1 00:00:00,690 --> 00:00:03,120 Instructor: All right, so whereas in the last lesson, 2 00:00:03,120 --> 00:00:05,910 we were looking at local implementations 3 00:00:05,910 --> 00:00:09,150 of using Git and version control. 4 00:00:09,150 --> 00:00:11,730 In this lesson, we're gonna talk about how you can create 5 00:00:11,730 --> 00:00:13,680 a remote repository, 6 00:00:13,680 --> 00:00:16,890 so a repository that's hosted on somebody else's server 7 00:00:16,890 --> 00:00:20,760 or somebody else's computer by using GitHub. 8 00:00:20,760 --> 00:00:22,680 Now most people would have heard of GitHub 9 00:00:22,680 --> 00:00:26,610 and certainly by now, you would have used GitHub many times. 10 00:00:26,610 --> 00:00:29,850 So if you haven't yet set up an account on GitHub, 11 00:00:29,850 --> 00:00:31,890 then this is the time to do it. 12 00:00:31,890 --> 00:00:33,870 So head over to github.com 13 00:00:33,870 --> 00:00:36,480 and simply fill out this quick form 14 00:00:36,480 --> 00:00:38,910 to create an account on GitHub. 15 00:00:38,910 --> 00:00:40,380 It's completely free 16 00:00:40,380 --> 00:00:43,380 and all you need to do is just confirm your email 17 00:00:43,380 --> 00:00:44,680 so that you can access it. 18 00:00:45,690 --> 00:00:48,420 Once you've done that, go ahead and sign in. 19 00:00:48,420 --> 00:00:51,690 Once you've signed in, you should be looking at this page. 20 00:00:51,690 --> 00:00:52,740 And what we're gonna do 21 00:00:52,740 --> 00:00:55,590 is we're going to create a repository 22 00:00:55,590 --> 00:00:58,020 inside the browser-based GitHub. 23 00:00:58,020 --> 00:01:00,150 So if you navigate to this top right corner 24 00:01:00,150 --> 00:01:02,280 and click that plus arrow, 25 00:01:02,280 --> 00:01:05,129 then you can select new repository. 26 00:01:05,129 --> 00:01:08,040 And I'm gonna call my repository same name, 27 00:01:08,040 --> 00:01:09,990 I guess we'll call it Story. 28 00:01:09,990 --> 00:01:11,790 And let's give it a description. 29 00:01:11,790 --> 00:01:15,873 Let's say my masterpiece. 30 00:01:17,100 --> 00:01:18,480 Now by default, 31 00:01:18,480 --> 00:01:22,020 all repositories that you create on GitHub are public. 32 00:01:22,020 --> 00:01:24,930 That means that anyone can see all of the files 33 00:01:24,930 --> 00:01:28,020 inside your save repository. 34 00:01:28,020 --> 00:01:31,080 Everything that you commit to your remote repository 35 00:01:31,080 --> 00:01:35,070 or to your GitHub repository will be public. 36 00:01:35,070 --> 00:01:38,730 If you don't want that, then you can select private. 37 00:01:38,730 --> 00:01:40,080 But in most cases, 38 00:01:40,080 --> 00:01:42,480 if you're not doing anything that's top secret 39 00:01:42,480 --> 00:01:44,130 or if you're not developing technology 40 00:01:44,130 --> 00:01:46,710 that is completely brand new, 41 00:01:46,710 --> 00:01:51,030 then having a public repository is not such a big problem. 42 00:01:51,030 --> 00:01:52,830 And on the other hand as well 43 00:01:52,830 --> 00:01:56,160 you can see loads of other people's public repository 44 00:01:56,160 --> 00:01:59,370 and you can see for example how they structure their code, 45 00:01:59,370 --> 00:02:02,880 what is their style and you can see how people do things. 46 00:02:02,880 --> 00:02:05,460 For example on GitHub, there are whole repositories 47 00:02:05,460 --> 00:02:08,460 on things like Flappy Bird. 48 00:02:08,460 --> 00:02:13,170 So it's the entire implementation of a Flappy Bird 49 00:02:13,170 --> 00:02:15,450 and you can run it or you can also 50 00:02:15,450 --> 00:02:18,603 look through their code base to see how they did this. 51 00:02:19,710 --> 00:02:22,050 This is the beauty of open source code. 52 00:02:22,050 --> 00:02:26,130 And as you develop in your journey of becoming a developer, 53 00:02:26,130 --> 00:02:29,160 then you might find that you want to contribute 54 00:02:29,160 --> 00:02:31,200 to other open source projects. 55 00:02:31,200 --> 00:02:34,110 Help them out a bit and work in a virtual team 56 00:02:34,110 --> 00:02:36,300 to try and contribute your knowledge 57 00:02:36,300 --> 00:02:38,250 and your programming skills. 