WEBVTT 00:00.180 --> 00:03.570 Welcome to the introduction to reap apology. 00:04.020 --> 00:06.180 Now first of all what is right apology. 00:06.180 --> 00:12.690 We've mentioned it a couple of times in passing and it's time to have a more detailed look at what in 00:12.690 --> 00:14.640 fact it entails. 00:14.760 --> 00:18.900 So you probably already have done it to some degree. 00:18.930 --> 00:27.150 It's basically remaking a mesh so that the arrangement of polygons is uniform and is often all quads. 00:27.150 --> 00:30.440 It can significantly lower the polygon count. 00:30.450 --> 00:38.940 Getting rid of unnecessary vertices which is useful especially for optimization and planning can help 00:39.000 --> 00:46.070 avoid doing much of it starting with the low level of detail and working up can help avoid it too. 00:46.290 --> 00:51.200 It's very tempting to start working at a very high level of detail and coming back down. 00:51.390 --> 00:55.650 Unfortunately that does mean then you have to create a base mesh. 00:55.650 --> 00:58.170 Now there's no right or wrong as always. 00:58.260 --> 01:03.350 Some people like working at the high detail know making the rough low poly model afterwards. 01:03.480 --> 01:09.360 Some people will prefer getting the rough low poddy model right first and then adding the detail to 01:09.360 --> 01:10.320 that's others. 01:10.380 --> 01:12.420 Pros and cons to doing it both ways. 01:12.420 --> 01:18.750 I would prefer to start a low detail and work up by purely I do understand if you like working at that 01:19.020 --> 01:21.700 detail level and coming back again. 01:21.990 --> 01:25.090 The big thing for me is it's time consuming. 01:25.100 --> 01:32.010 If the base mesh isn't right or doesn't feel right I know that very quickly if I've been sculpting for 01:32.010 --> 01:38.370 ages on a very high poly model try to get all that detail right and then find out that the overall form 01:38.370 --> 01:40.010 isn't quite there. 01:40.230 --> 01:45.690 I may have just wasted a lot of time there's a lot of things you can do to try and edit it but if the 01:45.690 --> 01:49.680 general form is wrong it's you're going to have to start again. 01:49.710 --> 01:51.800 Don't be afraid of starting again eeva. 01:51.960 --> 01:58.230 I hole I really do recommend trying doing something several times just to see oh well if I do it this 01:58.230 --> 02:00.600 way or that way how does that pan out. 02:00.600 --> 02:01.580 Does that make it easier. 02:01.580 --> 02:03.050 Does that make it more difficult. 02:03.060 --> 02:06.180 Does it make it easier in certain situations. 02:06.660 --> 02:08.520 So what is re topology. 02:08.520 --> 02:12.380 This is an example we made a bunny in the previous section. 02:12.570 --> 02:20.820 Using those metter balls and they basically generate a load of triangles is really dense mesh and you 02:20.820 --> 02:28.680 can see that when we take that and Rita apologize to that bunny on the right hand side you can see all 02:28.680 --> 02:29.940 of a sudden there's a. 02:30.000 --> 02:36.320 Well a lot less polygons for a start is easier to manage is where you can start to see those edge loops 02:36.330 --> 02:41.670 we've been talking about which makes editing and controlling the model a lot lot easier. 02:41.880 --> 02:48.540 And you'll also see that in general apart from the areas where there is detail we don't have a ton of 02:48.540 --> 02:50.360 polygons a ton of vertices. 02:50.430 --> 02:57.750 Remember these vertices as many as necessary but no more when that goes without a lot of things not 02:57.750 --> 02:59.010 just in blender. 02:59.130 --> 03:02.630 But if you don't need detail there then you don't need a virtex. 03:02.630 --> 03:05.100 It's as simple as that. 03:05.160 --> 03:06.660 Do you need to apologize. 03:06.710 --> 03:09.620 As is often a good question to have. 03:09.690 --> 03:14.070 If you look at your model in its state go back to this real quick and it's more like the one on the 03:14.070 --> 03:14.700 right. 03:14.740 --> 03:17.760 Anyway you might need to edit a few things here and there. 03:17.760 --> 03:23.880 Perhaps put in in a few more edged loops perhaps a break and edge loop or redefine where the edge loop 03:23.940 --> 03:26.280 actually meets one another. 03:26.280 --> 03:32.580 I can certainly see a few pointers or in the model itself on the right hand side there where I could 03:32.580 --> 03:36.490 improve the flow of where the edges go round. 03:36.930 --> 03:41.790 In general if it looked on the left and then you wanted to animator it'll do something on those lines. 03:41.790 --> 03:47.030 You definitely need to read topologist course if you were close to the right hand one in the first place. 03:47.040 --> 03:48.960 You may not have to do as much. 03:49.020 --> 03:56.010 So the answer is almost always whether it's moving one or two vertices to make an edge looped more defined 03:56.040 --> 04:00.860 or whether it's adding some detail adding another edge loop define an edge. 04:00.930 --> 04:02.920 Well that's what they do. 04:03.090 --> 04:06.500 But planning can help avoid it in the first place. 