1 00:00:00,030 --> 00:00:16,260 The next two vowel sounds are // as 2 00:00:00,030 --> 00:00:16,260 in 'but' and // as in 'ear' These two 3 00:00:16,260 --> 00:00:22,590 sounds are different in that the first 4 00:00:16,260 --> 00:00:22,590 one is very very short. 5 00:00:22,590 --> 00:00:30,150 // as in but. Notice the shape of my 6 00:00:22,590 --> 00:00:30,150 mouth // 7 00:00:30,150 --> 00:00:38,930 The position is very relaxed and neutral. 8 00:00:30,150 --> 00:00:38,930 Not wide, not open, not rounded, just 9 00:00:38,930 --> 00:00:50,730 neutral.// as in but. On the other hand 10 00:00:38,930 --> 00:00:50,730 // is two vowels push together. We call 11 00:00:50,730 --> 00:00:56,600 this a diphthong. Two vowels squeezed 12 00:00:50,730 --> 00:00:56,600 together like we've seen before, 13 00:00:56,600 --> 00:01:03,359 // It starts with the mouth wide and 14 00:00:56,600 --> 00:01:03,359 ends with the mouth in a relaxed 15 00:01:03,359 --> 00:01:11,130 position. // //as in ear so it's the same 16 00:01:11,130 --> 00:01:22,650 sound as the word ear. Notice that also 17 00:01:11,130 --> 00:01:22,650 ear, the word ear E-A-R ends in an 'r' 18 00:01:22,650 --> 00:01:30,659 sound and this is another vowel which we 19 00:01:22,650 --> 00:01:30,659 use in British English to replace the 'r' 20 00:01:30,659 --> 00:01:38,790 sound. In American English, this ear would be pronounced 'ear'. They pronounce the 'r' 21 00:01:38,790 --> 00:01:45,780 at the end but as I mentioned in some 22 00:01:38,790 --> 00:01:45,780 previous lectures, when the 'r' sound comes 23 00:01:45,780 --> 00:01:52,079 at the end of a word in British English 24 00:01:45,780 --> 00:01:52,079 we don't pronounce it. We replace it with 25 00:01:52,079 --> 00:02:02,460 a vowel sound. So // and // These are 26 00:01:52,079 --> 00:02:02,460 the two sounds. Let's look at the first 27 00:02:02,460 --> 00:02:11,819 sound's target practice words. Remember // your mouth is in a neutral position and 28 00:02:11,819 --> 00:02:17,640 it's very very short. Let's look at the words and repeat 29 00:02:17,640 --> 00:02:34,040 them after me. But. Shut. Money. Touch. 30 00:02:34,760 --> 00:02:40,580 Wonderful. Brother. 31 00:02:41,210 --> 00:02:55,910 Hungry. Understand. London. Very very 32 00:02:41,210 --> 00:02:55,910 good. Now the second vowel sound // 33 00:02:55,910 --> 00:03:03,560 Remember it sounds just like the word 34 00:02:55,910 --> 00:03:03,560 ear. It's two vowels squeezed together. 35 00:03:03,560 --> 00:03:08,790 // The mouth starts wide and ends in a 36 00:03:08,790 --> 00:03:14,910 neutral position. // // Let's look at the target 37 00:03:14,910 --> 00:03:23,120 sound practice words for this sound. Listen and repeat after me. 38 00:03:23,120 --> 00:03:31,940 Ear. Year. Beard. 39 00:03:32,180 --> 00:03:45,019 Cheering. Idea. Nearly. Disappear. 40 00:03:45,560 --> 00:03:56,160 Shakespeare. Beer. The difference 41 00:03:45,560 --> 00:03:56,160 between these two sounds is quite clear. 42 00:03:56,160 --> 00:04:03,870 We have a short one and another one 43 00:03:56,160 --> 00:04:03,870 which is two vowels pushed together. Now 44 00:04:03,870 --> 00:04:08,820 let's look at the minimal pairs. Even 45 00:04:03,870 --> 00:04:08,820 though the difference is quite easy to 46 00:04:08,820 --> 00:04:16,290 distinguish, the minimal pairs will 47 00:04:08,820 --> 00:04:16,290 further help you to practice and master 48 00:04:16,290 --> 00:04:24,599 these two vowel sounds. On the left we 49 00:04:16,290 --> 00:04:24,599 have the words containing // and on the 50 00:04:24,599 --> 00:04:31,199 right we have the words containing // Let's start. Listen to the pairs and 51 00:04:31,199 --> 00:04:48,319 repeat after me. Does, dears. Worry, weary. Bud, 52 00:04:48,319 --> 00:05:12,090 beard. Fuss, fierce. Stud, steered. Buzz, 53 00:04:48,319 --> 00:05:12,090 beers. Well done. 54 00:05:12,090 --> 00:05:20,849 Now let's move on to the last section of 55 00:05:12,090 --> 00:05:20,849 this lecture, the target sounds in use. 56 00:05:20,849 --> 00:05:28,289 The first sentence contains the sounds 57 00:05:20,849 --> 00:05:28,289 // in many of the words. So listen to the 58 00:05:28,289 --> 00:05:38,069 sentence and repeat it after me focusing 59 00:05:28,289 --> 00:05:38,069 on the target sounds. I had just enough 60 00:05:38,069 --> 00:05:49,550 money for the bus. Sentence two we're 61 00:05:38,069 --> 00:05:49,550 focusing on the sound // 62 00:05:49,550 --> 00:05:59,899 Listen again and repeat. We're going 63 00:05:49,550 --> 00:05:59,899 to buy some beer and say cheers. 64 00:06:02,750 --> 00:06:11,610 And sentence number three a mixture 65 00:06:02,750 --> 00:06:11,610 of the two sounds. This year has been 66 00:06:11,610 --> 00:06:19,969 really fun but one thing I haven't done 67 00:06:11,610 --> 00:06:19,969 yet is visit Nigeria. 68 00:06:24,620 --> 00:06:33,180 Fantastic, well done. Now, as always, grab the extra resources that I provided for you 69 00:06:33,180 --> 00:06:36,820 to master these two vowel sounds. 70 00:06:36,820 --> 00:06:44,140 See you in the next lecture which is the last lecture for the section on vowels.