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So we're importing the turtle module in order to use it in our code.

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So I want to spend a few minutes just quickly talking about all the ways that we

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can import modules.

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[inaudible]

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You've already seen the basic import and it's very simple.

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We have the keyword import,

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and then we have the module name that we want to import.

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So if we had just imported our turtle module with the simple import,

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then in order to create a new turtle,

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we would have to say the module name and then the name of the class.

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And we would create a new turtle like this.

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Now this is,

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perfectly fine, but it would make it so much more convenient

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if we were using that turtle class a lot to write our code like this.

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This way, we don't have to keep writing turtle.Turtle or turtle.

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whatever else it is that we want to import. And this code is again

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pretty simple. We have the keyword from, we have the keyword import,

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we have the module name,

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and also the thing in the module that we want to import.

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As you've seen with this kind of syntax, we can simply write...

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And this means that if we were creating a lot of turtles, let's say

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instead of just creating tim, we also created tom

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and terry.

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Then we don't have to keep writing turtle.Turtle,

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turtle.Turtle every single time.

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So this from import is really helpful

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if you're going to use this thing that you're importing a lot and you don't want

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to keep writing the name of the module in front of it.

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Now you can actually go one step further. Instead of saying

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just from turtle import whatever it is you want,

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you can actually import everything by using the asterix.

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Now you can use everything that's in that module as if it were in the current

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file. And this has advantages as well as disadvantages

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because it can make it really hard to see where each of these classes or methods

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come from. So for example, if I just wrote forward, you can see, I can,

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I can do this.

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But it's really confusing to just see this method somewhere in isolation

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because it's like, well, what is moving forward? What's actually happening,

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where does this come from?

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And it's more obvious when you import a module like random.

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So from random import everything,

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and then somewhere else in our code,

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we might just write something like choice.

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And this is a method from random where we can pick a random item from a

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sequence, like a list. Now this code works

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but it's really confusing. Like, how is this choice working?

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Where does it come from? Which module enables this capability? Instead,

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we just have the method whack right in our code

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and it's very confusing as to its origins.

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So well, amongst the Python community,

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it's very unusual that you'll see good code written like this.

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I want you to know what it does because you might come across it in the wild,

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just so you understand what it's actually doing,

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but I want you to try and avoid writing code like this.

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Instead if you're using something from a module many times,

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so more than three times, then you can think about using this from import.

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But if you're only using it once or twice,

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then just import the whole module and write out this turtle.Turtle so that

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you can see that this module is the one that contains this class and that is

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imported and we're using it to create this object.

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It's just a lot more expressive in terms of the code.

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Now, the final thing I want to show you which is quite a useful thing,

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is how to alias modules. So for example,

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we can import our turtle as t.

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So what this does is we import from the turtle module and we give that module an

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alias name, so a name that we define.

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And what this means is that if you were to create your new object from the

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module turtle, instead of writing out turtle every single time,

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you can just write t and that it will represent the entire module.

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So sometimes you'll have modules which are really, really long.

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So it could have a really long name and you don't want to type it out every

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single time.

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So you give it an alias name and it will be exactly the same as referring to the

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entire name of the module.

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And you can create a turtle like this. Now,

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even though we've been writing import,

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there are some modules that you can't just import, right?

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So for example, if I wanted to import the heroes module

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which is something that I can use to generate hero names like Decepticon or 

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Leopardon, or Askew-Tronics,

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then I can use one of the functions that's in that module,

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heroes, called generate.

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But if I just go into my code and I straight up try to import this module

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which is called heroes, then you can see I get an error.

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And the error says, there's no module named heroes.

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Why is it that I can't do this but I can import turtle?

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Well, the reason is because turtle is a module that's packaged with the Python

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standard library. And this is a small library of code

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which contains just the basics to get you started like a core set when you buy a

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board game or like the basic track pieces when you buy a set of hot wheels.

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So you can imagine this library of code as like a family library,

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easily accessible, but very small. Now,

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if we wanted to access the whole world of Python modules and packages,

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then we need to go to a much bigger library. And that is,

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of course, the Python packages,

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which are hosted on the internet and we can install into our project as

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and when we need them. So this way,

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our final project doesn't become gigantic because we've got all of the modules

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loaded into it from the internet.

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Instead we only plug and play whatever it is we need.

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So PyCharm is actually already smart enough to know that I probably want a module

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that I haven't installed.

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And you can see that as soon as I click on this error with the red underline,

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I get a red light bulb over here. And if I click on it,

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it gives me the prompt to install this package called heroes.

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And once it's done,

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then we can actually tap into this module and we can say heroes.gen.

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And this is going to generate us a new hero name.

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So let's go ahead and run our code.

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And you can see we've got a name called Galvatron,

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which is not bad actually.

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So it's important to remember that when you try to import something that hasn't

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been installed, like this villains package,

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then when you try to run the code

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you'll get an error that says no module named villains.

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And this should prompt you to think, ah,

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maybe that module is not a part of the Python standard library like turtle

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and I actually have to install it.

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Just remember that before you can import a module

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sometimes if it's not bundled with the Python standard library,

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then you might have to install it.