often produce sounds for the 'r' letter in English. For example 20 00:01:59,840 --> 00:02:11,099 short S-H-O-R-T. Again, we looked at the 21 00:01:59,840 --> 00:02:11,099 letter 'r' in a previous lecture and in 22 00:02:11,099 --> 00:02:18,120 some cases in British English 23 00:02:11,099 --> 00:02:18,120 the 'r' is not pronounced. These two vowel 24 00:02:18,120 --> 00:02:29,100 sounds replace the 'r' sound in many many words. The first vowel sound // girl. The 'r' 25 00:02:29,100 --> 00:02:39,780 in girl is not pronounced. In the second 26 00:02:29,100 --> 00:02:39,780 vowel sound // shorts. The 'r' in shorts is 27 00:02:39,780 --> 00:02:45,690 not pronounced either. Again, this is 28 00:02:39,780 --> 00:02:45,690 British English. In American English, the 29 00:02:45,690 --> 00:02:52,320 'r' is pronounced in these cases but in 30 00:02:45,690 --> 00:02:52,320 British English we simply use a long 31 00:02:52,320 --> 00:02:59,400 vowel sound instead of pronouncing the 'r'. When you look at this word list 32 00:02:59,400 --> 00:03:06,980 which is here right now, you will notice 33 00:02:59,400 --> 00:03:06,980 many many 'r' letters in the words and 34 00:03:06,980 --> 00:03:14,570 these are unpronounced. They're not 35 00:03:06,980 --> 00:03:14,570 pronounced. Instead we use this long 36 00:03:14,570 --> 00:03:42,620 vowel sound. So listen and repeat after 37 00:03:14,570 --> 00:03:42,620 me. Turn. Work. Burned. Heard. Return. Purple. 38 00:03:42,769 --> 00:03:53,040 Thirsty. World. Well done. Again, make 39 00:03:42,769 --> 00:03:53,040 sure you look at the spelling. This is 40 00:03:53,040 --> 00:04:01,080 key. Lots of those spellings contained 41 00:03:53,040 --> 00:04:01,080 the 'r' sound but in all the cases the 'r' 42 00:04:01,080 --> 00:04:10,500 is unpronounced because the 'r' comes 43 00:04:01,080 --> 00:04:10,500 before a consonant, a consonant 44 00:04:10,500 --> 00:04:22,109 sound or it comes at the end of a word like 'fur' F-U-R fur. So start to notice 45 00:04:22,109 --> 00:04:27,130 these patterns between the relationship 46 00:04:22,109 --> 00:04:27,130 of spelling 47 00:04:27,130 --> 00:04:38,920 and sound. Now let's look at the second 48 00:04:27,130 --> 00:04:38,920 target sound. The sound is // Remember 49 00:04:38,920 --> 00:04:47,380 the shape of the mouth, the lips are very 50 00:04:38,920 --> 00:04:47,380 very rounded// And it's a long sound. So 51 00:04:47,380 --> 00:05:10,260 let's start. Look at the words and repeat 52 00:04:47,380 --> 00:05:10,260 after me. Walk. For. Paw. Ball. Sport. 53 00:05:10,350 --> 00:05:26,320 Daughter. Morning. Reporter. Water. Well done. 54 00:05:26,320 --> 00:05:32,410 Did you notice the spellings in that 55 00:05:26,320 --> 00:05:32,410 word list? The spellings were actually 56 00:05:32,410 --> 00:05:38,170 not very regular. There are many many 57 00:05:32,410 --> 00:05:38,170 kinds of spellings representing the 58 00:05:38,170 --> 00:05:49,330 sound // for example walk W-A-L-K and 59 00:05:38,170 --> 00:05:49,330 four F-O-U-R 60 00:05:49,330 --> 00:05:55,170 Remember the 'r' at the end in English, 61 00:05:49,330 --> 00:05:55,170 in British English, is unpronounced. 62 00:05:55,170 --> 00:06:03,190 Another spelling P-A-W paw. For this 63 00:05:55,170 --> 00:06:03,190 particular sound there are many many 64 00:06:03,190 --> 00:06:10,510 different spellings. There's no real 65 00:06:03,190 --> 00:06:10,510 pattern. Sometimes, very often we have 'or' 66 00:06:10,510 --> 00:06:23,050 for example F-O-R for or morning M-O-R-N-I-N-G but apart from this rule there are many 67 00:06:23,050 --> 00:06:30,310 many different spellings for this sound. So just be aware of that. Now let's look 68 00:06:30,310 --> 00:06:39,100 at the minimal pairs for these two 69 00:06:30,310 --> 00:06:39,100 sounds. // is on the left and // is on the 70 00:06:39,100 --> 00:06:45,870 right. Listen to each pair and repeat. Shirts, 71 00:06:45,870 --> 00:07:22,660 shorts. Fur, four. Turn, torn. Burn, born. Hard, hoard. Working, walking. Well done. 72 00:07:22,660 --> 00:07:29,820 Excellent. I hope the sounds now are much clearer for you. Remember the first one // 73 00:07:29,820 --> 00:07:39,550 the mouth is relaxed, the second one // 74 00:07:29,820 --> 00:07:39,550 the mouth is rounded. Let's look at the 75 00:07:39,550 --> 00:07:48,900 target sounds in use now. The first 76 00:07:39,550 --> 00:07:48,900 sentence we're focusing on the // sound. 77 00:07:48,900 --> 00:08:05,110 Listen and repeat. The girl is working 78 00:07:48,900 --> 00:08:05,110 very early tomorrow. And sentence two. My 79 00:08:05,110 --> 00:08:15,340 four-year-old daughter Laura is 80 00:08:05,110 --> 00:08:15,340 talkative. And the third sentence with a 81 00:08:15,340 --> 00:08:22,660 mix of the two sounds. At four o'clock, 82 00:08:15,340 --> 00:08:22,660 let's go for a walk 83 00:08:22,660 --> 00:08:29,440 to see the early birds eating the worms. 84 00:08:30,000 --> 00:08:36,200 Well done, fantastic. Remember, as always, download the resources. 85 00:08:36,200 --> 00:08:38,940 I'll see you in the next lecture.