1 00:00:00,240 --> 00:00:03,870 Now what may seem like a long time ago, 2 00:00:04,350 --> 00:00:07,530 we created a password generator project. 3 00:00:07,620 --> 00:00:12,620 So this was in fact on day 5 where we took three lists, 4 00:00:13,110 --> 00:00:14,640 letters, numbers, and symbols, 5 00:00:15,180 --> 00:00:20,010 and we used it to generate a random list of letters, symbols, 6 00:00:20,010 --> 00:00:20,843 and numbers 7 00:00:21,000 --> 00:00:25,860 and then we shuffled all of those together and we turned it into a string to 8 00:00:25,860 --> 00:00:28,320 create a very secure password. 9 00:00:29,760 --> 00:00:32,009 Now I've modified the code a little bit, 10 00:00:32,189 --> 00:00:34,970 just so that we don't need to use any inputs. 11 00:00:34,970 --> 00:00:38,190 So we don't have to type anything in the console. Instead, 12 00:00:38,220 --> 00:00:43,220 I've created a random number between 8 and 10 to pick 8 or 10 letters 13 00:00:44,580 --> 00:00:49,470 and then 2 to 4 numbers and 2 to 4 symbols. 14 00:00:50,370 --> 00:00:52,980 So what I want you to do is the head over to this link 15 00:00:53,220 --> 00:00:54,900 which is in the course resources, 16 00:00:55,560 --> 00:01:00,560 and simply just copy everything that's in there into your password generator 17 00:01:01,140 --> 00:01:01,973 section, 18 00:01:02,220 --> 00:01:07,220 because we're going to be using this code in our password manager so that when 19 00:01:08,070 --> 00:01:09,750 the user clicks on this button, 20 00:01:09,780 --> 00:01:14,780 we can generate them a random password and already pre-populate that field. 21 00:01:14,910 --> 00:01:16,380 So they don't have to type anything 22 00:01:16,530 --> 00:01:20,700 and they don't have to come up with a really complex password like this. 23 00:01:21,810 --> 00:01:26,810 Once we've put our password generator code into the password generator section, 24 00:01:27,360 --> 00:01:31,680 let's go ahead and reformat it. So let's put our imports at the top. 25 00:01:33,660 --> 00:01:37,770 And as a challenge, I want you to take a look at these three lines, 26 00:01:38,190 --> 00:01:39,420 look at what they're doing. 27 00:01:39,990 --> 00:01:44,990 We've created an empty list and we're adding a random letter from this list of 28 00:01:47,310 --> 00:01:50,100 letters. And then we have this for-loop 29 00:01:50,220 --> 00:01:54,420 which basically creates a range from this random number, 30 00:01:54,690 --> 00:01:56,880 so anywhere between 8 to 10, 31 00:01:57,420 --> 00:02:02,420 and then we add a random letter to that password list. So this is a really 32 00:02:02,790 --> 00:02:06,480 good opportunity for using list comprehensions instead, 33 00:02:06,900 --> 00:02:11,400 because we can get rid of a lot of these for loops and do each of these things 34 00:02:11,430 --> 00:02:15,990 in just one single line of code. It's also a good point for 35 00:02:15,990 --> 00:02:16,890 a bit of revision. 36 00:02:17,520 --> 00:02:22,520 I want you to have a think about how these things work and see if you can do the 37 00:02:22,530 --> 00:02:27,530 same thing by changing these three sections into three list comprehensions. 38 00:02:30,180 --> 00:02:32,640 If you're successful, once you run the code, 39 00:02:32,790 --> 00:02:35,280 it should still work exactly the same way 40 00:02:35,580 --> 00:02:39,780 and you should see a random password being generated and printed down here. 41 00:02:40,590 --> 00:02:42,360 Pause the video and give that a go. 42 00:02:42,380 --> 00:02:43,213 All right. 43 00:02:48,830 --> 00:02:52,490 All right. So what I'm going to do is instead of creating an empty list, 44 00:02:52,640 --> 00:02:54,830 I'm going to create three new lists. 45 00:02:55,340 --> 00:03:00,340 One is going to be the password_letters and this list is going to be created, 46 00:03:03,340 --> 00:03:03,880 of course, 47 00:03:03,880 --> 00:03:08,880 using less comprehension and replacing these two lines of code. 48 00:03:09,580 --> 00:03:11,320 Remember our keyword formats. 