WEBVTT 1 00:00:00.120 --> 00:00:01.050 In this lesson, 2 00:00:01.050 --> 00:00:04.170 we're going to talk about mobile wireless connectivity. 3 00:00:04.170 --> 00:00:08.130 This includes Wi-Fi or wireless networks, cellular, 4 00:00:08.130 --> 00:00:11.880 hotspots, Bluetooth, and near-field communications. 5 00:00:11.880 --> 00:00:16.110 First let's talk about Wi-Fi or wireless networking. 6 00:00:16.110 --> 00:00:19.110 Now with Wi-Fi, there are many different types of Wi-Fi 7 00:00:19.110 --> 00:00:24.110 including wireless, a, b, g, n, ac, and ax. 8 00:00:25.110 --> 00:00:26.970 As you move down the list of letters, 9 00:00:26.970 --> 00:00:29.430 we're going to be moving into faster and faster modes 10 00:00:29.430 --> 00:00:31.410 of using wireless networks. 11 00:00:31.410 --> 00:00:33.810 Now, to be able to use one of these wireless networks, 12 00:00:33.810 --> 00:00:35.190 you need two things. 13 00:00:35.190 --> 00:00:37.830 You need a wireless radio inside of your device 14 00:00:37.830 --> 00:00:41.070 which could be your smartphone, your tablet, or your laptop, 15 00:00:41.070 --> 00:00:43.440 and you need a wireless access point 16 00:00:43.440 --> 00:00:45.330 that you're going to be connecting to. 17 00:00:45.330 --> 00:00:47.130 Depending on which wireless access point 18 00:00:47.130 --> 00:00:49.560 is being offered in the area you're at, 19 00:00:49.560 --> 00:00:51.240 the speed you're going to be able to connect at 20 00:00:51.240 --> 00:00:53.580 is going to be based on those two things, 21 00:00:53.580 --> 00:00:55.650 either the wireless card inside your device 22 00:00:55.650 --> 00:00:57.450 or the access point. 23 00:00:57.450 --> 00:00:59.700 Whichever one is more limiting or slower 24 00:00:59.700 --> 00:01:01.830 is the one that you're going to be operating at. 25 00:01:01.830 --> 00:01:04.380 For example, let's say I have a newer iPhone 26 00:01:04.380 --> 00:01:08.730 and it has a wireless 802.11 ac adapter inside of it. 27 00:01:08.730 --> 00:01:10.680 That means my card will actually support 28 00:01:10.680 --> 00:01:14.760 either a, b, g, n or ac. 29 00:01:14.760 --> 00:01:17.250 But if I'm trying to connect to a wireless access point 30 00:01:17.250 --> 00:01:18.240 at the library, 31 00:01:18.240 --> 00:01:21.270 and they only have a wireless G wireless access point, 32 00:01:21.270 --> 00:01:24.870 my card is going to downgrade itself into wireless G mode 33 00:01:24.870 --> 00:01:27.000 and I will get those slower speeds. 34 00:01:27.000 --> 00:01:28.470 This is an important thing to remember 35 00:01:28.470 --> 00:01:29.550 when you're trying to troubleshoot 36 00:01:29.550 --> 00:01:31.560 wireless networking connectivity issues 37 00:01:31.560 --> 00:01:33.060 because it may be the device, 38 00:01:33.060 --> 00:01:34.620 but it may also be the access point 39 00:01:34.620 --> 00:01:36.240 that you're trying to connect to. 40 00:01:36.240 --> 00:01:38.670 Now, when it comes to wireless network connectivity, 41 00:01:38.670 --> 00:01:40.830 one of the biggest issues you're going to find 42 00:01:40.830 --> 00:01:43.590 is that wireless productivity on smaller devices 43 00:01:43.590 --> 00:01:46.860 is going to be slower than it is on larger devices. 44 00:01:46.860 --> 00:01:50.550 For example, if I'm using an iPhone versus an iPad, 45 00:01:50.550 --> 00:01:53.160 the iPad will normally outperform the iPhone. 46 00:01:53.160 --> 00:01:54.450 Now, why is that? 47 00:01:54.450 --> 00:01:56.430 Well it's because of the size of the antenna 48 00:01:56.430 --> 00:01:58.470 that's being used in that device. 49 00:01:58.470 --> 00:02:01.350 If you have a larger device, you can have a larger antenna 50 00:02:01.350 --> 00:02:03.720 and larger antennas can actually pick up signals 51 00:02:03.720 --> 00:02:06.450 from further away and they can pick those signals up 52 00:02:06.450 --> 00:02:09.060 with more strength, giving them faster speeds. 