1 00:00:00,199 --> 00:00:07,680 Welcome to the next consonant 2 00:00:00,199 --> 00:00:07,680 sounds lecture. This lecture is 3 00:00:07,680 --> 00:00:11,960 focusing on three sounds because they're 4 00:00:07,680 --> 00:00:11,960 so similar. 5 00:00:11,960 --> 00:00:25,710 The first one is /m/ as in 'some'. The second sound /n/ as in 'sun'. And the third one // 6 00:00:25,710 --> 00:00:36,870 as in 'sung'. So as I said, there are three 7 00:00:25,710 --> 00:00:36,870 sounds we're focusing on in this lecture 8 00:00:36,870 --> 00:00:42,360 because they're quite similar and it's 9 00:00:36,870 --> 00:00:42,360 easier to cover them at the same time 10 00:00:42,360 --> 00:00:54,239 and to compare them as well. The first 11 00:00:42,360 --> 00:00:54,239 sound /m/ as in some. Notice the shape of 12 00:00:54,239 --> 00:01:02,670 the lips. The lips are closed and the air 13 00:00:54,239 --> 00:01:02,670 is coming through the nose this time. So 14 00:01:02,670 --> 00:01:10,110 this is quite a unique sound. The sound 15 00:01:02,670 --> 00:01:10,110 actually comes out of the nose /m/ 16 00:01:10,110 --> 00:01:15,479 Can you hear that? And it's voiced. It's a voiced sound. You can touch your 17 00:01:15,479 --> 00:01:26,159 throat and test /m/ it's a voiced sound. Some. The second sound the /n/ sound 18 00:01:26,159 --> 00:01:35,460 is very very similar because /n/ the air 19 00:01:26,159 --> 00:01:35,460 is also coming out of the nose but this 20 00:01:35,460 --> 00:01:40,020 time we're not using our lips to block 21 00:01:35,460 --> 00:01:40,020 the air from our mouth 22 00:01:40,020 --> 00:01:47,759 we're using our tongue inside the mouth. 23 00:01:40,020 --> 00:01:47,759 The lips are open but the tongue is 24 00:01:47,759 --> 00:01:54,000 blocking all the air from coming out of 25 00:01:47,759 --> 00:01:54,000 the mouth so the air comes through the 26 00:01:54,000 --> 00:02:05,790 nose instead /n/ as in sun /n/ sun. This is also voiced just like the first 27 00:02:05,790 --> 00:02:13,230 sound /n/ you can feel your throat again 28 00:02:05,790 --> 00:02:13,230 /n/ sun. 29 00:02:13,230 --> 00:02:19,280 So the first two sounds are very very 30 00:02:13,230 --> 00:02:19,280 similar in that sense. Now the third one 31 00:02:19,280 --> 00:02:26,849 // sung sung is also producing air through 32 00:02:26,849 --> 00:02:37,720 the nose. It's a voiced sound // you can 33 00:02:26,849 --> 00:02:37,720 feel your throat again // //. So what is the difference? 34 00:02:37,720 --> 00:02:40,560 The difference is we are blocking the air 35 00:02:40,560 --> 00:02:46,769 through our mouth just like the first 36 00:02:40,560 --> 00:02:46,769 two, but we're using the back of our 37 00:02:46,769 --> 00:02:55,489 tongue. The back of our tongue 38 00:02:46,769 --> 00:02:55,489 raises up and blocks the air // sung 39 00:02:55,489 --> 00:03:03,299 // //. The mouth is also very slightly 40 00:02:55,489 --> 00:03:03,299 open. The mouth is not closed, it's 41 00:03:03,299 --> 00:03:10,859 open // sung. So that's the 42 00:03:03,299 --> 00:03:10,859 difference between the three sounds. 43 00:03:10,859 --> 00:03:15,780 They're very similar but there are subtle 44 00:03:10,859 --> 00:03:15,780 differences in the shape of the mouth, 45 00:03:15,780 --> 00:03:22,280 whether it's open and closed, and the 46 00:03:15,780 --> 00:03:22,280 position of the tongue. So they're all 47 00:03:22,280 --> 00:03:27,930 producing air through the nose rather 48 00:03:22,280 --> 00:03:27,930 than the mouth but the position of the 49 00:03:27,930 --> 00:03:34,470 tongue and the mouth is different for 50 00:03:27,930 --> 00:03:34,470 each one. Let's look at the first 51 00:03:34,470 --> 00:03:42,410 sound's target practice word list. The 52 00:03:34,470 --> 00:03:42,410 first sound is /m/ 53 00:03:42,410 --> 00:03:50,730 Remember, lips closed and produce air 54 00:03:42,410 --> 00:03:50,730 through the nose. Listen and repeat after 55 00:03:50,730 --> 00:04:10,669 me. Me. Mile. Muffin. Remember. Woman. 56 00:04:11,230 --> 00:04:31,010 Summer. Kingdom. Welcome. Motorbike. That was sound number one. Two more to go. 57 00:04:31,010 --> 00:04:37,010 Now the second sound remember /n/. 