1 00:00:00,979 --> 00:00:11,690 These are the two consonant sounds 2 00:00:00,979 --> 00:00:11,690 we're going to focus on first it's /s/ as in 3 00:00:11,690 --> 00:00:25,980 'Sue' and /z/ as in 'zoo'. So these two 4 00:00:11,690 --> 00:00:25,980 sounds are similar but of course they're 5 00:00:25,980 --> 00:00:32,340 different. Why are they similar? 6 00:00:25,980 --> 00:00:32,340 Because the position of the tongue 7 00:00:32,340 --> 00:00:40,050 in the mouth is exactly the same in both 8 00:00:32,340 --> 00:00:40,050 sounds. The only difference between the 9 00:00:40,050 --> 00:00:46,920 two sounds is that one of them is voiced 10 00:00:40,050 --> 00:00:46,920 and one of them is unvoiced. 11 00:00:46,920 --> 00:00:55,140 What does this mean? The 's' sound 12 00:00:46,920 --> 00:00:55,140 the /s/ sound. I'd like you to make the 13 00:00:55,140 --> 00:01:08,250 sound /s/ Like a snake. And just touch 14 00:00:55,140 --> 00:01:08,250 your throat as you make the sound. /s/ /s/ You 15 00:01:08,250 --> 00:01:14,070 cannot feel any vibration from your 16 00:01:08,250 --> 00:01:14,070 throat. But if you touch your throat and 17 00:01:14,070 --> 00:01:20,850 talk naturally, like I'm doing now, you 18 00:01:14,070 --> 00:01:20,850 can feel a vibration in 19 00:01:20,850 --> 00:01:31,130 your throat. This vibration is your 20 00:01:20,850 --> 00:01:31,130 voice making a sound. So the 's' sound 21 00:01:31,130 --> 00:01:43,920 /s/ is unvoiced because there's no vibration. However the /z/ sound is voiced. Try making 22 00:01:43,920 --> 00:01:53,970 the /z/ sound like a bee buzzing and touch your throat again. /z/ Now you can feel a 23 00:01:53,970 --> 00:02:01,500 vibration when you make the sound /z/ That is the only difference between the two 24 00:02:01,500 --> 00:02:08,090 sounds. And if you don't believe me, 25 00:02:01,500 --> 00:02:08,090 switch between the two sounds. /s/ /z/ /s/ /z/ 26 00:02:11,360 --> 00:02:18,120 You can feel the difference in the 27 00:02:11,360 --> 00:02:18,120 voiced and the unvoiced sound. So 28 00:02:18,120 --> 00:02:31,110 unvoiced is /s/ the first sound, voiced is /z/ the second sound. Sue, zoo. This is the 29 00:02:31,110 --> 00:02:39,210 big difference between the two sounds. Now, look at the shape of the lips: the 30 00:02:39,210 --> 00:02:45,450 lips are neutral /s/ and we are actually 31 00:02:39,210 --> 00:02:45,450 using the inside of our mouth, our tongue 32 00:02:45,450 --> 00:02:55,260 to make the sound. The air pushes 33 00:02:45,450 --> 00:02:55,260 through and makes the /s/ sound. Let's 34 00:02:55,260 --> 00:03:08,240 look at the word list for /s/ Listen as 35 00:02:55,260 --> 00:03:08,240 always and repeat each word after me. 36 00:03:08,930 --> 00:03:38,160 Stop. Sister. Socks. Rice. Piece. Exciting. 37 00:03:08,930 --> 00:03:38,160 Smallest. Six. Spaghetti. Did you notice 38 00:03:38,160 --> 00:03:45,030 the spellings? Very often it's the 's' spelling of course in 39 00:03:45,030 --> 00:03:52,440 English. However sometimes we spell the 40 00:03:45,030 --> 00:03:52,440 words with a 'c'. So sometimes like for 41 00:03:52,440 --> 00:04:02,790 example rice R-I-C-E the sound is /s/ 42 00:03:52,440 --> 00:04:02,790 rice. Now another spelling you may have 43 00:04:02,790 --> 00:04:14,330 noticed is 'x' 'x'. 'x' contains the /s/ sound 44 00:04:02,790 --> 00:04:14,330 because the letter 'x' actually represents 45 00:04:14,330 --> 00:04:22,580 the /k/ sound and the /s/ sound pushed together. If you can hear, 46 00:04:22,580 --> 00:04:33,240 S-I-X you can listen to the 'x' sound: six six. The 'x' actually contains the 's' 47 00:04:33,240 --> 00:04:40,169 sound as well very often in English 48 00:04:33,240 --> 00:04:40,169 spelling. So keep that in mind. Now let's 49 00:04:40,169 --> 00:04:49,020 look at the next sound. The /z/ sound which is represented by the letter 'z'. 