1 00:00:00,000 --> 00:00:13,380 These are the next two consonant sounds 2 00:00:00,000 --> 00:00:13,380 that we will target: // as in 'thin' and // as in 'then'. 3 00:00:13,380 --> 00:00:24,480 I saved the best two sounds 4 00:00:13,380 --> 00:00:24,480 until last. These are perhaps the most 5 00:00:24,480 --> 00:00:30,170 challenging consonant sounds in English 6 00:00:24,480 --> 00:00:30,170 because they're very different from 7 00:00:30,170 --> 00:00:36,239 sounds of other languages. The reason is 8 00:00:30,170 --> 00:00:36,239 that we use a different part of our 9 00:00:36,239 --> 00:00:41,969 mouth to produce the sound, and the shape and the form of the tongue is quite 10 00:00:41,969 --> 00:00:50,280 unusual. First of all which sound is 11 00:00:41,969 --> 00:00:50,280 voiced and which one is unvoiced? Have a 12 00:00:50,280 --> 00:01:04,080 listen // as in thin and // as in then. The first one is unvoiced. Put your hand over 13 00:01:04,080 --> 00:01:10,970 your throat //. And the second one is voiced // 14 00:01:11,689 --> 00:01:19,880 Now, how do we make these sounds in 15 00:01:11,689 --> 00:01:19,880 English? What we do is we put the tongue 16 00:01:19,880 --> 00:01:29,310 against our top teeth like this. And then 17 00:01:19,880 --> 00:01:29,310 we push the air through the gap between 18 00:01:29,310 --> 00:01:37,200 the teeth and the tongue, and this 19 00:01:29,310 --> 00:01:37,200 produces air and produces the sound that 20 00:01:37,200 --> 00:01:51,180 we want. // // as in thin and // as in then. The reason so many people struggle with this 21 00:01:51,180 --> 00:01:57,659 sound is that usually, in some languages anyway, all the sounds are made within 22 00:01:57,659 --> 00:02:03,060 the mouth. But this one is a bit unusual 23 00:01:57,659 --> 00:02:03,060 because we have to actually put our 24 00:02:03,060 --> 00:02:09,330 tongue outside our mouth. So it feels a 25 00:02:03,060 --> 00:02:09,330 bit strange and unusual but you have to 26 00:02:09,330 --> 00:02:16,480 practice and you will become perfect. 27 00:02:09,330 --> 00:02:16,480 So let's look at the first target sound 28 00:02:16,480 --> 00:02:22,090 practice list. Notice the symbol on 29 00:02:16,480 --> 00:02:22,090 the left. This is the symbol for the 30 00:02:22,090 --> 00:02:30,790 unvoiced sound and also notice the 31 00:02:22,090 --> 00:02:30,790 spelling. It's always 'th' so that makes it 32 00:02:30,790 --> 00:02:38,439 quite easy in a sense. Listen to the 33 00:02:30,790 --> 00:02:38,439 words and repeat after me. Remember this 34 00:02:38,439 --> 00:02:55,859 is the unvoiced sound. Thick. Three. Think. 35 00:02:56,909 --> 00:03:16,980 Author. Something. Month. South. Thursday. 36 00:03:17,250 --> 00:03:26,949 Maths. Don't worry if it feels a bit 37 00:03:17,250 --> 00:03:26,949 strange putting your tongue out of your 38 00:03:26,949 --> 00:03:32,949 mouth, just keep practicing and it will 39 00:03:26,949 --> 00:03:32,949 become more natural. So that was the 40 00:03:32,949 --> 00:03:38,250 unvoiced sound, now let's move on to the 41 00:03:32,949 --> 00:03:38,250 voiced sound. 