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Now I hope you've given this project a good go because I'm going to now go

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through the solution for the normal starting project. Now,

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the important thing to stress here is that if you used one of the hard starting 

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project or the extra hard starting project,

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you might have ended up with a different method of doing the same thing.

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And often I get students asking me,

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what is the right way of doing things?

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And this is not really the thing that you should focus on. Instead,

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use your creativity, you use your skills

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and make sure that your program does what you want it to.

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There is no real right answer.

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It really depends on your preferences or even what it is that you know how to

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do.

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If you can get this project to work using just your own skills and a bit of

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Googling, a bit of Stack Overflow, as long as you managed to get it to work,

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it's way more important than what is the right way of doing things.

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So all of that, I'm trying to say that I'm going to go through the solution,

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but don't view this as the ultimate solution. And if you did it a different way,

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that's totally fine as long as it works. Alright, let's get started. So here,

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I've got these starting files for the normal starting project,

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and I'm going to go through each of the lines line by line to create our final

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birthday wisher project.

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The first thing the instruction tells us to do is to go into this birthdays

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.csv and update this with some birthdays of our friends and family.

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So I'm going to replace all the data that's currently in here,

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and I'm going to add some data of my own. Now,

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the thing that we have to do in order to test this code is to make sure that one

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of these rows of data actually matches an email that we can access

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and also today's month and day.

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So today is July 14th

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so I'm going to update those two numbers and the year doesn't matter so much in

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this case. Once I've done that,

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I'm going to hit save, command + s or just go to file and go to save all.

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And you can also see the shortcut for your particular operating system there as

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well. Now, inside my main.py,

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I've now completed this step. So I'm going to go ahead and delete it.

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Now, step 2 is the hardest.

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And here we have to check if today's date matches a birthday in the birthday

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CSV.

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The first thing I'm going to do is I'm going to import datetime

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because that's going to be crucial for me to be able to figure out what today's

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date actually is. And in fact, that is what hint one says.

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It says to create a tuple from today's month and day using the datetime

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module. This is essentially what we want to create.

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So how do we get hold of today's month? Well,

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we can use the datetime module and then the datetime class,

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and then we can call now and we can get hold of the month like this.

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Now we can simplify this in a number of ways.

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We can create a alias for datetime as dt.

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So then we can shorten this by a little bit, or

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you can shorten it even more just by saying, well, from the datetime module

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let's go ahead and import just the datetime class.

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That way you can actually set this to simply as datetime.now.month.

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Then we have to get hold of today's day so we could copy this

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and instead of getting the month we could get the day.

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So now we've created today. Now you can of course split this into two parts

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if you find it easier to understand.

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You could say that today well is equal to datetime.now,

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and then today_tuple is equal to a tuple

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which is today.month, today.day.

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So this is another variation and there's millions of variations out there

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of course. So I think we're now done with hint 1 so let's go and delete it.

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Now we're onto hint 2.

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We're going to use pandas to read from the birthday CSV.

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So we're going to import pandas. And once we've imported that,

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we're going to use pandas to read CSV and then provide our file name

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which is birthdays.csv.

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So I'm going to save this as a variable called data. And remember,

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this is now a pandas dataframe

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which we can use to do a number of things with including using these

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instructions to create a birthday dictionary.

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So what we're going to do is we're going to create a dictionary comprehension,

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and I provided the template here for you already. So you can use that

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iterrows in order to iterate through our dataframe that was created here,

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so data.iterrows,

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and then we'll get hold of the index of each of those rows and also the data in

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each of the rows.

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And then we could create a new dictionary with a new key and a new value from

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all of these things that we've iterated through.

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What is that new key going to be? Well, it's going to look something like this,

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right?

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We're hoping to create this birthday dictionary using this particular format.

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Now the key is going to be a tuple that consists of the birthday month and the

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birthday day

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so let's replace that new key with a tuple. And the birthday month is of course

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going to come from our data row. So that we're going to say data_row

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and then we can either use square brackets

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or we can use the dot notation to get hold of the data in this month column.

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So you can either say data_row.month or data_row square brackets

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and then month, like this. So it's totally up to you.

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And then the next item in the tuple which is still in the key,

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so we're still before the colon here, is going to be the birthday_day.

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So that's going to be the data_row

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and then we have to pass in the name of the day column,

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which is just the word day.

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Now, once we've done that,

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then we have to provide what is the value for each of these key value pairs in

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our dictionary. Well, what we actually want is the data row,

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so the entire row of data, and we want it to look a bit like this.

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So we have our tuple with our month and our day as the key

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and then the value is just the entire row of data.

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So we can simply replace this value with our data row like this.

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Now we're pretty much done with this part and we can delete all of these bits of

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hints and comments, and I can delete this example code as well.

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Now that we've got our birthday dictionary,

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the next thing we want to do is we want to check to see if today matches a

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birthday in the birthdays.csv.

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So you wanna check if this tuple exists inside this birthday_dict

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and if it matches one of the actual birthday month and days.

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So we can do something like this; if today_month, today_

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day is in our birthdays dictionary.

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Now this today_month today_day is of course going to be our today_

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tuple. And this way with this

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if statement we can check to see if this today_tuple with the month and day

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actually exists as one of our friends and family's birthdays inside this

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birthdays_dict. And once we've done that,

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then we can get rid of step 2 and move on to step 3. In step 3

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we're saying, well, if there is a match, so if this if statement is true,

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then we're gonna pick a random letter out of letter_1, 2,

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3, from our letter templates inside here. To do that,

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we're going to need to think about the relative file path.

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So we have to access the letter template folder to get to

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each of these files.

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The file path will look something like this.

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It will be letter_template/ one of these letters for example,

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letter_1.txt or letter_2 or 3. In fact,

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this particular number is going to be something that we're going to generate

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randomly and we're going to put in there as a f-string.

