1 00:00:00,330 --> 00:00:03,690 Instructor: In order to start using Selenium Webdriver, 2 00:00:03,690 --> 00:00:04,830 we're going to have to go through 3 00:00:04,830 --> 00:00:08,340 a number of steps in order to set up our browser 4 00:00:08,340 --> 00:00:11,610 and also to install and set up Selenium. 5 00:00:11,610 --> 00:00:14,190 Now, the first step, if you haven't already 6 00:00:14,190 --> 00:00:17,100 is to install the Chrome browser. 7 00:00:17,100 --> 00:00:20,370 Now, while you can work with Selenium using other browsers 8 00:00:20,370 --> 00:00:24,270 like Firefox or Safari, we're going to be using a number 9 00:00:24,270 --> 00:00:26,760 of Chrome developer tools and also in order 10 00:00:26,760 --> 00:00:30,210 for you to work alongside to do exactly what I'm doing 11 00:00:30,210 --> 00:00:31,860 it'll be much easier if you're working 12 00:00:31,860 --> 00:00:34,650 on the same browser and the same technology. 13 00:00:34,650 --> 00:00:36,660 If you haven't already got Chrome than head over 14 00:00:36,660 --> 00:00:39,330 to the course resources where you'll find a link 15 00:00:39,330 --> 00:00:43,260 to download the latest version for your computer. 16 00:00:43,260 --> 00:00:45,780 So now that we've installed Chrome 17 00:00:45,780 --> 00:00:50,190 the next and last step is to install and set up Selenium. 18 00:00:50,190 --> 00:00:53,680 In my main.py, I'm going to import Selenium 19 00:00:54,780 --> 00:00:57,030 and make sure that you spelt it correctly 20 00:00:57,030 --> 00:00:58,830 so it looks like this. 21 00:00:58,830 --> 00:00:59,820 And then we're gonna click 22 00:00:59,820 --> 00:01:04,473 on this red light bulb as always to install our package. 23 00:01:05,820 --> 00:01:09,210 Now, once Selenium has been installed successfully 24 00:01:09,210 --> 00:01:11,610 I'm going to change the import statement. 25 00:01:11,610 --> 00:01:12,660 I'm going to say that 26 00:01:12,660 --> 00:01:16,290 from this newly installed Selenium package 27 00:01:16,290 --> 00:01:20,490 I'm going to import a module called webdriver 28 00:01:20,490 --> 00:01:22,320 and it's this web driver 29 00:01:22,320 --> 00:01:25,170 which is going to be driving the Chrome browser 30 00:01:25,170 --> 00:01:28,290 and doing all of our automated tasks. 31 00:01:28,290 --> 00:01:33,290 Let's create a new driver from that new module. 32 00:01:33,450 --> 00:01:35,043 So driver = webdriver. 33 00:01:36,930 --> 00:01:40,650 and then we can now instantiate any browser of our choice. 34 00:01:40,650 --> 00:01:43,950 So in our case we're gonna be creating a Chrome browser 35 00:01:43,950 --> 00:01:47,760 to drive but you can see that you can also have Firefox 36 00:01:47,760 --> 00:01:51,333 or Safari and a large number of other browsers. 37 00:01:52,320 --> 00:01:54,210 We're going to choose Chrome 38 00:01:54,210 --> 00:01:57,000 and notice that this is Chrome with a capital C. 39 00:01:57,000 --> 00:01:59,343 So we're initializing a new object here. 40 00:02:00,210 --> 00:02:02,400 And now that we've created our driver 41 00:02:02,400 --> 00:02:03,660 we're pretty much done 42 00:02:03,660 --> 00:02:07,020 with installing and setting up Selenium Webdriver. 43 00:02:07,020 --> 00:02:09,660 But if you're wondering what this Chrome driver is, 44 00:02:09,660 --> 00:02:11,640 well here's the way to think about it. 45 00:02:11,640 --> 00:02:15,120 We've got our Selenium package, which contains code 46 00:02:15,120 --> 00:02:17,970 for us to be able to interact with browsers. 