50 00:04:49,020 --> 00:04:53,880 Remember this is the voiced sound. The 51 00:04:49,020 --> 00:04:53,880 position of your tongue and your mouth 52 00:04:53,880 --> 00:05:01,590 is exactly the same, the only difference 53 00:04:53,880 --> 00:05:01,590 is it's voiced. So let's have a look at 54 00:05:01,590 --> 00:05:22,460 the target sound practice list. Listen as 55 00:05:01,590 --> 00:05:22,460 always and repeat. Zoo. Ears. Was. Please. 56 00:05:23,150 --> 00:05:37,340 Buzz. New Zealand. Doesn't. Animals. 57 00:05:38,030 --> 00:05:47,070 Scissors. Fantastic. Now in the 58 00:05:38,030 --> 00:05:47,070 spelling I hope you noticed there's of 59 00:05:47,070 --> 00:05:55,169 course lots of 'z' letters for 60 00:05:47,070 --> 00:05:55,169 example zoo Z-O-O. But there's also many 61 00:05:55,169 --> 00:06:06,500 examples of 's' isn't there? Now, the 's' 62 00:05:55,169 --> 00:06:06,500 letter in English can be sounded like /s/ or 63 00:06:06,500 --> 00:06:15,360 /z/ It depends on the word. Sometimes it's /s/ and sometimes it's /z/ at the end of a word. 64 00:06:15,360 --> 00:06:27,030 When the /z/ sound is appropriate, for 65 00:06:15,360 --> 00:06:27,030 example ears E-A-R-S ears, the /z/ sound is not 66 00:06:27,030 --> 00:06:35,850 so strong like it is at the beginning. So 67 00:06:27,030 --> 00:06:35,850 listen to the difference: zoo, ears. 68 00:06:35,850 --> 00:06:42,060 The 'z' sound at the beginning and the 69 00:06:35,850 --> 00:06:42,060 end of a word is very slightly different. 70 00:06:42,060 --> 00:06:50,070 At the beginning it's stronger: zoo. It's 71 00:06:42,060 --> 00:06:50,070 much easier to hear: zoo. But when the 'z' 72 00:06:50,070 --> 00:06:58,260 the 'z' sound is at the end of a word /z/ ears ears, it's not as forceful, not as 73 00:06:58,260 --> 00:07:05,790 strong. Keep that in mind. Let's move on to the minimal pairs. This 74 00:07:05,790 --> 00:07:11,310 is really going to help you notice the 75 00:07:05,790 --> 00:07:11,310 difference between the two sounds. On the 76 00:07:11,310 --> 00:07:21,560 left we have the /s/ sound and on the right we have the /z/ sound. Listen and repeat. 77 00:07:21,560 --> 00:08:00,390 Bus, buzz. Peace, peas. Ice, eyes. Sip, zip. Sue, zoo. Price, prize. I hope that's opened your 78 00:08:00,390 --> 00:08:06,720 eyes to the difference between the two 79 00:08:00,390 --> 00:08:06,720 sounds. Let's move on to the target 80 00:08:06,720 --> 00:08:17,090 sounds in use. The first sentence 81 00:08:06,720 --> 00:08:17,090 contains many many examples of the /s/ sound. 82 00:08:17,090 --> 00:08:28,730 Listen and repeat after me. Sam saw 83 00:08:17,090 --> 00:08:28,730 six scary snakes at the pet store. 84 00:08:32,669 --> 00:08:38,820 Well done. The second sentence contains 85 00:08:32,669 --> 00:08:38,820 examples of the /z/ 86 00:08:38,820 --> 00:08:47,490 sound. Remember even though the spelling is /s/ sometimes we pronounce it with a 87 00:08:47,490 --> 00:08:53,280 /z/ sound. So listen and repeat after me. 88 00:08:53,340 --> 00:09:05,980 Thousands of busy bees buzz around 89 00:08:53,340 --> 00:09:05,980 flowers. And sentence three contains 90 00:09:05,980 --> 00:09:15,450 a mix of the two sounds. Listen and 91 00:09:05,980 --> 00:09:15,450 repeat. The zoo we visited was fantastic. 92 00:09:15,450 --> 00:09:29,490 We saw zebras, kangaroos, elephants and 93 00:09:15,450 --> 00:09:29,490 skunks. That completes the first 94 00:09:29,490 --> 00:09:34,340 consonant lecture. Let's move on to the 95 00:09:29,490 --> 00:09:34,340 next lecture. 96 00:09:34,340 --> 00:09:38,900 Before you jump ahead, make sure you look at the next video 97 00:09:38,900 --> 00:09:43,800 and download the PDF and MP3s.