53 00:02:09.060 --> 00:02:11.220 So this is another thing to keep in mind. 54 00:02:11.220 --> 00:02:12.930 When you're looking at a mobile device, 55 00:02:12.930 --> 00:02:13.890 the wireless antenna 56 00:02:13.890 --> 00:02:16.770 is usually going to be inside of that device. 57 00:02:16.770 --> 00:02:18.690 This means if you pick up your smartphone 58 00:02:18.690 --> 00:02:20.040 or your tablet and you look at it, 59 00:02:20.040 --> 00:02:22.740 you're not going to visually see that wireless antenna. 60 00:02:22.740 --> 00:02:24.810 But if you actually opened up the device, 61 00:02:24.810 --> 00:02:26.400 you would see that wireless antenna 62 00:02:26.400 --> 00:02:29.670 is actually embedded along the outside edge of your case. 63 00:02:29.670 --> 00:02:32.280 The closer the antenna is to the outside of the case, 64 00:02:32.280 --> 00:02:34.080 the better it's going to be able to pick up signals 65 00:02:34.080 --> 00:02:35.640 from outside of the device. 66 00:02:35.640 --> 00:02:36.810 And so this again is something 67 00:02:36.810 --> 00:02:38.820 that is a design consideration. 68 00:02:38.820 --> 00:02:40.560 When it comes to wireless networking, 69 00:02:40.560 --> 00:02:44.400 you can enable and disable Wi-Fi on your devices as well. 70 00:02:44.400 --> 00:02:46.020 This can be done through the settings area 71 00:02:46.020 --> 00:02:48.900 of your mobile device, or if you're using a laptop, 72 00:02:48.900 --> 00:02:50.280 there could be a physical switch 73 00:02:50.280 --> 00:02:52.260 or key on your keyboard that you would click 74 00:02:52.260 --> 00:02:55.260 to be able to turn off or turn off your wireless card. 75 00:02:55.260 --> 00:02:57.090 When you turn off your wireless card, 76 00:02:57.090 --> 00:02:59.520 this means that the computer will no longer use it, 77 00:02:59.520 --> 00:03:01.740 and there will be no wireless activity going to 78 00:03:01.740 --> 00:03:03.090 or from your device. 79 00:03:03.090 --> 00:03:05.250 And if you work in a high security environment, 80 00:03:05.250 --> 00:03:06.270 you may have to do this 81 00:03:06.270 --> 00:03:08.550 before bringing your devices into that area, 82 00:03:08.550 --> 00:03:10.680 because they may only allow wired networks 83 00:03:10.680 --> 00:03:13.770 and not wireless networks inside those areas. 84 00:03:13.770 --> 00:03:15.540 The next area of wireless connectivity 85 00:03:15.540 --> 00:03:18.390 that we need to talk about is cellular connectivity. 86 00:03:18.390 --> 00:03:19.770 When I'm talking about cellular, 87 00:03:19.770 --> 00:03:22.230 I'm really talking about the cellular data networking 88 00:03:22.230 --> 00:03:23.850 that allows us to connect to the internet 89 00:03:23.850 --> 00:03:27.150 using our devices cellular radio inside of the handset 90 00:03:27.150 --> 00:03:29.700 and then connecting to our network service provider. 91 00:03:29.700 --> 00:03:31.890 Now, in terms of cellular technologies, 92 00:03:31.890 --> 00:03:32.820 we're going to be operating 93 00:03:32.820 --> 00:03:35.520 on one of two different underlying technologies. 94 00:03:35.520 --> 00:03:38.190 This is either GSM or CDMA, 95 00:03:38.190 --> 00:03:39.720 and which one of these you're going to use 96 00:03:39.720 --> 00:03:40.830 is really going to be determined 97 00:03:40.830 --> 00:03:42.810 based on the area of the world that you live in 98 00:03:42.810 --> 00:03:46.050 and which provider you're using in your particular area. 99 00:03:46.050 --> 00:03:48.090 For example, here in the United States 100 00:03:48.090 --> 00:03:50.550 if you're using T-Mobile or AT&T, 101 00:03:50.550 --> 00:03:52.530 they rely on GSM, 102 00:03:52.530 --> 00:03:56.910 but if you're using Verizon, they normally rely on CDMA. 103 00:03:56.910 --> 00:03:59.550 Now, if you live in Japan or South Korea, 104 00:03:59.550 --> 00:04:01.530 you're likely using CDMA, 105 00:04:01.530 --> 00:04:03.450 but if you live anywhere else in the world, 106 00:04:03.450 --> 00:04:06.420 most of the time you're going to be using GSM. 107 00:04:06.420 --> 00:04:10.470 So what exactly does GSM and CDMA stand for? 108 00:04:10.470 --> 00:04:14.250 Well, GSM is the Global System for Mobile Communication. 