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So I need to now import the random module in addition to everything else.

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And we can go ahead and call the random module and get a randint between one and

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three.

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Like this.

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So now we've completed these two hints, and finally,

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we're going to use the replace() method to replace the name placeholder inside each of

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these letters right here with the actual name of the person whose birthday it is.

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Here I've linked it to the documentation for the replace keyword

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and this is what it looks like. For example, if we have a string like this,

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then we can say text.replace, take the word that we want to take out

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and then the word we want to put in. In our case,

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we're going to have to read the text from this file with our 

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with open, and then the file path goes in here,

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and then we'll call this the letter_file.

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And then from this letter_file,

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we're going to get the contents by reading from this letter_file.

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Right.

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Now, once we've gotten the contents, then we can say contents.replace

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and the thing that we want to replace is that hard-coded name placeholder

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and the thing we want to replace it with comes from the current matching

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birthday.

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If the today_tuple exists inside our birthday dictionary,

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then we can get hold of the entire row of data

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...

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by taking our birthday dictionary and then getting hold of the item at the key

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which matches today_tuple.

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Remember that today_tuple is the month and day as a tuple and the birthday

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dictionaries all have keys as the birthday month and birthday day as a tuple.

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So we've checked that this tuple exists as a key inside the birthday

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dictionary,

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and then we use the square bracket to actually access the data row for that

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particular match. And then we've got the birthday_person,

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so from that birthday_person

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we're going to get hold of their name.

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And the name lives under the name column here.

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As long as we put the name as a string,

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then we should be able to get hold of their actual name right here.

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And that is the end of step 3.

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So now we're finally moving on to step 4

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where we're going to send our letter

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which was generated here in our contents,

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and we're going to send it to that birthday person's email address.

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So the first thing we're going to need is to create a connection and we're going

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to use the smtplib library to do that.

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So import smtplib. And then we're going to say with smtp

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lib.SMTP, let's create an object from that

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and we have to provide the host string. So as I mentioned before,

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depending on which email provider you use, it will be different.

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Now I'm going to put in my email and password at the top as constants.

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Of course, this is not going to work for you

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so you're going to have to use your own email and password.

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And depending on which email provider you use,

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you'll have to pick the correct SMTP. So I'm sending emails

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using Gmail so I'm going to change this to smtp.gmail.com.

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And I'm going to save this connection that I create as the connection.

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Step 2 is to go ahead and call the starrttls.

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So we'll get our connection and then call starttls.

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And then step 3  is to log in to our connection by calling login.

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And then we have to provide the email that we want to log into and the password

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for that email account. Finally,

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we're going to set up the subject and the content by calling connection.

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sendmail. And the from address is MY_EMAIL,

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the to address is going to be the email of the birthday person.

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So we're going to get our birthday_person

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and then we're going to get hold of their email by looking at the name of the

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email column, which is just email actually like this.

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And then finally, we can add in the actual message.

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I'm going to again,

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format this so that it's a little bit easier to read for you.

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And then we're going to set up our message.

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This is going to be an f-string and the subject is always going to be the same.

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It's going to be happy birthday.

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And then after two of these new lines, we can add the actual message body.

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Now the message body is going to be the contents that we created because, 

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remember, that takes a random letter, reads it

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and then replaces in the name placeholder with the birthday person's name.

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So that's what we're going to put in here.

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And now that's step 4 completed as well

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and we can now go ahead and run this file.

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And hopefully it will show us process finished with exit code zero,

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which is the best thing we can see. That means everything went well.

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And remember that the birthday

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which I set to test was this row of data.

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So it should have replaced a random letter's placeholder with the name of mum

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and it should've sent that email to appbreweryinfo@gmail.com. So now

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if I take a look at my appbreweryinfo@gmail.com,

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you can see the email come through, but you might notice a bug here.

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The name was actually never replaced. Instead,

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we're still seeing this placeholder.

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So this is a really common mistake that a lot of people make

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and the reason is because the text replacement comes out as the output.

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So it doesn't actually change the original text just by calling that method.

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Instead,

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you have to save it to a new variable in order to see the replaced text.

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So in our case what that means is we can't just say content.replace.

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We actually have to say contents = contents.replace.

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So we replace the contents and then we save it back to the original variable.

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So now if I run this again, you can see that this time

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our message actually has the name replaced in here,

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it has a random letter that it's generated and it has sent it to the correct

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email address. If you want to take a look at the completed code,

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then you'll find it in the course resources as the end code for the birthday

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wisher project

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and this contains a lot of things that we've talked about so far,

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including dictionary comprehension, reading CSVs,

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creating dataframes from pandas, using and creating tuples,

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working with dictionaries, file paths, opening files,

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replacing files, reading them, and of course,

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writing and sending email as well as the datetime module.

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So if you got stuck on any of these aspects,

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then be sure to take a look at the previous lesson where we covered them

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because we covered all of these concepts in a lot of detail in previous lessons.

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So make sure that you don't just skip ahead if you actually got stuck.

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It probably is an indicator that it's a good time to revisit and review some of

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these concepts. For example, if you got stuck on dictionary comprehension,

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then go back to the lessons where we did list and dictionary comprehensions

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and try out some of the exercises again, just to refresh your mind. Now,

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if you got stuck on working with the iterrows or the data that comes from our

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pandas dataframes, then go back to those lessons where we talked about CSVs,

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and we talked about pandas because nothing here is new,

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but it does require your understanding and your ability to know how to apply the

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knowledge that you've learned before. Now,

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the final thing I want to show you in the next lesson is how to get this code to

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actually run every day so it can actually check every single day to see if it

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needs to send out a birthday email.

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So for all of that and more, I'll see you on the next lesson.