58 00:02:38,250 --> 00:02:40,560 Okay so, once I've selected public, 59 00:02:40,560 --> 00:02:44,160 the next thing is that I'm gonna leave this part empty. 60 00:02:44,160 --> 00:02:46,410 I'm not going to initialize a read me 61 00:02:46,410 --> 00:02:48,570 for my repository just yet. 62 00:02:48,570 --> 00:02:50,100 The next thing is that I'm gonna go ahead 63 00:02:50,100 --> 00:02:54,540 and click the big green button and create my repository. 64 00:02:54,540 --> 00:02:58,050 Now you can see that there are two ways that they tell you 65 00:02:58,050 --> 00:03:00,900 you can set up your repository. 66 00:03:00,900 --> 00:03:04,530 You can either set it up in GitHub on desktop, 67 00:03:04,530 --> 00:03:07,830 their desktop client, which I am not a big fan of. 68 00:03:07,830 --> 00:03:09,660 But instead, what we're gonna do 69 00:03:09,660 --> 00:03:12,750 is we're gonna use the command line instructions 70 00:03:12,750 --> 00:03:14,880 to set up our repository. 71 00:03:14,880 --> 00:03:18,030 So we are going to push an existing repository 72 00:03:18,030 --> 00:03:19,770 that we've got locally 73 00:03:19,770 --> 00:03:22,380 onto this remote repository. 74 00:03:22,380 --> 00:03:23,460 And to do that, 75 00:03:23,460 --> 00:03:28,460 we need to copy the address of our GitHub repository 76 00:03:28,710 --> 00:03:31,440 and we're going to use these two lines of code 77 00:03:31,440 --> 00:03:36,440 in order to transfer or push our existing local repository 78 00:03:36,600 --> 00:03:38,040 from the command line. 79 00:03:38,040 --> 00:03:41,580 All right, I'm currently inside my story directory 80 00:03:41,580 --> 00:03:43,830 which also happens to be the working directory 81 00:03:43,830 --> 00:03:45,780 for this particular project. 82 00:03:45,780 --> 00:03:50,780 And here, I am going to again take a look at Git log 83 00:03:51,330 --> 00:03:53,520 to see what previous commits we've got. 84 00:03:53,520 --> 00:03:55,950 And you can see that we've got two previous commits. 85 00:03:55,950 --> 00:03:59,763 And I would like to push both of these commits onto GitHub. 86 00:04:00,930 --> 00:04:01,890 To do that, 87 00:04:01,890 --> 00:04:05,010 the first thing is creating a remote. 88 00:04:05,010 --> 00:04:08,130 So it's telling my local Git repository 89 00:04:08,130 --> 00:04:12,300 that I've created a remote repository 90 00:04:12,300 --> 00:04:13,830 somewhere on the internet 91 00:04:13,830 --> 00:04:18,240 and I want to transfer all of my commits over there. 92 00:04:18,240 --> 00:04:19,680 So the command that we're gonna use 93 00:04:19,680 --> 00:04:23,550 is git remote add origin. 94 00:04:23,550 --> 00:04:27,060 Now origin is simply the name of your remote 95 00:04:27,060 --> 00:04:30,690 and you can theoretically call it anything you want. 96 00:04:30,690 --> 00:04:32,850 You can call it bacon if you want 97 00:04:32,850 --> 00:04:36,630 but by convention and it's highly recommended 98 00:04:36,630 --> 00:04:39,240 that you simply keep the name origin. 99 00:04:39,240 --> 00:04:42,480 And the reason is because most programmers are used 100 00:04:42,480 --> 00:04:45,060 to the conventional naming 101 00:04:45,060 --> 00:04:47,820 and that means it'll be much easier for them to understand 102 00:04:47,820 --> 00:04:49,710 what's going on in your project 103 00:04:49,710 --> 00:04:50,850 when they have a look at it 104 00:04:50,850 --> 00:04:53,100 instead of you doing something completely different 105 00:04:53,100 --> 00:04:54,750 which will be very surprising 106 00:04:54,750 --> 00:04:57,120 and it'll be a lot harder for people to understand 107 00:04:57,120 --> 00:04:58,470 what's going on. 108 00:04:58,470 --> 00:05:00,720 So git remote add origin 109 00:05:00,720 --> 00:05:04,560 and then we're going to paste the URL 110 00:05:04,560 --> 00:05:07,620 of our remote repository on GitHub 111 00:05:07,620 --> 00:05:10,650 and then we're gonna go ahead and hit Enter. 112 00:05:10,650 --> 00:05:13,320 And now that remote is created. 