04:06.600 --> 04:12.600 If you're sculpting the original model ill often be necessary especially if you using dynamics apology 04:12.870 --> 04:16.530 because that creates a big load of mess. 04:16.530 --> 04:19.490 Like we can see in on that left hand picture. 04:19.710 --> 04:25.440 Where where I've added detail around the mouth etc. It ends up being incredibly dense. 04:25.620 --> 04:32.100 It leads to a clean and well defined mesh which also means that others can then work with your mesh 04:32.100 --> 04:33.260 to if it is there. 04:33.270 --> 04:37.430 If you've got a mesh that's kind of standard what people are expecting. 04:37.490 --> 04:43.850 So Edge loops around the eye etc. It becomes much more easier for others and yourself to work with it. 04:43.860 --> 04:49.980 It enables animation properties so if you've got to start deforming your model not just actually animating 04:49.980 --> 04:54.380 it but deforming it in any way it stops things like pinching. 04:54.390 --> 04:57.710 Especially if you made it up of quads. 04:58.230 --> 04:59.810 It allows you to refine. 05:00.020 --> 05:07.750 And easily edit your mesh and that can be a real godsend if you do need to make any alterations or indeed 05:07.780 --> 05:09.460 just minor tweaks. 05:09.700 --> 05:16.880 So let's try a bit of reeds apologizing now on some nice simple shapes and hop on over in a blender. 05:17.550 --> 05:17.870 Hey. 05:17.880 --> 05:19.890 So a backhoe in blender here. 05:19.920 --> 05:25.650 And I'm not going to read to apologize cube because that would be crazy. 05:25.860 --> 05:27.470 Okay some gotten rid of that. 05:27.480 --> 05:31.360 I'm going to give myself an eco sphere to work with. 05:31.550 --> 05:37.740 I'm going to increase the number of subdivisions and just bump up the size a little and thus making 05:37.740 --> 05:39.630 it a bit easier to work with as well. 05:39.630 --> 05:43.790 You don't have to zoom so much or zoom so close. 05:43.820 --> 05:49.740 So I'm going to hop into edit mode so we can just see how it's made up and clear the selection there. 05:50.040 --> 05:57.270 Okay so as you can see it's made up of a series of triangles and that's bad for modelling in general 05:57.270 --> 06:00.720 because we can't select the edge loops we can't. 06:00.720 --> 06:04.390 There's lots of things we just cannot do at this point in time. 06:04.440 --> 06:07.920 There are several ways of which you can start apologizing. 06:07.920 --> 06:13.850 It would depend on what you want to do and I would like to go through a couple of ways. 06:13.860 --> 06:21.900 Now how you can very quickly reet apologize without worrying too much about the model out or destroying 06:21.900 --> 06:23.030 the model in the process. 06:23.040 --> 06:28.320 But getting the loops that you want which can be challenging so don't worry if you start getting a bit 06:28.320 --> 06:35.070 frustrated take a step back and think about the crossroads that happens when you've got an edge loop 06:35.070 --> 06:37.510 and we'll see that in a few moments. 06:37.560 --> 06:43.860 So one of the first things you can actually do it instead of adding or taking anything away is moving 06:43.860 --> 06:51.450 things so you can move vertices around and question whether that actually sorts out your problem or 06:51.450 --> 06:54.080 your mesh flow or anything else. 06:54.090 --> 07:02.100 So in this case I would turn on a vertex select turn on the snapping tool turn on vertex snapping and 07:02.100 --> 07:09.750 then turning on Merge vertices automatically so that's questionable whether you want to do that because 07:09.750 --> 07:11.530 sometimes it can be undesirable. 07:11.610 --> 07:17.520 But in this case for instance I could drag this vertex and place on top of that one and then I've got 07:17.520 --> 07:24.780 a newly defined shape it's still triangles at the moment but it may be well on its way to actually getting 07:24.810 --> 07:26.730 a decent shape coming out. 07:26.790 --> 07:31.590 Now there's something you can do with a virtex which is kind of cool. 07:31.620 --> 07:34.520 It say this was the centre point of an eye. 07:34.680 --> 07:40.980 Now it doesn't make any sense that you can bevel vertex initially but it can be great for starting to 07:40.980 --> 07:42.820 make some edged loops. 07:42.920 --> 07:48.900 So saying you managed to get your eye to a point at some point and you wanted to bevel it you could 07:48.900 --> 07:52.300 actually do that and that is not the normal bevil at all. 07:52.320 --> 07:58.650 It's actually a bevell vertex tool so we need to go to the mesh operations vertices and in here we will 07:58.650 --> 08:07.200 see there is a vertex bevel she's control shift and or shift control be there and when we do that we 08:07.200 --> 08:10.860 can see that it's almost like you're in setting. 08:10.980 --> 08:16.830 But from the single virtex that's there and that can be incredibly powerful because once you've got 08:16.830 --> 08:23.250 that shape you can start creating some more edge loops by setting you can grab this edge loop round 08:23.250 --> 08:25.980 the outside then scale it in and out. 08:26.000 --> 08:30.750 Benim got snapping turned off at a moment so that's why it's jumping all over the place. 