1 00:00:00,060 --> 00:00:14,730 The next two consonant sounds are /l/ 2 00:00:00,060 --> 00:00:14,730 as in 'low' and /r/ as in 'row'. These 3 00:00:14,730 --> 00:00:22,640 two consonant sounds cause some speakers of English many many problems because 4 00:00:22,640 --> 00:00:28,529 sometimes these sounds don't appear in 5 00:00:22,640 --> 00:00:28,529 other languages, so it's difficult for 6 00:00:28,529 --> 00:00:35,850 some people to produce the sounds. Or in 7 00:00:28,529 --> 00:00:35,850 some languages these sounds are very 8 00:00:35,850 --> 00:00:43,350 similar, they're like the same sound. So 9 00:00:35,850 --> 00:00:43,350 we have to know how to distinguish 10 00:00:43,350 --> 00:00:50,820 between the two in English and I'll show 11 00:00:43,350 --> 00:00:50,820 you exactly how to do that right now. 12 00:00:50,820 --> 00:01:00,059 The first sound /l/ low /l/. The first 13 00:00:50,820 --> 00:01:00,059 thing you need to notice is the shape of 14 00:01:00,059 --> 00:01:06,630 the mouth /l/ /l/. The lips are in a neutral position. Not 15 00:01:06,630 --> 00:01:17,850 pushed out, not rounded, not too wide, just neutral. /l/ low /l/ /l/. The second 16 00:01:17,850 --> 00:01:26,250 thing you need to know is the position 17 00:01:17,850 --> 00:01:26,250 of the tongue. This is key. So when you 18 00:01:26,250 --> 00:01:33,990 pronounce the /l/ sound, the tongue is 19 00:01:26,250 --> 00:01:33,990 just behind your front teeth. It's 20 00:01:33,990 --> 00:01:41,009 behind the front teeth touching the top 21 00:01:33,990 --> 00:01:41,009 of the mouth. So I'd like you to 22 00:01:41,009 --> 00:01:47,340 make the sound and feel your tongue in 23 00:01:41,009 --> 00:01:47,340 your mouth touching the back of your 24 00:01:47,340 --> 00:01:49,939 front teeth. 25 00:01:51,540 --> 00:01:58,020 /l/ /l/. So it should be not touching your 26 00:01:51,540 --> 00:01:58,020 teeth, just above your teeth, at the 27 00:01:58,020 --> 00:02:05,610 top of your mouth. /l/ low /l/. Very good. And this is also 28 00:02:05,610 --> 00:02:13,160 a voiced sound, so you're using your 29 00:02:05,610 --> 00:02:13,160 voice to make the sound. Now 30 00:02:13,160 --> 00:02:19,130 let's move on to the second sound /r/ row /r/ 31 00:02:19,130 --> 00:02:25,880 This is also voiced, so these are 32 00:02:19,130 --> 00:02:25,880 both voiced sounds, but there's a big 33 00:02:25,880 --> 00:02:34,100 difference with the second sound /r/ 34 00:02:25,880 --> 00:02:34,100 as in row. The shape of the mouth is the 35 00:02:34,100 --> 00:02:39,370 first big difference. Look at my mouth 36 00:02:39,670 --> 00:02:50,230 /r/ /r/ the mouth is not rounded but 37 00:02:39,670 --> 00:02:50,230 the lips are pushed out from the mouth. 38 00:02:50,560 --> 00:02:58,280 /r/ /r/ and the 39 00:02:50,560 --> 00:02:58,280 position of the tongue is also very 40 00:02:58,280 --> 00:03:03,650 different. The tongue is not near the 41 00:02:58,280 --> 00:03:03,650 back of your teeth like the first sound. 42 00:03:03,650 --> 00:03:11,420 The tongue should be curled back like my 43 00:03:03,650 --> 00:03:11,420 finger. So it's curled back inside 44 00:03:11,420 --> 00:03:16,910 your mouth and then you're pushing the 45 00:03:11,420 --> 00:03:16,910 air through the sides of your tongue. 46 00:03:16,910 --> 00:03:23,320 Feel your position of your 47 00:03:16,910 --> 00:03:23,320 tongue when you're making the sound. 48 00:03:23,320 --> 00:03:33,440 /r/ /r/ row /r/ the tongue 49 00:03:23,320 --> 00:03:33,440 should be curled up like this, 50 00:03:33,440 --> 00:03:44,000 at the back of the mouth /r/ row. So 51 00:03:33,440 --> 00:03:44,000 remember the first sound, the mouth 52 00:03:44,000 --> 00:03:50,810 neutral position, the tongue towards the back of the teeth, and the 53 00:03:50,810 --> 00:04:00,070 second sound /r/ the lips pushed out 54 00:03:50,810 --> 00:04:00,070 and the tongue curled back /r/. So low 55 00:04:00,070 --> 00:04:09,560 row. Those are the big differences 56 00:04:00,070 --> 00:04:09,560 between the two sounds. Now let's start 57 00:04:09,560 --> 00:04:20,169 with the target sound practice for /l/ low /l/. Look at these words and repeat them 58 00:04:20,169 --> 00:04:26,990 after me focusing on the shape of your 59 00:04:20,169 --> 00:04:26,990 mouth and the position of your tongue. 