113 00:05:13,320 --> 00:05:16,200 So we can push our local repository 114 00:05:16,200 --> 00:05:20,340 onto our remote repository which is called origin. 115 00:05:20,340 --> 00:05:25,340 So we're gonna say git push -u origin main. 116 00:05:26,460 --> 00:05:28,290 And what this line of code does 117 00:05:28,290 --> 00:05:31,590 is that it pushes your local repository 118 00:05:31,590 --> 00:05:33,600 to the remote repository 119 00:05:33,600 --> 00:05:36,930 using the U flag or the U option 120 00:05:36,930 --> 00:05:39,270 which basically links up your remote 121 00:05:39,270 --> 00:05:41,250 and your local repositories. 122 00:05:41,250 --> 00:05:44,580 And then we're going to push it towards the remote 123 00:05:44,580 --> 00:05:46,230 that's called origin. 124 00:05:46,230 --> 00:05:49,320 And we're going to push it to the branch that's called main. 125 00:05:49,320 --> 00:05:52,200 The main branch is simply the default branch 126 00:05:52,200 --> 00:05:55,470 or the main branch of all of your commits. 127 00:05:55,470 --> 00:05:58,410 And later on when we cover branching, 128 00:05:58,410 --> 00:06:00,690 then we're gonna talk more about what is a main 129 00:06:00,690 --> 00:06:01,920 and what is a branch. 130 00:06:01,920 --> 00:06:02,753 But for now, 131 00:06:02,753 --> 00:06:04,140 we're just saying that we're going to push 132 00:06:04,140 --> 00:06:08,250 our local repository onto this origin remote 133 00:06:08,250 --> 00:06:10,470 and we're going to push it to the main branch. 134 00:06:10,470 --> 00:06:12,363 So let's go ahead and hit Enter. 135 00:06:13,650 --> 00:06:16,320 And there's gonna be a little bit of work being done 136 00:06:16,320 --> 00:06:17,340 in the background 137 00:06:17,340 --> 00:06:19,860 because it's actually going to have to upload 138 00:06:19,860 --> 00:06:23,400 your local repository to the remote repository 139 00:06:23,400 --> 00:06:25,020 on GitHub servers. 140 00:06:25,020 --> 00:06:28,260 And depending on the size of your local repository, 141 00:06:28,260 --> 00:06:30,633 this can take various amounts of time. 142 00:06:31,680 --> 00:06:34,890 Now once we see our prompt, so the flashing cursor 143 00:06:34,890 --> 00:06:36,360 or the dollar sign, 144 00:06:36,360 --> 00:06:39,480 that means that our push is successful. 145 00:06:39,480 --> 00:06:41,430 And as you can see it says 146 00:06:41,430 --> 00:06:43,320 Branch main set up to track remote 147 00:06:43,320 --> 00:06:44,850 branch main from origin. 148 00:06:44,850 --> 00:06:45,900 Sounds really confusing. 149 00:06:45,900 --> 00:06:48,750 But if you head back over to GitHub 150 00:06:48,750 --> 00:06:50,940 and if you're on the same page, 151 00:06:50,940 --> 00:06:53,490 all you have to do is hit Command+R to refresh 152 00:06:53,490 --> 00:06:56,040 or just press the Refresh button. 153 00:06:56,040 --> 00:06:58,920 And you can see that all of our files 154 00:06:58,920 --> 00:07:01,710 are now hosted on GitHub 155 00:07:01,710 --> 00:07:05,850 and it's complete with all of our commit messages. 156 00:07:05,850 --> 00:07:10,110 So if you go into Insights and go into Network, 157 00:07:10,110 --> 00:07:12,450 you can actually see our main branch 158 00:07:12,450 --> 00:07:16,257 which currently only has two savepoints or two commits. 159 00:07:16,257 --> 00:07:17,550 And if you hover over them, 160 00:07:17,550 --> 00:07:21,060 you can actually see the commit messages of each of these. 161 00:07:21,060 --> 00:07:22,530 As you build out your project, 162 00:07:22,530 --> 00:07:24,360 as you add more commits, 163 00:07:24,360 --> 00:07:28,920 either locally or pushing it remotely or probably doing both 164 00:07:28,920 --> 00:07:31,980 then you can see the progress of your files 165 00:07:31,980 --> 00:07:33,990 in your GitHub repository. 166 00:07:33,990 --> 00:07:38,280 So now, you can see all of the code if it's code file 167 00:07:38,280 --> 00:07:40,620 or in our case it's just a text file, 168 00:07:40,620 --> 00:07:42,870 hosted on GitHub. 