47 00:02:17,970 --> 00:02:20,460 Now, it can interact with the Chrome browser 48 00:02:20,460 --> 00:02:22,470 which is what we're choosing to do 49 00:02:22,470 --> 00:02:23,670 but it can also interact 50 00:02:23,670 --> 00:02:27,330 with a bunch of other ones like Safari or Firefox. 51 00:02:27,330 --> 00:02:30,150 Now, how do we make sure that this package 52 00:02:30,150 --> 00:02:32,280 which can handle all three 53 00:02:32,280 --> 00:02:35,523 knows specifically how to work with the Chrome browser? 54 00:02:36,750 --> 00:02:38,250 Well, we're gonna need some sort 55 00:02:38,250 --> 00:02:43,250 of a bridge that bridges the Selenium code to work 56 00:02:43,770 --> 00:02:46,050 with the Chrome browser. 57 00:02:46,050 --> 00:02:50,160 And this bridge is provided by the Chrome driver. 58 00:02:50,160 --> 00:02:51,720 So there'll be a different driver 59 00:02:51,720 --> 00:02:55,140 for Safari and there'll be a different driver for Firefox. 60 00:02:55,140 --> 00:02:57,810 And just by switching up those drivers 61 00:02:57,810 --> 00:02:59,790 it'll tell Selenium how to work 62 00:02:59,790 --> 00:03:02,730 with the latest version of these browsers. 63 00:03:02,730 --> 00:03:05,430 All we have to do is now use it. 64 00:03:05,430 --> 00:03:07,230 So the first thing I'm gonna use my driver 65 00:03:07,230 --> 00:03:12,180 to do is I'm just going to get it to open up a webpage. 66 00:03:12,180 --> 00:03:13,830 We'll use driver.get 67 00:03:13,830 --> 00:03:16,980 and then we can pass in the URL here. 68 00:03:16,980 --> 00:03:19,020 It's going to be https 69 00:03:19,020 --> 00:03:22,590 and then I'm going to go to amazon.com. 70 00:03:22,590 --> 00:03:26,340 Now if you're on Windows and you go ahead and run the code 71 00:03:26,340 --> 00:03:28,800 then it should run without any issues. 72 00:03:28,800 --> 00:03:31,563 But if you're on a Mac, this is what happens. 73 00:03:33,600 --> 00:03:36,960 You'll get a popup that says Chrome driver cannot be opened 74 00:03:36,960 --> 00:03:39,750 because the developer cannot be verified 75 00:03:39,750 --> 00:03:41,910 even though we know that this is actually created 76 00:03:41,910 --> 00:03:45,750 by Google specifically for the Chrome browser. 77 00:03:45,750 --> 00:03:46,800 So if this happens, 78 00:03:46,800 --> 00:03:49,260 you're gonna click cancel and you'll get all 79 00:03:49,260 --> 00:03:53,100 of these errors because it's unable to access that file. 80 00:03:53,100 --> 00:03:54,570 Now, in order to enable it 81 00:03:54,570 --> 00:03:58,120 we're going to go to the Apple symbol system preferences 82 00:03:59,850 --> 00:04:02,610 and then we're gonna go to security and privacy. 83 00:04:02,610 --> 00:04:05,520 And here, because we tried to run it before, 84 00:04:05,520 --> 00:04:07,050 we've got something that says 85 00:04:07,050 --> 00:04:09,360 Chrome driver was blocked from use. 86 00:04:09,360 --> 00:04:12,570 So we're gonna click on the allow anyways. 87 00:04:12,570 --> 00:04:16,950 And now if we run this again, then it'll give us this popup 88 00:04:16,950 --> 00:04:20,070 and all we have to do is click open. 89 00:04:20,070 --> 00:04:22,560 And once we've done all of that, 90 00:04:22,560 --> 00:04:26,280 now it's going to finally open up the site 91 00:04:26,280 --> 00:04:28,920 that we wanted to go to amazon.com 92 00:04:28,920 --> 00:04:32,640 using this automated version of Chrome. 93 00:04:32,640 --> 00:04:35,820 And you can see this because at the right at the top here 94 00:04:35,820 --> 00:04:37,770 it says Chrome is being controlled 95 00:04:37,770 --> 00:04:39,510 by automated test software. 