109 00:04:14.250 --> 00:04:15.540 And it's a cellular technology 110 00:04:15.540 --> 00:04:17.340 that takes your voice during a call 111 00:04:17.340 --> 00:04:19.650 and converts it into a digital format. 112 00:04:19.650 --> 00:04:22.590 Then the device is given a channel and a time slot 113 00:04:22.590 --> 00:04:24.780 so that your service provider can combine your call 114 00:04:24.780 --> 00:04:26.100 with several other calls 115 00:04:26.100 --> 00:04:29.070 to maximize the efficiency of their overall network. 116 00:04:29.070 --> 00:04:31.620 So let's pretend that you need to provide services 117 00:04:31.620 --> 00:04:33.750 to four users simultaneously. 118 00:04:33.750 --> 00:04:36.090 You could actually give each of them a quarter of a second 119 00:04:36.090 --> 00:04:37.950 to transmit their digital data. 120 00:04:37.950 --> 00:04:39.780 Then when it reaches the other side, 121 00:04:39.780 --> 00:04:41.250 it gets combined back together 122 00:04:41.250 --> 00:04:42.990 and converted into the analog voice 123 00:04:42.990 --> 00:04:44.880 that you hear through your speakers. 124 00:04:44.880 --> 00:04:46.500 So the person on the other end 125 00:04:46.500 --> 00:04:47.910 is now going to hear what you're saying 126 00:04:47.910 --> 00:04:49.890 and they won't even notice there was that delay 127 00:04:49.890 --> 00:04:52.050 because it's all happening in the background. 128 00:04:52.050 --> 00:04:53.760 This basic example I just gave you 129 00:04:53.760 --> 00:04:55.320 is a form of time division. 130 00:04:55.320 --> 00:04:57.090 And that's what was originally used back 131 00:04:57.090 --> 00:04:59.160 in the GSM 2G standard. 132 00:04:59.160 --> 00:05:01.020 But over time, it was modified 133 00:05:01.020 --> 00:05:03.180 into using different code division mechanisms 134 00:05:03.180 --> 00:05:07.680 inside of 3G, 4G, and 5G networks with GSM. 135 00:05:07.680 --> 00:05:09.390 Now, CDMA on the other hand 136 00:05:09.390 --> 00:05:11.970 stands for Code-Division Multiple Access, 137 00:05:11.970 --> 00:05:14.670 and it's a cellular technology that uses code division 138 00:05:14.670 --> 00:05:17.700 and splits up the channel using this code division. 139 00:05:17.700 --> 00:05:19.470 So instead of using time, 140 00:05:19.470 --> 00:05:21.360 we're going to be using some kind of an encryption 141 00:05:21.360 --> 00:05:22.860 or some sort of an algorithm 142 00:05:22.860 --> 00:05:24.780 for every single call that's being made 143 00:05:24.780 --> 00:05:27.090 that's going to have data going over our network. 144 00:05:27.090 --> 00:05:28.320 This is going to take the data. 145 00:05:28.320 --> 00:05:30.300 It's going to encode it using a unique key 146 00:05:30.300 --> 00:05:32.100 and then that data stream can be transmitted 147 00:05:32.100 --> 00:05:34.500 over the same channel as all of the other data 148 00:05:34.500 --> 00:05:36.450 without getting it mixed together. 149 00:05:36.450 --> 00:05:38.310 Now, on the other side of this equation, 150 00:05:38.310 --> 00:05:40.860 the receiver's going to pull it out based on the unique key 151 00:05:40.860 --> 00:05:42.210 for each of those calls. 152 00:05:42.210 --> 00:05:44.640 It divides it out and then it sends 'em back over 153 00:05:44.640 --> 00:05:47.190 in an analog format to the person on the other end 154 00:05:47.190 --> 00:05:49.050 so they can hear what you're saying. 