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Now I'm going to walk you through the solution.

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And I want to make sure that you've actually given this a go before you look

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through the solution, because you can watch me type in code all day long,

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and it's still not going to get you where you want to be.

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So make sure you've actually practiced and you've struggled.

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Even if you get stuck,

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it's still better than just watching the videos and seeing the code written.

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You have to write code to get good at writing code. All right,

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enough motivation.

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Now I'm going to take the normal starting point to guide you through step by

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step. Now, notice how in the starting project I've included a bunch of to-dos.

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And one of the nice things about PyCharm is you can view all of the

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to-dos a found in the file and you can delete them as you check them off,

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and then you'll be able to see what is remaining. And when you click on it,

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it takes you directly to that particular to-do's location, which is really neat.

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Let's start from the top.

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We want to be able to use the alphavantage.co's APIs in order to get

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yesterday's closing stock price. So that's the first thing.

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How do we do that? Well, Alpha vantage is a stock market API

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and what we have to do is first set up an API key.

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You can select yourself as a student and then your organization if you have one

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and then enter your email. Now, once you filled in the form, you can click on

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get a free API key

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and you should see your API key show up below.

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Make sure that you copy this API key and save it in your project.

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So I'm going to head over here and right at the top,

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I'm going to add my STOCK_API_KEY as a constant like this.

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That way

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I won't forget it because it's actually quite hard to navigate back to this page

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and get your API key. Now, the next step is of course,

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the digging through the documentation. Now,

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for those of you guys who chose the hard and extra hard versions,

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I didn't really point you towards which part of the API documentation is most

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relevant, because I hope that if you had chosen to give yourself a challenge,

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you would appreciate having the opportunity to dig through all of the different

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things you can do with the API. Now, in our case,

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we actually want is the daily data.

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So this API will return the daily data

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which will give us the open price, the highest price of the day,

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the lowest price of the day, and also the closing price at the day

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which is what we're mostly interested in. There's a couple of API parameters

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which are required; the function

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which in this case is a time series daily, and also the symbol

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which is the name of the equity of your choice. In our case,

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we've already defined that at the top. It's the stock name right here.

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So let's see how we can fetch yesterday's closing stock price. To start

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we of course need our trusty requests module.

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And using requests

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we're going to fetch from the stock endpoint.

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So you can see that in their example,

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the end point is everything up to and not including the question

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mark. This should be all pretty familiar to you,

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but you could also just type in simply the one that I've already included.

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This stock endpoint. Now next we're going to need to add some parameters.

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So let's create something called our stock_params and let's see what we need

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to add. So we have to add the function

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which is equal to time series daily. I'm going to copy that

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so I don't make any typos.

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So let's create a Python dictionary and this is going to be the key and value.

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Next,

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we have to add our symbol and that is going to be the name of our stock or

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equity.

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The symbol, in this case, is simply going to be our stock name TSLA

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Right.

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And stock symbols tend to have a maximum number of four letters.

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So that's why you see it abbreviated like Snap for Snapchat or TSLA for Tesla.

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Now the final required parameter is our API key.

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The whole thing is not going to work unless we authenticate ourselves using the

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API key that we got just now,

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which is saved as our STOCK_API_KEY.

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Now that we've got all three parameters in there, well, we can add it to our

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request method, and it will just add it as the stock_params.

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Now let's save this as the response and let's print out what the response

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actually look like when it's in the format of a JSON.

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So let's run this code and I'm getting a error that says indentation error

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unexpected indent. And that's because my stock_params here

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really should actually be within the same indentation as the starting point

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like this. So be careful that when you have a to-do that's

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indented every line that you start afterward is going to be indented as

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well.

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So it probably helps to just unindent everything so that they will start at the

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margin here. So let's try that again.

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And this time it looks like we're getting back actual data in the format of

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a JSON. Let's view it using our JSON viewer.

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You can see that we've got some metadata

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which basically just describes what we told the API. For example,

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we wanted the Tesla symbol and we wanted the daily price.

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But what we're actually interested is in the time series daily data.

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So you can see it's giving us the data for all of the dates prior to today.

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So currently it's 22nd of July

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so we can see the complete data for the 21st of July and the 20th of July. Right

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now, what we're interested in is yesterday's closing stock price.

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So this is yesterday and this is the closing stock price.

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So it's 1,568. How do we get hold of it? Well,

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we have to step through a number of keys in order to get to this particular

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value. First,

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we need to pass in our time series daily and notice how this has brackets and

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everything. We have to include all of the spaces, all the brackets in our key.

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Let's say that our data is equal to the response.

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json, let's go ahead and add a square bracket,

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and then we can provide the key

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which I'm actually just going to copy from down here.

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So I don't make any typos and

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make sure that I preserve all of the spaces and all of the symbols.

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So basically everything in between the quotation marks like this.

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Now, if we print our data,

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you can see it's stepped into that particular dictionary

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and it's now giving us all of this data. But this is not a list.

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As you can see, the data starts out with a curly bracket. In fact,

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it's a really big dictionary with the key being the date.