96 00:04:39,510 --> 00:04:41,730 That is our Selenium. 97 00:04:41,730 --> 00:04:43,410 However, you'll also notice 98 00:04:43,410 --> 00:04:46,560 that the Chrome browser is also closed immediately 99 00:04:46,560 --> 00:04:48,990 after our program finishes running. 100 00:04:48,990 --> 00:04:51,180 So in order to keep the browser open 101 00:04:51,180 --> 00:04:52,950 after our program finishes 102 00:04:52,950 --> 00:04:55,590 we have to configure our web driver. 103 00:04:55,590 --> 00:04:59,160 So to do that, we have to get hold of the Chrome options. 104 00:04:59,160 --> 00:05:03,010 We can get those via webdriver.chrome options 105 00:05:04,890 --> 00:05:08,040 and then we have to add an experimental option in Chrome 106 00:05:08,040 --> 00:05:11,133 called detach and set that option to true. 107 00:05:13,500 --> 00:05:15,540 Now we pass that configuration over 108 00:05:15,540 --> 00:05:18,753 to our web driver via parameter called options. 109 00:05:19,860 --> 00:05:22,170 And now when we run our Python program, 110 00:05:22,170 --> 00:05:23,190 our Chrome browser 111 00:05:23,190 --> 00:05:25,713 doesn't close itself automatically anymore. 112 00:05:27,450 --> 00:05:30,660 So we've looked at configuring our browser to keep it open 113 00:05:30,660 --> 00:05:32,850 but we can also close the tabs 114 00:05:32,850 --> 00:05:35,910 and quit Chrome programmatically. 115 00:05:35,910 --> 00:05:39,510 To do that, all we have to do is tap into driver 116 00:05:39,510 --> 00:05:42,180 and then we can call the method close. 117 00:05:42,180 --> 00:05:44,340 Now, when I hit the run button 118 00:05:44,340 --> 00:05:47,760 you can see now it's gonna open up amazon.com. 119 00:05:47,760 --> 00:05:49,740 as soon as that page loaded 120 00:05:49,740 --> 00:05:52,380 it pretty much just closed it down. 121 00:05:52,380 --> 00:05:57,380 Now there's also another method called driver.quit. 122 00:05:57,570 --> 00:05:59,700 Now what's the difference between close and quit, 123 00:05:59,700 --> 00:06:00,600 you might wonder. 124 00:06:00,600 --> 00:06:04,590 Well, close actually just closes a single tab, 125 00:06:04,590 --> 00:06:08,760 the active tab where you've opened up a particular page. 126 00:06:08,760 --> 00:06:11,790 Now quit is actually gonna quit the entire browser. 127 00:06:11,790 --> 00:06:13,950 So there are certain cases where you have 128 00:06:13,950 --> 00:06:16,980 more than one tab running at the same time. 129 00:06:16,980 --> 00:06:19,380 Close will close that particular tab 130 00:06:19,380 --> 00:06:22,860 while quit will actually quit the entire program. 131 00:06:22,860 --> 00:06:25,050 Once I'm done using my driver, 132 00:06:25,050 --> 00:06:27,360 I prefer actually just using quit 133 00:06:27,360 --> 00:06:30,570 to shut down the entire browser. 134 00:06:30,570 --> 00:06:32,280 That way we can always start again 135 00:06:32,280 --> 00:06:36,450 from scratch and we'll have a fresh browser to work with. 136 00:06:36,450 --> 00:06:38,520 And in the next and coming lessons 137 00:06:38,520 --> 00:06:40,620 we're gonna show you how to use Selenium 138 00:06:40,620 --> 00:06:42,960 to do basically anything that we could do 139 00:06:42,960 --> 00:06:45,300 with a mouse and keyboard as humans 140 00:06:45,300 --> 00:06:47,280 but instead we're going to automate 141 00:06:47,280 --> 00:06:49,980 the entire process and workflow. 142 00:06:49,980 --> 00:06:52,020 So for all of that and more, 143 00:06:52,020 --> 00:06:53,620 I'll see you on the next lesson.