155 00:05:49.050 --> 00:05:51.300 Now CDMA is actually a more powerful 156 00:05:51.300 --> 00:05:53.670 and flexible technology than GSM. 157 00:05:53.670 --> 00:05:56.130 In fact, when 3G GSM came out, 158 00:05:56.130 --> 00:05:59.220 it actually adopted a lot of the parts from CDMA 159 00:05:59.220 --> 00:06:04.220 and termed it WCDMA or Wideband CDMA, or UMTS. 160 00:06:04.650 --> 00:06:07.230 the Universal Mobile Telecommunications System 161 00:06:07.230 --> 00:06:09.870 So you may be wondering which one is better? 162 00:06:09.870 --> 00:06:13.200 CDMA or GSM, and which one should you get? 163 00:06:13.200 --> 00:06:17.070 Well before 3G, 4G and 5G networks were out there, 164 00:06:17.070 --> 00:06:18.690 there really was a huge difference 165 00:06:18.690 --> 00:06:20.490 between these two technologies, 166 00:06:20.490 --> 00:06:22.470 but ever since 3G was introduced, 167 00:06:22.470 --> 00:06:23.880 they pretty much are the same 168 00:06:23.880 --> 00:06:26.610 and they're using a lot of this CDMA format 169 00:06:26.610 --> 00:06:28.740 even when you're buying a GSM phone, 170 00:06:28.740 --> 00:06:31.380 because those are now using WCDMA 171 00:06:31.380 --> 00:06:33.510 or one of those evolutions from it. 172 00:06:33.510 --> 00:06:35.940 So the only reason I'm really bringing up this idea 173 00:06:35.940 --> 00:06:38.040 of CDMA versus GSM 174 00:06:38.040 --> 00:06:40.710 is so that you can realize there is a difference in support 175 00:06:40.710 --> 00:06:42.300 based on where you live in the world, 176 00:06:42.300 --> 00:06:43.740 because those underlying technologies 177 00:06:43.740 --> 00:06:45.720 are two different things. 178 00:06:45.720 --> 00:06:48.120 As I said, GSM is by far 179 00:06:48.120 --> 00:06:50.820 much more widely supported across the globe. 180 00:06:50.820 --> 00:06:53.370 So if you are your business travels a lot, 181 00:06:53.370 --> 00:06:55.830 you're going to want to carry a GSM supported smartphone 182 00:06:55.830 --> 00:06:57.270 or hotspot with you. 183 00:06:57.270 --> 00:06:58.440 Remember, it's important 184 00:06:58.440 --> 00:06:59.790 to check with your cellular provider 185 00:06:59.790 --> 00:07:01.800 for hotspot options in your area, 186 00:07:01.800 --> 00:07:03.720 especially if you plan to work out of that area 187 00:07:03.720 --> 00:07:05.730 for a long time before you head out 188 00:07:05.730 --> 00:07:08.370 to make sure what you have is going to be compatible. 189 00:07:08.370 --> 00:07:11.520 Most modern smartphones can also act as a hotspot for you 190 00:07:11.520 --> 00:07:14.160 by using either tethering over a USB cable, 191 00:07:14.160 --> 00:07:15.390 using a Bluetooth connection 192 00:07:15.390 --> 00:07:18.660 or doing internet connection sharing over Wi-Fi. 193 00:07:18.660 --> 00:07:20.310 For example, whenever I travel, 194 00:07:20.310 --> 00:07:22.320 I carry a cellular modem with me, 195 00:07:22.320 --> 00:07:24.090 and this is a wireless access point 196 00:07:24.090 --> 00:07:26.700 that's combined into a small form factor device 197 00:07:26.700 --> 00:07:29.190 that includes a cellular device inside of it. 198 00:07:29.190 --> 00:07:30.600 This way I can carry it with me 199 00:07:30.600 --> 00:07:31.830 whenever I get to where I'm going, 200 00:07:31.830 --> 00:07:33.360 I can simply turn on this device, 201 00:07:33.360 --> 00:07:34.950 and I have a wireless network 202 00:07:34.950 --> 00:07:37.980 that I can connect my laptop, smartphone, and tablet to 203 00:07:37.980 --> 00:07:40.230 and they can all connect to that cellular hotspot 204 00:07:40.230 --> 00:07:43.110 and use that single connection to get out to the internet. 