60 00:04:26,990 --> 00:04:36,370 Remember position your tongue just above the back of your teeth. Let's start. 61 00:04:36,370 --> 00:05:00,009 Lie. Long. Silent. Slow. Collect. Calendar. 62 00:05:01,090 --> 00:05:12,250 Brazil. Beautiful. Gentleman. 63 00:05:13,060 --> 00:05:20,000 OK, well done. Remember, take your time 64 00:05:13,060 --> 00:05:20,000 with these sounds. If you like, go back 65 00:05:20,000 --> 00:05:26,150 and practice again focusing on the shape 66 00:05:20,000 --> 00:05:26,150 of your mouth and the position of your 67 00:05:26,150 --> 00:05:34,120 tongue. Now let's move to the second 68 00:05:26,150 --> 00:05:34,120 sound target practice. This sound 69 00:05:34,120 --> 00:05:40,820 /r/ remember the lip shape /r/ the 70 00:05:34,120 --> 00:05:40,820 lips are pushed out and the tongue is 71 00:05:40,820 --> 00:05:46,250 curled back further. The tongue goes much further back with 72 00:05:46,250 --> 00:05:51,590 this sound. The tongue is like this 73 00:05:46,250 --> 00:05:51,590 shape in your mouth. If you can 74 00:05:51,590 --> 00:05:56,710 imagine the shape of your tongue it goes 75 00:05:51,590 --> 00:05:56,710 back like this. 76 00:05:56,770 --> 00:06:16,900 Let's start. Repeat after me again. Rain. Write. Road. Fry. 77 00:06:17,840 --> 00:06:31,870 Grass. Pretty. Europe. Restaurant. 78 00:06:33,370 --> 00:06:43,130 Australia. Now I hope you can start to 79 00:06:33,370 --> 00:06:43,130 feel the difference between the two 80 00:06:43,130 --> 00:06:50,090 sounds. Let's look at the minimal pairs. This should make everything much 81 00:06:50,090 --> 00:06:58,250 much clearer for you. Look at the list. 82 00:06:50,090 --> 00:06:58,250 On the left we have the /l/ sound and on 83 00:06:58,250 --> 00:07:04,550 the right we have the /r/ sound. Don't 84 00:06:58,250 --> 00:07:04,550 forget the shape of your mouth and the 85 00:07:04,550 --> 00:07:13,340 position of your tongue when you utter 86 00:07:04,550 --> 00:07:13,340 these words. Focus on the sound. Listen 87 00:07:13,340 --> 00:07:33,910 and repeat. Long, wrong. Clay, pray. Lay, ray. 88 00:07:36,220 --> 00:07:41,050 Fly, fry. 89 00:07:44,040 --> 00:08:01,110 Glow, grow. Pilot, pirate. I hope you 90 00:07:44,040 --> 00:08:01,110 can really hear the difference between 91 00:08:01,110 --> 00:08:07,620 those two sounds now and I hope you can 92 00:08:01,110 --> 00:08:07,620 produce some difference in the two 93 00:08:07,620 --> 00:08:16,020 sounds as well. Let's move on to the 94 00:08:07,620 --> 00:08:16,020 target sounds in use. Let's look at these 95 00:08:16,020 --> 00:08:23,100 sentences concentrating on each target 96 00:08:16,020 --> 00:08:23,100 sound. Sentence one we're looking at 97 00:08:23,100 --> 00:08:29,870 is the /l/ sound target. Listen and repeat. 98 00:08:30,170 --> 00:08:47,850 Linda likes Alan but Alan loves another 99 00:08:30,170 --> 00:08:47,850 lady. And sentence two. Ryan enjoys 100 00:08:47,850 --> 00:08:53,060 writing scary stories for friends. 101 00:08:57,910 --> 00:09:04,710 Excellent. Now sentence three, a mix of 102 00:08:57,910 --> 00:09:04,710 the two sounds. 103 00:09:04,710 --> 00:09:12,810 Lots of people visit Paris to see the 104 00:09:04,710 --> 00:09:12,810 Eiffel Tower. It's a romantic and 105 00:09:12,810 --> 00:09:19,140 relaxing place. 106 00:09:21,460 --> 00:09:27,220 As always, make sure you download the extra resources that I provide 107 00:09:27,220 --> 00:09:33,320 and make sure you look at the video where I really show you 108 00:09:33,320 --> 00:09:39,620 how to shape your mouth. There's a video of me close up. You'll see the position 109 00:09:39,620 --> 00:09:49,760 of my lips and the way I make the sound. Focus on this video if you're having any trouble with these sounds.