49 00:03:11,350 --> 00:03:16,350 We have our new item for item in list. 50 00:03:17,230 --> 00:03:20,200 Now, in this case, our list is actually not a list. 51 00:03:20,380 --> 00:03:25,330 It's actually going to be a range because we're going to create a range using 52 00:03:25,360 --> 00:03:30,360 this random number. So we generate a range between zero and this number minus 53 00:03:31,540 --> 00:03:36,010 one. So we can pass in our number letters into here. 54 00:03:37,210 --> 00:03:40,810 Each of the items is actually not important. 55 00:03:40,990 --> 00:03:44,800 We don't actually need to use it so we can just use an underscore to replace it. 56 00:03:45,430 --> 00:03:48,490 But what is important is what the new item is going to be, 57 00:03:48,910 --> 00:03:51,880 because this is going to be created from random.choice 58 00:03:52,210 --> 00:03:57,210 and we're going to be passing in our list of letters up here so that we pick a 59 00:03:58,180 --> 00:04:03,160 random letter and we put it into our new list, password_letters. 60 00:04:03,640 --> 00:04:07,240 And then we're going to check to see how many times we need to do this by 61 00:04:07,240 --> 00:04:12,240 looking at the range. That line will replace these two lines of code, 62 00:04:13,660 --> 00:04:17,589 and we can go ahead and do the same thing for the other two sections. 63 00:04:22,140 --> 00:04:22,973 Yeah. 64 00:04:23,610 --> 00:04:28,610 These three lines of code uses list comprehension to replace these for loops. So 65 00:04:29,490 --> 00:04:33,450 we can delete those for loops and now we end up with three lists. 66 00:04:34,050 --> 00:04:38,310 Now we want to combine these three lists into one list so that we can actually 67 00:04:38,310 --> 00:04:42,720 shuffle it. So I'm going to create, again, this password_list, 68 00:04:43,380 --> 00:04:48,380 and it's going to be created by adding our password_letters to our password_ 69 00:04:49,980 --> 00:04:53,400 symbols and our password_numbers. 70 00:04:54,000 --> 00:04:58,170 So we're basically adding all these three lists together and putting it into one 71 00:04:58,170 --> 00:05:02,670 big list, and then we're shuffling it up in order to get the final random list. 72 00:05:03,180 --> 00:05:07,050 Now we can actually cut down on this code even further if we wanted to. 73 00:05:07,620 --> 00:05:10,680 For example, instead of creating a separate variable here, 74 00:05:10,710 --> 00:05:13,410 we could actually put it straight in like this. 75 00:05:13,920 --> 00:05:16,500 And instead of calling random.randint, 76 00:05:17,100 --> 00:05:21,330 we can actually say from random import the methods that we need, 77 00:05:21,660 --> 00:05:26,660 which is choice and randint and also down here we're using the shuffle function 78 00:05:28,950 --> 00:05:29,783 as well. 79 00:05:30,990 --> 00:05:35,990 So now we can delete all the places where we have random and we can replace 80 00:05:36,840 --> 00:05:39,810 these with just simply the randint, 81 00:05:42,060 --> 00:05:45,840 and we can delete these three lines of code. And finally, 82 00:05:45,840 --> 00:05:50,520 it's simply just shuffle and we shuffle our password_list. Now, 83 00:05:50,520 --> 00:05:54,810 one last thing that I think is a good thing to point out is here 84 00:05:54,810 --> 00:05:57,270 we've created an empty string called password 85 00:05:57,620 --> 00:05:59,870 and then for each of the characters in our list, 86 00:05:59,900 --> 00:06:04,550 we've basically added it to this password. Now that's easy enough, 87 00:06:04,580 --> 00:06:09,580 but these three lines could actually be done in a more Pythonic way. In 88 00:06:10,160 --> 00:06:12,890 Python there is a method called join 89 00:06:13,160 --> 00:06:15,680 which is available on every single string. 90 00:06:16,070 --> 00:06:20,480 So you could take a string like the pound sign and you could call the join 91 00:06:20,480 --> 00:06:21,313 method on it. 92 00:06:21,710 --> 00:06:26,710 And what it does is it will create a new string that combines all of the 93 00:06:27,920 --> 00:06:30,890 elements in this iterable, John, Peter, and Vicky, 94 00:06:31,220 --> 00:06:35,360 and it will separate them by whatever character you put here. Now, 95 00:06:35,390 --> 00:06:37,850 this doesn't actually have to be a tuple. 