1 00:00:00,110 --> 00:00:15,990 These are the next two consonant sounds: /f/ as in 'fan' and /v/ as in 'van'. So again these 2 00:00:15,990 --> 00:00:24,420 two sounds have similarities but also 3 00:00:15,990 --> 00:00:24,420 differences, of course. What are the 4 00:00:24,420 --> 00:00:31,070 similarities? Well they both use the same 5 00:00:24,420 --> 00:00:31,070 part of the mouth to produce the sound. 6 00:00:31,070 --> 00:00:38,910 The difference is that one is voiced the 7 00:00:31,070 --> 00:00:38,910 other is unvoiced. Which one do you think 8 00:00:38,910 --> 00:00:44,640 is voiced and which one is unvoiced? 9 00:00:38,910 --> 00:00:44,640 Remember the test, put your hand over 10 00:00:44,640 --> 00:00:49,350 your throat and produce the sound. If 11 00:00:44,640 --> 00:00:49,350 there's a vibration, 12 00:00:49,350 --> 00:00:56,730 it means it's voiced, it means you use 13 00:00:49,350 --> 00:00:56,730 your vocal cords to produce the sound. If 14 00:00:56,730 --> 00:01:03,719 it's unvoiced, it just means you're using 15 00:00:56,730 --> 00:01:03,719 just air from your mouth to produce the 16 00:01:03,719 --> 00:01:17,939 sound. So let's try. /f/ as in fan /f/. So as 17 00:01:03,719 --> 00:01:17,939 you can see, the 'f' sound is unvoiced 18 00:01:17,939 --> 00:01:29,240 because there's no vibration when you 19 00:01:17,939 --> 00:01:29,240 produce the 'f' sound /f/. Let's try the /v/ sound. 20 00:01:29,759 --> 00:01:38,100 /v/ there. You can see and feel the vibration now. This means it's voiced. So 'f' /f/ is 21 00:01:38,100 --> 00:01:47,500 unvoiced. 'v' /v/ is voiced. They both use the same part of the mouth, however. Maybe you 22 00:01:47,500 --> 00:01:55,799 noticed the shape of my mouth. Have a 23 00:01:47,500 --> 00:01:55,799 look again as I produce the sound. /f/ fan. 24 00:01:55,799 --> 00:02:08,259 Fan. /v/ van. So they both use the bottom lip and the top teeth. The bottom lip goes 25 00:02:08,259 --> 00:02:15,010 against the top teeth and you push air 26 00:02:08,259 --> 00:02:15,010 out of your mouth. This is how the sound 27 00:02:15,010 --> 00:02:26,230 is produced. /f/ fan /f/ fan. 28 00:02:15,010 --> 00:02:26,230 /v/ van /v/ van. OK. So you should practice that. 29 00:02:26,230 --> 00:02:31,720 If you don't have these sounds in your 30 00:02:26,230 --> 00:02:31,720 native language it's good to remember 31 00:02:31,720 --> 00:02:38,470 the placement of the lips. Very very 32 00:02:31,720 --> 00:02:38,470 important. Now let's go to the first 33 00:02:38,470 --> 00:02:47,290 target sound practice which is for /f/ 'f' the 'f' sound. Remember this is unvoiced. Don't 34 00:02:47,290 --> 00:02:53,709 use your vocal cords when you produce 35 00:02:47,290 --> 00:02:53,709 this sound, just push air out of your 36 00:02:53,709 --> 00:03:01,569 mouth. The bottom lips go on to the top 37 00:02:53,709 --> 00:03:01,569 teeth and you push air. Let's have a 38 00:03:01,569 --> 00:03:16,410 look. Listen and repeat after me. Few. Four. Laugh. 39 00:03:17,280 --> 00:03:31,230 Fifty. Comfortable. Helpful. Photograph. 40 00:03:31,650 --> 00:03:44,680 Finland. Flowers. Very good. So as you saw from the spelling, usually the spelling 41 00:03:44,680 --> 00:03:53,380 for this sound is simply 'f'. Sometimes, or 42 00:03:44,680 --> 00:03:53,380 actually in many cases, it's the 'ph' 43 00:03:53,380 --> 00:04:00,520 spelling which produces the 'f' sound, so 44 00:03:53,380 --> 00:04:00,520 be careful of that. Many many foreign 45 00:04:00,520 --> 00:04:09,640 speakers very often produce the 'p' sound 46 00:04:00,520 --> 00:04:09,640 when they see 'ph' as in photograph, but 'ph' 47 00:04:09,640 --> 00:04:18,010 in English is pronounced /f/ 'f' photograph. So this is a very important point 48 00:04:18,010 --> 00:04:25,960 to remember. Sometimes the 'f' sound is 49 00:04:18,010 --> 00:04:25,960 produced when there's a 'gh' spelling. For 50 00:04:25,960 --> 00:04:38,680 example laugh or cough. Cough is spelt C-O-U-G-H, so sometimes, not always, sometimes the 51 00:04:38,680 --> 00:04:47,260 'gh' spelling is pronounced with an 'f' sound. Keep that in mind. Let's 52 00:04:47,260 --> 00:04:54,510 move on to the second target sound 53 00:04:47,260 --> 00:04:54,510 practice for the second sound. The /v/ sound. 