42 00:03:38,250 --> 00:03:44,739 Have a look at this word list. Remember to use your voice when you 43 00:03:44,739 --> 00:03:51,909 produce these sounds. Notice again the 44 00:03:44,739 --> 00:03:51,909 symbol on the left. This represents the 45 00:03:51,909 --> 00:04:03,269 voiced 'th' sound and the spelling, like 46 00:03:51,909 --> 00:04:03,269 before, is always 'th'. Listen and repeat. 47 00:04:03,269 --> 00:04:13,349 They. Their. Mother. 48 00:04:14,599 --> 00:04:31,840 Brother. Weather. Other. Together. These. 49 00:04:32,560 --> 00:04:43,009 Feather. I hope those exercises have 50 00:04:32,560 --> 00:04:43,009 helped you to produce the sounds more 51 00:04:43,009 --> 00:04:47,360 clearly. Now let's move on to the next 52 00:04:43,009 --> 00:04:47,360 part, 53 00:04:47,360 --> 00:04:54,949 the comparison pairs. On the left we have 54 00:04:47,360 --> 00:04:54,949 words containing the unvoiced sound and 55 00:04:54,949 --> 00:05:00,620 on the right we have words containing 56 00:04:54,949 --> 00:05:00,620 the voiced sound. So these are not 57 00:05:00,620 --> 00:05:06,259 minimal pairs because actually there are 58 00:05:00,620 --> 00:05:06,259 very very few minimal pairs for these 59 00:05:06,259 --> 00:05:11,330 two sounds. These are comparison pairs. The words 60 00:05:11,330 --> 00:05:18,970 are not the same, but similar. But 61 00:05:11,330 --> 00:05:18,970 importantly, they contain a target sounds. 62 00:05:18,970 --> 00:05:23,750 So have a listen to each pair and repeat 63 00:05:18,970 --> 00:05:23,750 after me 64 00:05:23,750 --> 00:05:33,610 focusing on the target sounds. Thin, this. 65 00:05:34,990 --> 00:05:45,909 Throw, though. Breath, breathe. 66 00:05:49,440 --> 00:05:54,120 Cloths, clothes. 67 00:05:56,400 --> 00:06:15,069 Thank, than. Three, there. There you go. 68 00:05:56,400 --> 00:06:15,069 Remember to go back and keep practicing 69 00:06:15,069 --> 00:06:22,330 using the exercises in these lectures. 70 00:06:15,069 --> 00:06:22,330 Now let's move on to the final part, the 71 00:06:22,330 --> 00:06:29,289 target sounds in use. Let's look at the 72 00:06:22,330 --> 00:06:29,289 first sentence which is targeting the 73 00:06:29,289 --> 00:06:39,039 unvoiced // sound. Remember to use your tongue against the top teeth and push 74 00:06:39,039 --> 00:06:55,500 the air through. Listen and repeat. Three 75 00:06:39,039 --> 00:06:55,500 thoughtful authors thanked Katherine. 76 00:06:55,500 --> 00:07:01,259 And sentence two is targeting the voiced 77 00:06:55,500 --> 00:07:01,259 sound // // 78 00:07:02,639 --> 00:07:15,880 Listen and repeat. These clothes are 79 00:07:02,639 --> 00:07:15,880 bigger than those clothes. And the 80 00:07:15,880 --> 00:07:25,120 third sentence is targeting both sounds. 81 00:07:15,880 --> 00:07:25,120 Listen and repeat. There's a feather on 82 00:07:25,120 --> 00:07:35,710 this leather jacket, and I think there's 83 00:07:25,120 --> 00:07:35,710 something on your mouth. So there we have 84 00:07:35,710 --> 00:07:43,100 it, the final two consonant sounds done. Remember to download the extra resources, 85 00:07:43,100 --> 00:07:49,680 the PDFs, the MP3s. And, very importantly, for this particular lecture, 86 00:07:49,680 --> 00:07:56,640 look at the extra video so that you can see the close-up of my mouth producing the sounds. 87 00:07:56,640 --> 00:08:03,840 You can mimic how I do it. So grab those and I'll see you in the next lecture.