169 00:07:42,870 --> 00:07:45,270 And you can point anybody towards this. 170 00:07:45,270 --> 00:07:47,160 And there are actually cases 171 00:07:47,160 --> 00:07:50,520 where people do a lot of story writing using GitHub 172 00:07:50,520 --> 00:07:54,570 just because it's so good at tracking your savepoints 173 00:07:54,570 --> 00:07:57,930 and being able to revert to previous versions in the past. 174 00:07:57,930 --> 00:08:01,440 So for example, if you head over back to the main page 175 00:08:01,440 --> 00:08:04,950 and you go to your commits, 176 00:08:04,950 --> 00:08:08,520 you can see both of those commits, when they were committed. 177 00:08:08,520 --> 00:08:10,080 And also if you click on it, 178 00:08:10,080 --> 00:08:13,650 you can see the changes that were made at those time points. 179 00:08:13,650 --> 00:08:15,720 So if we have a look at chapter one, 180 00:08:15,720 --> 00:08:18,000 you can see this is all we had 181 00:08:18,000 --> 00:08:21,180 at the point when we made our first commit. 182 00:08:21,180 --> 00:08:24,060 Previously, we said that we have a working directory 183 00:08:24,060 --> 00:08:27,120 which is the directory where we initialized Git. 184 00:08:27,120 --> 00:08:29,670 Then we can push our files to a staging area 185 00:08:29,670 --> 00:08:33,090 where we can pick and choose which files we want to commit. 186 00:08:33,090 --> 00:08:36,780 Then once we're ready, then we can commit our files 187 00:08:36,780 --> 00:08:40,830 or our savepoint to our local repository. 188 00:08:40,830 --> 00:08:43,080 So once you've done a few commits, 189 00:08:43,080 --> 00:08:47,610 then you actually have this timeline of various commits 190 00:08:47,610 --> 00:08:50,610 and this is called your main branch. 191 00:08:50,610 --> 00:08:54,120 So the main branch is your main branch of commits 192 00:08:54,120 --> 00:08:55,440 or savepoints 193 00:08:55,440 --> 00:08:57,600 and it is sequential. 194 00:08:57,600 --> 00:09:00,960 And this is usually where your main progress 195 00:09:00,960 --> 00:09:03,600 is saved or committed. 196 00:09:03,600 --> 00:09:06,960 Later on, we then introduced this idea 197 00:09:06,960 --> 00:09:09,510 of the remote repository. 198 00:09:09,510 --> 00:09:11,460 The important thing to note is that 199 00:09:11,460 --> 00:09:14,940 you can have a local repository completely in parallel 200 00:09:14,940 --> 00:09:16,350 with a remote repository, 201 00:09:16,350 --> 00:09:18,300 check the differences between them 202 00:09:18,300 --> 00:09:20,820 but you can also sync them or push things 203 00:09:20,820 --> 00:09:23,760 from your local repository to your remote repository. 204 00:09:23,760 --> 00:09:27,180 So in our case, the local repository is the Git file 205 00:09:27,180 --> 00:09:30,750 that we've got inside our story directory. 206 00:09:30,750 --> 00:09:33,600 And the remote repository is GitHub 207 00:09:33,600 --> 00:09:37,710 which hosts our code and also hosts all of the changes 208 00:09:37,710 --> 00:09:40,320 that were made in between the different commits. 209 00:09:40,320 --> 00:09:43,140 So we have this main branch of various commits: 210 00:09:43,140 --> 00:09:45,390 first commit, second commit, third commit 211 00:09:45,390 --> 00:09:47,940 in our local Git repository. 212 00:09:47,940 --> 00:09:51,570 And when we performed the command git to push, 213 00:09:51,570 --> 00:09:55,650 then that effectively pushed all of those commits, 214 00:09:55,650 --> 00:10:00,650 all of those various versions and changes and code pieces 215 00:10:00,900 --> 00:10:04,110 to our remote repository on GitHub. 216 00:10:04,110 --> 00:10:05,790 So that's what git push does. 217 00:10:05,790 --> 00:10:09,060 Now in the next lesson, I wanna talk about using gitignore 218 00:10:09,060 --> 00:10:10,680 and how you can avoid uploading 219 00:10:10,680 --> 00:10:14,220 sensitive pieces of information such as API keys 220 00:10:14,220 --> 00:10:17,340 or passwords to your remote repositories, 221 00:10:17,340 --> 00:10:18,600 for example, GitHub. 222 00:10:18,600 --> 00:10:21,120 So all of that and more on the next lesson. 223 00:10:21,120 --> 00:10:21,953 See you there.