54 00:04:54,510 --> 00:05:03,810 'v' as in van. Remember this is voiced, 55 00:04:54,510 --> 00:05:03,810 so you're using your vocal cords to 56 00:05:03,810 --> 00:05:12,270 produce the sound as well as pushing air 57 00:05:03,810 --> 00:05:12,270 out of your mouth through your teeth and 58 00:05:12,270 --> 00:05:24,490 bottom lip, top teeth bottom lip. 'v' /v/ 'v'. Let's look at this list. Listen and 59 00:05:24,490 --> 00:05:27,660 repeat after me. 60 00:05:27,990 --> 00:05:30,990 Very. 61 00:05:31,220 --> 00:05:51,710 Vote. Save. Have. Leave. Lovely. Village. 62 00:05:52,460 --> 00:06:04,560 Venice. Violin. OK, excellent, well done. 63 00:05:52,460 --> 00:06:04,560 Now I'd like to point something out 64 00:06:04,560 --> 00:06:13,680 about the 'v' sound /v/. When it's at the 65 00:06:04,560 --> 00:06:13,680 beginning of a word it's much stronger 66 00:06:13,680 --> 00:06:22,250 than when it's at the end of a word. Let me give you an example: the word very. 67 00:06:22,250 --> 00:06:31,110 'v' is at the beginning so the sound is 68 00:06:22,250 --> 00:06:31,110 strong. When the 'v' sound is at the end of 69 00:06:31,110 --> 00:06:39,570 a word, for example save, the sound is not 70 00:06:31,110 --> 00:06:39,570 as forceful, not as strong. It's the same 71 00:06:39,570 --> 00:06:49,260 sound but we don't produce as much force. Save save very. Can you hear the 72 00:06:49,260 --> 00:06:54,180 difference? Just keep that in mind. 73 00:06:49,260 --> 00:06:54,180 Some sounds in English, when they're at 74 00:06:54,180 --> 00:06:59,910 the beginning of a word and at the end 75 00:06:54,180 --> 00:06:59,910 of a word, are slightly different. 76 00:06:59,910 --> 00:07:06,060 They're the same sound but the force we 77 00:06:59,910 --> 00:07:06,060 use is a bit different. 78 00:07:06,060 --> 00:07:13,139 Just keep that in mind and be 79 00:07:06,060 --> 00:07:13,139 aware of it. Very good. Now let's look at 80 00:07:13,139 --> 00:07:22,260 the minimal pairs lists. These two sounds 81 00:07:13,139 --> 00:07:22,260 as you can see 'f' and 'v'. The 'f' /f/ is on 82 00:07:22,260 --> 00:07:30,810 the left and the 'v' /v/ is on the right. Listen to each of the pairs and repeat 83 00:07:30,810 --> 00:07:33,440 after me. 84 00:07:33,710 --> 00:07:38,270 Few, view. 85 00:07:40,050 --> 00:08:05,190 Safe, save. Fine, vine. Fast, vast. Ferry, very. 86 00:08:06,900 --> 00:08:17,470 Fan, van. Well done. I hope that's 87 00:08:06,900 --> 00:08:17,470 opened your eyes to the difference 88 00:08:17,470 --> 00:08:26,560 between the two sounds. Let's go to 89 00:08:17,470 --> 00:08:26,560 the target sounds in use. Let's look at 90 00:08:26,560 --> 00:08:34,120 them and listen to them, and produce them in a sentence. So the first sentence 91 00:08:34,120 --> 00:08:45,760 we're focusing on the /f/ sound, the unvoiced 'f' sound. Listen and repeat. Fred found 92 00:08:45,760 --> 00:09:03,940 four hundred and fifty dollars. Sentence 93 00:08:45,760 --> 00:09:03,940 two the /v/ sound, the voiced sound. I've never 94 00:09:03,940 --> 00:09:09,330 visited Venice but I will very soon. 95 00:09:13,430 --> 00:09:23,300 And the final sentence with a mix of the 96 00:09:13,430 --> 00:09:23,300 two sounds. Vicky, the flowers in your 97 00:09:23,300 --> 00:09:32,529 front garden are lovely. I love the vivid 98 00:09:23,300 --> 00:09:32,529 colours and the fine view. 99 00:09:40,030 --> 00:09:47,380 OK, well done. Remember to slow down, 100 00:09:40,030 --> 00:09:47,380 don't rush through these lectures. Focus 101 00:09:47,380 --> 00:09:54,610 on two sounds at a time. Don't rush. It's better to master two or 102 00:09:54,610 --> 00:10:01,120 three or four sounds maximum at a time 103 00:09:54,610 --> 00:10:01,120 and then move on. And don't think 104 00:10:01,120 --> 00:10:07,660 that you're going to reach 100% in one go. You know this is a 105 00:10:07,660 --> 00:10:14,680 process. Don't rush and think you have to 106 00:10:07,660 --> 00:10:14,680 get every word perfect every time you 107 00:10:14,680 --> 00:10:21,190 speak. This is the process of raising 108 00:10:14,680 --> 00:10:21,190 your awareness of pronunciation. This is 109 00:10:21,190 --> 00:10:28,060 a gradual step-by-step process and with 110 00:10:21,190 --> 00:10:28,060 awareness and with study you will 111 00:10:28,060 --> 00:10:35,380 improve over time massively. So just take 112 00:10:28,060 --> 00:10:35,380 your time, don't get impatient and rush 113 00:10:35,380 --> 00:10:41,160 ahead. See you in the next video.