205 00:07:43.110 --> 00:07:44.940 Now, there is one other major difference 206 00:07:44.940 --> 00:07:47.730 with a GSM phone over a CDMA phone, 207 00:07:47.730 --> 00:07:50.280 and this is the ability to use a SIM card. 208 00:07:50.280 --> 00:07:52.200 Now, a SIM card is how you identify yourself 209 00:07:52.200 --> 00:07:54.390 to the network in a GSM network. 210 00:07:54.390 --> 00:07:56.850 But if you're using a traditional CDMA phone, 211 00:07:56.850 --> 00:07:58.110 they didn't use SIM cards. 212 00:07:58.110 --> 00:07:59.730 And instead they used an electronic code 213 00:07:59.730 --> 00:08:01.500 inside the handset itself. 214 00:08:01.500 --> 00:08:03.540 This meant that that CDMA device 215 00:08:03.540 --> 00:08:04.830 was actually going to be configured 216 00:08:04.830 --> 00:08:06.780 and locked to a certain cellular provider 217 00:08:06.780 --> 00:08:08.100 and you couldn't always travel with it 218 00:08:08.100 --> 00:08:10.530 and change providers when you were overseas. 219 00:08:10.530 --> 00:08:13.800 For this reason, a lot of people preferred GSM phones 220 00:08:13.800 --> 00:08:15.690 because you can simply pull out your SIM card, 221 00:08:15.690 --> 00:08:17.670 put in a new one in the place you're traveling to 222 00:08:17.670 --> 00:08:19.080 with a local service plan, 223 00:08:19.080 --> 00:08:20.610 and that is a lot cheaper 224 00:08:20.610 --> 00:08:22.350 to be able to access data on your phone, 225 00:08:22.350 --> 00:08:23.610 using international roaming 226 00:08:23.610 --> 00:08:26.130 with one of your American cellular providers. 227 00:08:26.130 --> 00:08:27.210 These days though, 228 00:08:27.210 --> 00:08:30.630 all modern phones do support electronic SIMs as well. 229 00:08:30.630 --> 00:08:33.240 This allows you to simply download an app from the App Store 230 00:08:33.240 --> 00:08:35.970 and change your SIM electronically to a local provider 231 00:08:35.970 --> 00:08:37.380 to get the data service you want 232 00:08:37.380 --> 00:08:39.030 as soon as you get off the airplane. 233 00:08:39.030 --> 00:08:41.040 This again can save you a ton of money 234 00:08:41.040 --> 00:08:42.990 overusing international roaming. 235 00:08:42.990 --> 00:08:45.120 And it is a much cheaper way of getting data service 236 00:08:45.120 --> 00:08:46.680 when you're overseas. 237 00:08:46.680 --> 00:08:48.180 Now, your cellular modem 238 00:08:48.180 --> 00:08:50.220 is going to be embedded into your mobile device, 239 00:08:50.220 --> 00:08:51.570 and it needs to know how to connect 240 00:08:51.570 --> 00:08:53.220 to all these different cellular towers 241 00:08:53.220 --> 00:08:55.980 that are all over the world and their associated networks. 242 00:08:55.980 --> 00:08:56.850 To do this, 243 00:08:56.850 --> 00:09:00.180 your device is going to have something known as a PRL. 244 00:09:00.180 --> 00:09:02.970 The PRL is the preferred roaming list. 245 00:09:02.970 --> 00:09:05.730 And this preferred roaming list contains all the information 246 00:09:05.730 --> 00:09:07.680 about all the different cellular towers 247 00:09:07.680 --> 00:09:10.050 that your particular device and your service provider 248 00:09:10.050 --> 00:09:12.060 are going to support you using. 249 00:09:12.060 --> 00:09:13.950 If you need to update your PRL, 250 00:09:13.950 --> 00:09:16.620 you can do this under the settings menu on your smartphone, 251 00:09:16.620 --> 00:09:18.180 or you can enter a special code 252 00:09:18.180 --> 00:09:19.710 using your phone's numerous keys 253 00:09:19.710 --> 00:09:21.750 like star, two, two, eight. 254 00:09:21.750 --> 00:09:23.880 That said, most modern smartphones 255 00:09:23.880 --> 00:09:25.860 will automatically update their PRL 256 00:09:25.860 --> 00:09:27.750 or preferred roaming list for you. 257 00:09:27.750 --> 00:09:28.890 And so you're not going to have to do this 258 00:09:28.890 --> 00:09:31.260 unless you're troubleshooting a cellular connectivity issue 259 00:09:31.260 --> 00:09:33.060 on a particular device. 