96 00:06:37,880 --> 00:06:41,120 It could be a dictionary and it could also be a list. 97 00:06:41,450 --> 00:06:43,760 Let me convert this into a list. 98 00:06:45,230 --> 00:06:50,230 And now if I go ahead and use the pound sign to join my list and run this code, 99 00:06:52,330 --> 00:06:54,100 ou can see, 100 00:06:54,460 --> 00:06:57,220 I end up with the same results. Now, 101 00:06:57,220 --> 00:07:01,780 what if I actually delete this pound sign and I just have an empty string? 102 00:07:02,200 --> 00:07:05,350 Well, this will work as well. And what it does, 103 00:07:05,410 --> 00:07:10,410 it will join all of the elements in that list with no separation. 104 00:07:11,770 --> 00:07:16,270 That's basically what we're trying to do here, right? So instead of all of this, 105 00:07:17,080 --> 00:07:19,060 I can simply just write 106 00:07:19,540 --> 00:07:22,360 " ".join, 107 00:07:22,840 --> 00:07:26,410 and then pass in my list which is my password_list. 108 00:07:26,920 --> 00:07:29,800 And this would be equal to my password. 109 00:07:30,850 --> 00:07:35,560 And that replaces all of these lines of code. Right now 110 00:07:35,590 --> 00:07:38,980 if I run my code as it is, you can see 111 00:07:39,040 --> 00:07:44,040 I still generate my password and it still is super secure and super long 112 00:07:44,740 --> 00:07:49,450 and in fact, you can modify that by changing how many password letters you want, 113 00:07:49,450 --> 00:07:51,400 how many symbols, how many numbers, 114 00:07:51,880 --> 00:07:55,390 and you can change these up to make it even more secure. 115 00:07:55,780 --> 00:08:00,780 But we've greatly shortened this code from our day 5's work because we now 116 00:08:00,970 --> 00:08:03,190 know things like list comprehensions, 117 00:08:03,340 --> 00:08:05,830 and we've now learned the join method as well. 118 00:08:06,550 --> 00:08:11,050 So this entire section is our password generator mechanism. 119 00:08:11,530 --> 00:08:15,520 If we embed all of this inside a function 120 00:08:15,550 --> 00:08:19,330 so we could call it generate_password 121 00:08:19,390 --> 00:08:21,490 which is what it's pretty much going to do, 122 00:08:22,000 --> 00:08:27,000 then we can call this function when the user presses on that generate password 123 00:08:27,280 --> 00:08:28,113 button. 124 00:08:28,300 --> 00:08:33,299 So let's add another command and add in our generate_password function here. 125 00:08:35,799 --> 00:08:39,789 Now, what we don't want though is we don't want to print out the password, 126 00:08:39,789 --> 00:08:44,049 that's not very useful for the user who's using a graphical user interface. 127 00:08:44,500 --> 00:08:48,580 Instead, we want to populate this entry with the password. 128 00:08:49,000 --> 00:08:50,260 Do you remember how to do that? 129 00:08:50,620 --> 00:08:53,680 If you do, pause the video and complete this as a challenge. 130 00:08:54,100 --> 00:08:56,100 If you don't, I'm to show you how to do it. 131 00:08:58,020 --> 00:09:01,890 So it's the same way as what we did with our email. 132 00:09:02,280 --> 00:09:06,750 Remember how we wanted our email entry to have a starting value, 133 00:09:07,080 --> 00:09:10,110 the user's email. Well, we'll do the same thing here. 134 00:09:10,470 --> 00:09:15,390 So we can tap into our password entry and we call the method insert. 135 00:09:15,900 --> 00:09:19,650 Now the position that we want to insert our text is going to be at the very 136 00:09:19,650 --> 00:09:20,220 start, 137 00:09:20,220 --> 00:09:25,220 so the zeroth character, and the text that we want to insert into it is of course 138 00:09:25,410 --> 00:09:29,160 our newly created password. So now 139 00:09:29,160 --> 00:09:32,640 if I run my code, you can see as soon as I click on this button, 140 00:09:32,940 --> 00:09:37,940 a random and beautifully complex password gets generated and populated in here. 141 00:09:39,120 --> 00:09:42,180 Now, whenever I sign up for a new website, 142 00:09:42,960 --> 00:09:45,390 then I can simply just type in the name of the website, 143 00:09:45,660 --> 00:09:49,770 generate my password and hit add, and I'm already done. 144 