1 00:00:00,199 --> 00:00:07,770 The two consonant sounds we're targeting in this lecture are the sounds // as 2 00:00:07,770 --> 00:00:23,269 in 'joke' and // as in 'choke'. So these two 3 00:00:07,770 --> 00:00:23,269 sounds use the same part of the mouth as 4 00:00:23,269 --> 00:00:30,660 we've seen before. The difference is one 5 00:00:23,269 --> 00:00:30,660 is voiced one is unvoiced as we've also 6 00:00:30,660 --> 00:00:40,620 seen before. The first sound // // look at the shape of my mouth // the 7 00:00:40,620 --> 00:00:47,579 lips are coming out again //. Not 8 00:00:40,620 --> 00:00:47,579 exactly rounded but they're being pushed 9 00:00:47,579 --> 00:00:57,870 out // // joke. And when you make 10 00:00:47,579 --> 00:00:57,870 the sound, notice what's happening inside 11 00:00:57,870 --> 00:01:06,200 your mouth with your tongue. // // So your tongue, first of all, is 12 00:01:06,200 --> 00:01:14,369 pushing up and blocking air. Then suddenly your tongue is pulling 13 00:01:14,369 --> 00:01:20,960 down and releasing the burst of air. That's how this sound is made. 14 00:01:20,960 --> 00:01:28,290 // // so you're building up air 15 00:01:20,960 --> 00:01:28,290 pressure and then suddenly the tongue 16 00:01:28,290 --> 00:01:38,430 drops and the pressure is released. // And this sound is voiced // 17 00:01:38,430 --> 00:01:52,049 Joke //. The second sound uses exactly 18 00:01:38,430 --> 00:01:52,049 the same process // // but it's unvoiced. 19 00:01:52,049 --> 00:01:59,070 So the lips are the same shape, exactly 20 00:01:52,049 --> 00:01:59,070 the same //. Can you see that? And the tongue 21 00:01:59,070 --> 00:02:06,149 is also pushed up, building air pressure, 22 00:01:59,070 --> 00:02:06,149 then suddenly it's dropped to release 23 00:02:06,149 --> 00:02:14,099 the pressure // choke //. 24 00:02:06,149 --> 00:02:14,099 But it's unvoiced. Test it for 25 00:02:14,099 --> 00:02:22,470 yourself // //. There's no voice. That's 26 00:02:14,099 --> 00:02:22,470 the main difference between the two. So 27 00:02:22,470 --> 00:02:28,980 remember the shape of the lips. They 28 00:02:22,470 --> 00:02:28,980 protrude out and the tongue is first 29 00:02:28,980 --> 00:02:35,629 pushed up towards the front of the mouth, then you suddenly pull the tongue down to 30 00:02:35,629 --> 00:02:41,239 release the pressure. Now let's look at the target sound 31 00:02:41,239 --> 00:02:48,799 practice for these sounds. Let's look at 32 00:02:41,239 --> 00:02:48,799 the // sound first. 33 00:02:48,799 --> 00:03:11,930 Listen, repeat after me. As always, notice the spelling. Joe. Jeep. George. Ridge. 34 00:03:12,560 --> 00:03:20,329 Edge. Dangerous. 35 00:03:21,410 --> 00:03:38,200 Village. Large. Juice. Now let's look at 36 00:03:21,410 --> 00:03:38,200 the second sound // 37 00:03:38,200 --> 00:03:45,680 Remember the same process, except 38 00:03:38,200 --> 00:03:45,680 this is unvoiced. Don't use the 39 00:03:45,680 --> 00:03:55,960 vocal cords when producing the sound //. So listen, repeat after me once more. 40 00:03:56,230 --> 00:03:59,230 Chip. 41 00:03:59,770 --> 00:04:17,440 Chair. Chicken. Champion. Kitchen. Teacher. 42 00:04:17,980 --> 00:04:28,090 Watch. Catch. Chess. 43 00:04:29,920 --> 00:04:36,410 Very very well done. If you don't 44 00:04:29,920 --> 00:04:36,410 have these particular sounds in your 45 00:04:36,410 --> 00:04:43,730 language, remember to go back, practice 46 00:04:36,410 --> 00:04:43,730 the exercises again until you really 47 00:04:43,730 --> 00:04:50,419 start to master the sounds. Now let's 48 00:04:43,730 --> 00:04:50,419 look at the minimal pairs for these two 49 00:04:50,419 --> 00:04:58,250 sounds. On the left we have // and on 50 00:04:50,419 --> 00:04:58,250 the right we have //. Remember the left 51 00:04:58,250 --> 00:05:06,230 sounds are voiced, the ones on the right 52 00:04:58,250 --> 00:05:06,230 are unvoiced. Let's begin. 53 00:05:06,230 --> 00:05:22,450 Listen to the pairs and repeat. Jane, chain. Joke, choke. 54 00:05:24,900 --> 00:05:49,680 Jill, chill. Ridge, rich. Edge, etch. Jeep, cheap. 55 00:05:51,270 --> 00:05:59,199 Well done. Now let's look at the 56 00:05:51,270 --> 00:05:59,199 target sounds in use in a sentence so we 57 00:05:59,199 --> 00:06:07,840 can practice it when we're talking and 58 00:05:59,199 --> 00:06:07,840 using other words together. So sentence 59 00:06:07,840 --> 00:06:18,280 one we're focusing on the // sound, the 60 00:06:07,840 --> 00:06:18,280 voiced sound. Jack gave Jane a large jug 61 00:06:18,280 --> 00:06:21,330 of orange juice. 62 00:06:25,380 --> 00:06:34,630 Sentence two we're focusing on the 63 00:06:25,380 --> 00:06:34,630 unvoiced sound //. Charlie is the chess 64 00:06:34,630 --> 00:06:50,740 champion of China. And sentence three a mix of the two sounds. This French cheese is 65 00:06:50,740 --> 00:07:03,820 just amazing, and this Belgian chocolate 66 00:06:50,740 --> 00:07:03,820 is gorgeous. OK, well done. Don't forget to 67 00:07:03,820 --> 00:07:07,509 look at the video of the close-up of my 68 00:07:03,820 --> 00:07:07,509 mouth 69 00:07:07,509 --> 00:07:12,400 so you can see the shape, so that 70 00:07:07,509 --> 00:07:12,400 you can produce the sounds much more 71 00:07:12,400 --> 00:07:15,389 clearly.