58 00:04:31,010 --> 00:04:37,010 Remember how to produce it. 59 00:04:37,010 --> 00:04:46,490 /n/ as in sun. The mouth is open and 60 00:04:37,010 --> 00:04:46,490 the tongue /n/ is blocking the air 61 00:04:46,490 --> 00:04:52,220 coming through the mouth. The tongue is 62 00:04:46,490 --> 00:04:52,220 towards the front of the mouth /n/ 63 00:04:52,220 --> 00:04:59,810 sun. This is how we produce the sound. So let's go through the target sound 64 00:04:59,810 --> 00:05:12,520 practice words. Repeat after me. No. Nice. 65 00:05:13,840 --> 00:05:21,130 Nose. Money. 66 00:05:22,410 --> 00:05:50,040 Many. Nanny. London. Garden. Snow. Let's move on to the third sound. This sound // 67 00:05:50,040 --> 00:05:57,300 Remember // very similar to /n/ the 68 00:05:50,040 --> 00:05:57,300 second sound because we're using our 69 00:05:57,300 --> 00:06:02,340 tongue, but this time we're using the 70 00:05:57,300 --> 00:06:02,340 back of our tongue. The back of the 71 00:06:02,340 --> 00:06:08,820 tongue comes up, blocks the air and the 72 00:06:02,340 --> 00:06:08,820 air comes through the nose // as in 73 00:06:08,820 --> 00:06:16,170 sung. So focus on your tongue and 74 00:06:08,820 --> 00:06:16,170 your mouth. Remember your mouth is open as 75 00:06:16,170 --> 00:06:21,480 well // just slightly open. So listen and repeat 76 00:06:21,480 --> 00:06:34,880 after me once again. Wing. Ring. Nothing. 77 00:06:35,390 --> 00:06:43,100 Hang. Wrong. 78 00:06:43,100 --> 00:07:01,680 Singing. Angry. English. Swimming. If this 79 00:06:43,100 --> 00:07:01,680 is a bit challenging and they sound so 80 00:07:01,680 --> 00:07:08,250 so similar, don't worry. You can go back 81 00:07:01,680 --> 00:07:08,250 and practice the words again but the 82 00:07:08,250 --> 00:07:14,190 next part may well clear up any 83 00:07:08,250 --> 00:07:14,190 confusion for you. We're going to look at 84 00:07:14,190 --> 00:07:21,450 the minimal pairs. This time we're going 85 00:07:14,190 --> 00:07:21,450 to do two sets of minimal pairs. The 86 00:07:21,450 --> 00:07:31,620 first set we're going to compare the 87 00:07:21,450 --> 00:07:31,620 sounds /m/ and /n/. So listen to each pair 88 00:07:31,620 --> 00:08:00,590 and repeat after me. Rum, run. Meat, neat. Same, sane. Some, sun. 89 00:08:02,480 --> 00:08:20,550 Simmer, sinner. Mine, nine. Now we're going to move on to the second set of minimal 90 00:08:20,550 --> 00:08:33,260 pairs. This time we're going to compare 91 00:08:20,550 --> 00:08:33,260 /n/ and //. Remember the difference 92 00:08:33,260 --> 00:08:37,500 /n/ use your tongue towards the front of 93 00:08:33,260 --> 00:08:37,500 your mouth and // use the back of your 94 00:08:37,500 --> 00:08:44,310 tongue to block the air. So listen 95 00:08:37,500 --> 00:08:44,310 to each pair and repeat after me once 96 00:08:44,310 --> 00:09:17,660 more. Ran, rang. Sun, sung. Thin, thing. Sin, sing. Ban, bang. 97 00:09:19,880 --> 00:09:31,880 Win, wing. OK, I hope that's cleared 98 00:09:19,880 --> 00:09:31,880 up any confusion or doubt about these 99 00:09:31,880 --> 00:09:40,610 sounds. Now let's move on to the target 100 00:09:31,880 --> 00:09:40,610 sounds in use. So let's look at sentence 101 00:09:40,610 --> 00:09:48,880 one, focusing on the /m/ sound, many many instances of /m/ in this sentence. 102 00:09:48,880 --> 00:09:55,990 Listen, focus on the shape of your mouth 103 00:09:48,880 --> 00:09:55,990 and repeat after me. 104 00:09:55,990 --> 00:10:11,319 My mum makes amazingly yummy muffins. Sentence two we're looking at the /n/ sound. 105 00:10:11,319 --> 00:10:19,660 Remember use your tongue to block the 106 00:10:11,319 --> 00:10:19,660 air and leave your mouth slightly open. 107 00:10:19,990 --> 00:10:25,899 I often enjoy a nice nap in the afternoon. 108 00:10:29,889 --> 00:10:37,790 Sentence three we're focusing on the 109 00:10:29,889 --> 00:10:37,790 third sound //. This time use the back of 110 00:10:37,790 --> 00:10:47,540 your tongue to block the air and leave 111 00:10:37,790 --> 00:10:47,540 your mouth slightly open. An angry man 112 00:10:47,540 --> 00:11:01,370 called Mr Lang banged on the door this 113 00:10:47,540 --> 00:11:01,370 morning shouting angrily. Well done. 114 00:11:01,370 --> 00:11:06,889 We did three sounds in this lecture so 115 00:11:01,370 --> 00:11:06,889 fantastic. Don't worry if it's a bit too 116 00:11:06,889 --> 00:11:14,660 much. Slow down take your time. Go back 117 00:11:06,889 --> 00:11:14,660 and review the exercises we did in this class. 118 00:11:14,660 --> 00:11:20,760 Also, don't forget to download the extra resources.