260 00:09:33.060 --> 00:09:34.860 Now, when it comes to cellular data, 261 00:09:34.860 --> 00:09:38.250 you can enable or disable the cellular radio in your device 262 00:09:38.250 --> 00:09:40.530 by going into the settings menu on your device 263 00:09:40.530 --> 00:09:43.170 or dragging down your finger from the top of the screen 264 00:09:43.170 --> 00:09:44.640 and turning off the cellular modem 265 00:09:44.640 --> 00:09:47.490 by pressing the icon for the cellular radio. 266 00:09:47.490 --> 00:09:48.570 In addition to this, 267 00:09:48.570 --> 00:09:52.110 all mobile devices also have what's known as airplane mode. 268 00:09:52.110 --> 00:09:53.670 If you turn on airplane mode, 269 00:09:53.670 --> 00:09:55.890 this will turn off your cellular modem for you 270 00:09:55.890 --> 00:09:59.100 as well as turning off your Wi-Fi on some older devices. 271 00:09:59.100 --> 00:10:00.480 This is because previously 272 00:10:00.480 --> 00:10:03.300 airlines didn't allow you to use Wi-Fi while on the plane 273 00:10:03.300 --> 00:10:05.010 but that has changed in recent years. 274 00:10:05.010 --> 00:10:06.510 So most modern devices 275 00:10:06.510 --> 00:10:08.460 will only turn off your cellular radio 276 00:10:08.460 --> 00:10:10.560 when you put it into airplane mode. 277 00:10:10.560 --> 00:10:13.680 On some devices, airplane mode can be very restrictive 278 00:10:13.680 --> 00:10:14.760 to the point that it will turn off 279 00:10:14.760 --> 00:10:17.580 not just your cellular modem, but also your Wi-Fi, 280 00:10:17.580 --> 00:10:21.450 GPS Bluetooth and near-field communications receivers. 281 00:10:21.450 --> 00:10:23.970 But again, this does vary from model to model 282 00:10:23.970 --> 00:10:25.200 and depending on the country 283 00:10:25.200 --> 00:10:26.850 that you have bought your device in. 284 00:10:26.850 --> 00:10:27.840 But at a minimum, 285 00:10:27.840 --> 00:10:30.420 airplane mode will at least turn off your cellular modem 286 00:10:30.420 --> 00:10:32.460 because no airlines allow you to travel 287 00:10:32.460 --> 00:10:34.740 with the cellular modem still enabled. 288 00:10:34.740 --> 00:10:37.200 The next wireless connectivity option we need to cover 289 00:10:37.200 --> 00:10:38.400 is Bluetooth. 290 00:10:38.400 --> 00:10:40.380 Now, Bluetooth is used as a short range 291 00:10:40.380 --> 00:10:42.000 point-to-point network connection 292 00:10:42.000 --> 00:10:45.240 between your mobile device and some kind of an accessory. 293 00:10:45.240 --> 00:10:48.180 For example, if you're using your smartphone with a headset, 294 00:10:48.180 --> 00:10:50.400 usually this is going to have a Bluetooth connection 295 00:10:50.400 --> 00:10:51.690 between those. 296 00:10:51.690 --> 00:10:53.580 When you're going to use a device with Bluetooth, 297 00:10:53.580 --> 00:10:55.350 you first have to pair that device 298 00:10:55.350 --> 00:10:58.290 by going into discoverable mode or pairing mode. 299 00:10:58.290 --> 00:10:59.340 When in this mode, 300 00:10:59.340 --> 00:11:01.530 your Bluetooth accessory can then be discovered 301 00:11:01.530 --> 00:11:03.030 by your mobile device. 302 00:11:03.030 --> 00:11:04.710 Once you find that accessory, 303 00:11:04.710 --> 00:11:06.270 you're going to click on it in the menu, 304 00:11:06.270 --> 00:11:07.530 and it's going to try to pair 305 00:11:07.530 --> 00:11:10.290 between your mobile device and that accessory. 306 00:11:10.290 --> 00:11:12.510 To make sure you're pairing to the right accessory, 307 00:11:12.510 --> 00:11:15.000 you need to enter a pin code or a pass key 308 00:11:15.000 --> 00:11:17.580 to be able to validate that connection request. 