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Now, while I can tap into yesterday's data

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by simply providing this as the key,

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this is going to be pretty hard-coded because once I get to tomorrow

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when it becomes the 23rd, then yesterday's date is going to change.

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So we have to figure out another way of getting hold of that first value.

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How about turning this large dictionary into a list where we get each of the

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pieces of data that's associated with each of the keys? To do that,

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we're going to need to do a bit of a list comprehension.

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So I'm going to create a variable called data_list

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and then I'm going to use my list comprehension keywords.

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So we did list comprehensions a while back,

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but this might be a good time to remind yourself of how to use it.

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It's going to be new item for item in list.

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Our list is actually not a list. It's in fact a dictionary.

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So we're going to tap into our data, which is the dictionary,

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and we're going to call the items method on it.

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And this is going to give us not just the item,

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but the key and the value.

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So we're actually only interested in the values. So we can put that in here

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so that each item in this new list is composed of only the values and not the

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keys. Now, if I print this data list,

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you can see I've now got a list denoted by the square brackets

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and each item in the list is a dictionary with each day's data. Using that I can

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get hold of yesterday_

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data by simply tapping to our data list and getting the object at index zero.

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Now, once I've got yesterday's data,

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then it's pretty simple to get yesterday's closing price,

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because that is simply stored under this particular key. Now again,

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notice how the entire key is this. It's everything in between the quotation

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marks, including the number and the dot and all of that.

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So this is a bit of a strange way of formatting your keys, to be honest.

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I haven't seen many APIs that do this because it's a little bit confusing to

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have spaces and dots and numbers,

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but that's just the way that they decided to do it.

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So in order to get the closing price,

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we can tap into yesterday's data, add a set of square brackets, pass in this

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particular key. So now if we print out yesterday's closing price,

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you can see we've narrowed down on the exact price of the Tesla stock at

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yesterday market close.

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Right?

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That's to-do number one completed. We can delete the to-do.

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Now

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the next one is to get the day before yesterday's closing stock price.

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So now that we've actually got this data list,

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it's pretty simple to do that; day_before_yesterday_

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data is going to be equal to the data list at index one

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because remember everything in the list is ordered going backward from today's

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date. So that is going to be the day before yesterday's data.

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And then the day before yesterday's closing price,

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we can fetch that in the same way

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by passing in that key 4.space close.

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And just to confirm everything works,

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let's print out both of the closing prices

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so you can see that yesterday it closed at $1,568

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and then the day before it closed at $1,643.

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So that's actually quite a big drop, almost a hundred dollars.

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That's to-do number two done.

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We've managed to get the day before yesterday's closing stock price. To-do number

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three

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involves finding the positive difference between step one and two,

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so yesterday's closing price and the day before yesterday's closing price.

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And it gives us a hint.

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Now the hint takes us to the Python abs function,

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which we've also seen before.

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It's a function that returns the absolute value of a number.

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So it basically just gets rid of any negative sign in front of a number.

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And this is what we need in order to complete to-do number three.

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Right?

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The difference is going to be yesterday's closing price subtract by the day

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before yesterday's closing price. Now,

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because these two are strings, if we actually run the code right now,

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you're going to get an error.

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And the error tells you that you can't subtract between a string and a string.

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We know that these numbers look like this,

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so we can quite easily convert them into a floating point numbers just by

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wrapping the float function around them. If we print that out,

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you can see that it's actually going to be a negative number.

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And the reason is because this is yesterday's price,

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this is the day before yesterday's price.

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The price actually went down by $74.

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What if we want to get the positive difference between one and two?

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Well,

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this is where the abs or absolute value function comes in handy.

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If we wrap all of that around the absolute function, now, if I run it,

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you can see we're getting a positive value instead.

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Now that's step three completed.

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We found the positive difference between yesterday's closing price and the day

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before yesterday's closing price.

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Now let's tackle step number four.

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We want to be able to work out the percentage difference in price between the

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closing price yesterday and the closing price the day before yesterday.

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The diff_percent is going to be the difference divided by the closing price

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yesterday.

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And in order to turn this into a percentage,

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we're going to have to multiply it by 100. But again,

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notice that this is a floating point number because it was calculated here,

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but this is still the string.

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So we're going to have to turn that into a float for this calculation to

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actually go through. And once it does that, we're going to print it out.

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We've got about a 4.75% difference.

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Now we can tackle to-do number five,

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which is if the percentage here is greater than five,

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then we're going to print get news. This is pretty simple.

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All we have to do is check if the diff_percent is greater than five,

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in which case we're going to print get news. Now,

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depending on the time when you're completing this project,

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the stock price of Tesla may not show a difference

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that's greater than five. Because in order to continue testing our code

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we're going to need this to be true,

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then we can change this number to a smaller number,

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just so that we can actually get it to work. So my case,

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the difference is 4.75. So I'm actually just going to change this down to 4.

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And now if I run all of this,

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then you can see it's going to print get news.

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So that is what we're going to do on the next lesson

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in the second part of the solution.