00:09:50,490 --> 00:09:54,390 Now we've incorporated our generate password functionality, 145 00:09:54,660 --> 00:09:58,050 we're able to save all data to our data file. 146 00:09:58,350 --> 00:10:00,270 The very last thing I want to show you 147 00:10:00,270 --> 00:10:05,270 which is a really neat trick that you can do with Python is the ability to put 148 00:10:05,430 --> 00:10:10,430 strings into the clipboard so that once we click generate_password, 149 00:10:11,280 --> 00:10:12,570 this entire string, 150 00:10:12,600 --> 00:10:17,250 I don't actually have to go ahead and highlight it and then copy it and then get 151 00:10:17,250 --> 00:10:21,150 hold of it. Because in most cases, once I've generated my password, 152 00:10:21,210 --> 00:10:25,620 I want to be able to immediately paste it into somewhere where I'm signing up 153 00:10:25,620 --> 00:10:27,930 for, right? I want to be able to just simply hit 154 00:10:28,550 --> 00:10:29,383 paste. 155 00:10:30,410 --> 00:10:33,830 So how can we do that? Well, we can use a Python project 156 00:10:34,130 --> 00:10:38,840 which is called pyperclip. And this is a cross-platform Python module 157 00:10:39,170 --> 00:10:43,580 that just makes it so easy to work with copy and pasting for clipboard 158 00:10:43,580 --> 00:10:47,870 functions. All we have to do is import it 159 00:10:48,260 --> 00:10:52,490 and then we say, copy, and we pass in the text to be copied. 160 00:10:52,880 --> 00:10:56,510 Or you can hit paste and it'll paste whatever is in the clipboard. 161 00:10:56,990 --> 00:10:59,420 We're only really interested in these two parts. 162 00:10:59,540 --> 00:11:04,310 So two lines of code gets us that functionality. Going back to our code, 163 00:11:04,340 --> 00:11:05,630 scrolling to the very top, 164 00:11:05,690 --> 00:11:09,680 let's go ahead and import our pyperclip. 165 00:11:09,710 --> 00:11:13,640 Make sure that you spelled it right. You can check it against this link 166 00:11:13,670 --> 00:11:15,500 which I've got in the course resources. 167 00:11:16,370 --> 00:11:20,780 And once we type that you can see that PyCharm is already telling us you don't 168 00:11:20,780 --> 00:11:23,330 have this package. So go ahead and install it. 169 00:11:23,990 --> 00:11:27,320 Once it's been successfully installed (it's a very small module) 170 00:11:27,620 --> 00:11:28,880 then we can use it. 171 00:11:29,420 --> 00:11:33,440 And the part where we're going to use it is when we generate our password. 172 00:11:33,950 --> 00:11:38,600 So once we've generated our password, we're going to call pyperclip 173 00:11:41,360 --> 00:11:45,410 and we're going to call the copy method. Now, inside here, 174 00:11:45,410 --> 00:11:48,440 we have to put the text that we want to copy into the clipboard, 175 00:11:48,680 --> 00:11:50,660 which is going to be the password. 176 00:11:51,860 --> 00:11:56,860 So now when we run and I generate a new password, right now 177 00:11:57,160 --> 00:11:59,170 that password is already in my clipboard 178 00:11:59,230 --> 00:12:04,230 and I can show you just by pasting it into here with command + v. That makes 179 00:12:04,330 --> 00:12:07,450 it so much easier to work with our password manager 180 00:12:07,750 --> 00:12:12,750 because all we have to do when we want to sign up to a new account is to simply 181 00:12:12,820 --> 00:12:15,430 specify the website name 182 00:12:15,730 --> 00:12:20,080 and then we've already got our email saved and we've got our password generated, 183 00:12:20,320 --> 00:12:21,940 ready to paste into here. 184 00:12:22,870 --> 00:12:27,870 So that should make it a lot easier to have very secure passwords and also a 185 00:12:28,000 --> 00:12:31,930 place to check on what those passwords are when you forget. 186 00:12:32,740 --> 00:12:35,230 I hope you enjoyed building this project with me today 187 00:12:35,590 --> 00:12:39,010 and that you are going to put this into good use and make sure that all of your 188 00:12:39,010 --> 00:12:44,010 websites and all of your data and all of your accounts are secured with a good 189 00:12:44,650 --> 00:12:45,610 quality password. 190 00:12:45,630 --> 00:12:45,930 All right.