309 00:11:17.580 --> 00:11:19.590 If you're not sure the pin code for your device, 310 00:11:19.590 --> 00:11:21.330 check your manufacturer's website 311 00:11:21.330 --> 00:11:23.910 or try using zero, zero, zero, zero, 312 00:11:23.910 --> 00:11:25.860 or one, two, three, four. 313 00:11:25.860 --> 00:11:29.130 as these are the default combination for many devices. 314 00:11:29.130 --> 00:11:31.710 In addition to this, some devices in accessories 315 00:11:31.710 --> 00:11:33.450 will have an easy pairing mode 316 00:11:33.450 --> 00:11:34.890 where they will send the pin number 317 00:11:34.890 --> 00:11:37.200 from the accessory to your mobile device, 318 00:11:37.200 --> 00:11:38.550 and it will display it on the screen. 319 00:11:38.550 --> 00:11:40.350 And you'll just say yes or no 320 00:11:40.350 --> 00:11:42.720 whether or not you want to accept that device for pairing 321 00:11:42.720 --> 00:11:44.130 based on that code. 322 00:11:44.130 --> 00:11:46.020 For example, if I'm renting a car 323 00:11:46.020 --> 00:11:48.690 and I want to connect my smartphone to the rental car, 324 00:11:48.690 --> 00:11:51.750 I can do that by adding it as a Bluetooth device to the car. 325 00:11:51.750 --> 00:11:53.760 The car will display a six digit number. 326 00:11:53.760 --> 00:11:56.490 It will also display that six digit number on my smartphone 327 00:11:56.490 --> 00:11:59.250 and I can say yes, or accept on my smartphone 328 00:11:59.250 --> 00:12:02.310 to accept that pairing between the car and my phone. 329 00:12:02.310 --> 00:12:04.350 Now, once you have finished pairing those devices, 330 00:12:04.350 --> 00:12:06.420 you want to validate that it is working properly 331 00:12:06.420 --> 00:12:08.070 by testing your connection. 332 00:12:08.070 --> 00:12:10.170 If you've connected something like a headset, 333 00:12:10.170 --> 00:12:12.000 you can do this by simply playing some music 334 00:12:12.000 --> 00:12:14.370 and making sure you can hear it through that headset. 335 00:12:14.370 --> 00:12:17.100 If you've done a connection between your car and your phone, 336 00:12:17.100 --> 00:12:18.150 you can then test that 337 00:12:18.150 --> 00:12:20.040 by trying to make a phone call through the car 338 00:12:20.040 --> 00:12:22.620 and seeing if it uses your cell phone to do it. 339 00:12:22.620 --> 00:12:24.960 Once you validated that connectivity and tested it, 340 00:12:24.960 --> 00:12:27.180 you now know that your device has been properly paired 341 00:12:27.180 --> 00:12:29.880 and has a good connection over Bluetooth. 342 00:12:29.880 --> 00:12:31.560 The last wireless connectivity option 343 00:12:31.560 --> 00:12:32.393 we're going to discuss 344 00:12:32.393 --> 00:12:36.120 is known as NFC or near-field communication. 345 00:12:36.120 --> 00:12:38.010 Now, most of our modern smartphones 346 00:12:38.010 --> 00:12:40.950 do have an NFC transceiver built into them. 347 00:12:40.950 --> 00:12:42.570 This allows your device to receive 348 00:12:42.570 --> 00:12:46.110 and send information in the NFC format. 349 00:12:46.110 --> 00:12:48.930 Now, NFC is a near-field communication standard 350 00:12:48.930 --> 00:12:50.460 that allows for the transmission data 351 00:12:50.460 --> 00:12:52.320 over very short distances, 352 00:12:52.320 --> 00:12:54.390 normally between two to four inches 353 00:12:54.390 --> 00:12:57.000 but even going as high as about eight inches. 354 00:12:57.000 --> 00:12:58.140 This translates roughly 355 00:12:58.140 --> 00:13:01.110 to about the distance from your wrist to your fingertips. 356 00:13:01.110 --> 00:13:02.610 The whole idea with NFC 357 00:13:02.610 --> 00:13:04.590 is to be able to have a very trusted connection 358 00:13:04.590 --> 00:13:06.900 when you are in the same place as something else. 359 00:13:06.900 --> 00:13:09.090 And most of the time NFC is going to be used 360 00:13:09.090 --> 00:13:10.710 as a payment gateway. 361 00:13:10.710 --> 00:13:13.980 For example, if you use Samsung Pay, Google Pay 362 00:13:13.980 --> 00:13:16.020 or Apple Pay on your smartphone, 363 00:13:16.020 --> 00:13:18.720 you are using NFC for that transaction. 364 00:13:18.720 --> 00:13:20.190 Anytime you go to buy your coffee 365 00:13:20.190 --> 00:13:22.260 and you use your Apple Pay at the register, 366 00:13:22.260 --> 00:13:25.530 that is using NFC to transmit your payment information 367 00:13:25.530 --> 00:13:27.510 from your phone to that register, 368 00:13:27.510 --> 00:13:30.090 and then receive the authorization from that terminal 369 00:13:30.090 --> 00:13:31.770 back on your handset. 370 00:13:31.770 --> 00:13:33.450 If you want to disable NFC, 371 00:13:33.450 --> 00:13:35.160 you can do this from within your settings 372 00:13:35.160 --> 00:13:37.200 inside of your mobile device. 373 00:13:37.200 --> 00:13:38.370 Now it is important to note, 374 00:13:38.370 --> 00:13:41.670 NFC is not solely a payment technology. 375 00:13:41.670 --> 00:13:45.060 NFC and its communication standard can be used for anything. 376 00:13:45.060 --> 00:13:47.220 If you had a headset that supports NFC, 377 00:13:47.220 --> 00:13:49.290 you can actually pair that device to your phone 378 00:13:49.290 --> 00:13:51.210 just like you could with Bluetooth, 379 00:13:51.210 --> 00:13:52.980 but your big limitation here 380 00:13:52.980 --> 00:13:55.680 is you only have up to eight inches of distance 381 00:13:55.680 --> 00:13:56.910 for that transmission. 382 00:13:56.910 --> 00:13:59.190 And so if I had my smartphone in my pocket 383 00:13:59.190 --> 00:14:01.590 and I had an NFC capable headset on my head, 384 00:14:01.590 --> 00:14:03.330 that's actually greater than eight inches 385 00:14:03.330 --> 00:14:05.010 and they would no longer work. 386 00:14:05.010 --> 00:14:08.250 For this reason, you almost always see NFC being used 387 00:14:08.250 --> 00:14:10.170 for payment transaction purposes 388 00:14:10.170 --> 00:14:11.820 or wallet type applications. 389 00:14:11.820 --> 00:14:14.070 But I did want to point out that this technology can be used 390 00:14:14.070 --> 00:14:16.050 for other applications as well. 391 00:14:16.050 --> 00:14:19.350 For example, if you buy a new pair of AirPods from Apple 392 00:14:19.350 --> 00:14:21.900 and you have an iPhone, you can grab the AirPods 393 00:14:21.900 --> 00:14:24.360 still in their case, place it next to your phone 394 00:14:24.360 --> 00:14:26.910 and your phone will recognize that those are AirPods 395 00:14:26.910 --> 00:14:28.650 and then it can make a Bluetooth connection 396 00:14:28.650 --> 00:14:29.790 for you with them. 397 00:14:29.790 --> 00:14:31.350 Now, the AirPods themself, 398 00:14:31.350 --> 00:14:34.140 won't be communicating over NFC to play your music 399 00:14:34.140 --> 00:14:35.400 or make phone calls, 400 00:14:35.400 --> 00:14:37.530 instead, it's going to use Bluetooth for that, 401 00:14:37.530 --> 00:14:39.660 but the pairing process can be done automatically 402 00:14:39.660 --> 00:14:41.610 by using this NFC connection, 403 00:14:41.610 --> 00:14:44.100 and therefore we can use it as a form of validation 404 00:14:44.100 --> 00:14:45.270 and a trusted connection 405 00:14:45.270 --> 00:14:47.190 between the smartphone and the AirPods 406 00:14:47.190 --> 00:14:49.710 before moving to that longer range Bluetooth connection 407 00:14:49.710 --> 00:14:51.450 for our daily usage. 408 00:14:51.450 --> 00:14:53.880 So keep in mind, there are lots of different ways 409 00:14:53.880 --> 00:14:56.610 to use wireless connectivity with your devices. 410 00:14:56.610 --> 00:14:59.490 This can include things like wireless or Wi-Fi, 411 00:14:59.490 --> 00:15:01.920 cellular, hotspots, Bluetooth 412 00:15:01.920 --> 00:15:03.753 and near-field communications.