08:30.990 --> 08:36.600 So there's lots you can do with that one technique and of course by doing that you may have noticed 08:36.600 --> 08:42.660 we've got an ng on in the middle we can sort that out if we want to but we've now got an extra loop. 08:42.660 --> 08:48.940 Or even better a face loop that we can follow if we go to the next sort of loop around. 08:49.110 --> 08:53.910 We can see that we've also created an edge loop or a face loop. 08:53.910 --> 09:00.900 Both in fact here is where and that could be the definitions around and I know of course then you can 09:00.900 --> 09:06.100 use the loop cutting tools to add more and more detail in here. 09:06.120 --> 09:14.250 If you wanted to and then of course you can go in and start shaping things how you want them to be. 09:14.870 --> 09:21.060 So there we go there's a little I don't know volcano in the surface there and you can see how quickly 09:21.060 --> 09:24.170 you're starting to define the shape of your model. 09:24.230 --> 09:26.360 So that's one thing that you could do there. 09:26.360 --> 09:31.640 Now if you wanted to create a loop running around here you've got a series of triangles or maybe just 09:31.640 --> 09:32.760 one triangle. 09:32.930 --> 09:40.710 If I want to do this faking the loop here that band of faces ought to be joined together. 09:40.850 --> 09:42.440 I could go in. 09:42.470 --> 09:49.220 You probably see that you can make quads by combining two triangles as a couple of ways that you can 09:49.220 --> 09:50.650 go about doing that. 09:50.690 --> 09:53.450 In this case you could dissolve. 09:53.450 --> 09:59.720 You can select both of these faces and dissolve them change into just one giant face or undies you could 09:59.720 --> 10:01.780 dissolve the edge in the middle. 10:01.880 --> 10:06.770 So by selecting the edge in the middle and going to delete it but instead of deleting the edge you can 10:06.770 --> 10:08.800 dissolve the. 10:08.810 --> 10:09.320 Here we go. 10:09.320 --> 10:10.160 Edges. 10:10.430 --> 10:13.300 That has now created a quad. 10:13.370 --> 10:19.590 You can also select two faces and dissolve the faces and it creates another quad. 10:19.820 --> 10:27.090 Now if you carry on doing this round what you will find is you start to create your own face loop and 10:27.150 --> 10:29.570 then of course with comes a face loop. 10:29.750 --> 10:31.190 You'll end up with Edge loops. 10:31.250 --> 10:34.430 Now at the moment there's well as this one here. 10:34.670 --> 10:36.740 It's only two edges wide. 10:36.800 --> 10:38.920 But that's because it's bounded by these. 10:38.930 --> 10:46.300 If I can select these loops here now because there's a poll just here if we count One two three four 10:46.310 --> 10:51.410 five that edge loop gets terminated that would need to be four. 10:51.410 --> 10:58.680 And the problem is we've got well we've got this triangle here that's causing that problem. 10:58.850 --> 11:04.480 Now it could be a quad there if we get rid of this particular edge in the middle here. 11:04.550 --> 11:10.910 We've still got a poll here and this is how you can define edge loops and where they branch off and 11:10.910 --> 11:18.350 go to so you can end up with four call three squads meeting one another for quads would mean there's 11:18.350 --> 11:21.600 almost a crossroads of face loops. 11:21.760 --> 11:26.930 And then of course you've got five quads meeting together and that's what we have here. 11:26.930 --> 11:27.770 We've got one. 11:27.840 --> 11:31.490 Oh that's going to face we've got one two three four five. 11:31.700 --> 11:37.520 And because they all meet together when you try and select an edge lupi goes down here and goes across 11:37.520 --> 11:39.320 there so it's a way of defining it. 11:39.320 --> 11:42.670 And this one will go round this fake either. 11:42.670 --> 11:49.550 I've been making very very useful as one final tool that I want to introduce you to before I give you 11:49.550 --> 11:51.190 a little bit of a challenge. 11:51.260 --> 11:53.290 And that's the knife tool. 11:53.660 --> 11:59.790 So with the knife tool you can select it so you can go to the tool shelf and there's a button that says 11:59.810 --> 12:03.820 knife and you can see the shortcut there is k.. 12:03.820 --> 12:06.250 You can also get to it through the space menu. 12:06.410 --> 12:12.710 If I type in a knife we can see that it's knife topology tool with a k.. 12:12.740 --> 12:19.280 When you've selected it if you take a quick look down at the bottom of your screen you see that's gives 12:19.280 --> 12:21.410 you some instructions on how to use it. 12:21.420 --> 12:25.300 There you go off the end of my resolution. 12:25.310 --> 12:28.350 I've got here at the moment so I can't see all of those instructions. 12:28.460 --> 12:33.520 But this is the thing where if you right click right click is not how you apply this. 12:33.680 --> 12:38.120 So you got enter pad enter which is the number pad entry if you've got one. 12:38.120 --> 12:44.480 And space you can use to confirm the cut escape or right mouse button cancels left mouse button starts 12:44.480 --> 12:50.450 to define the cut in double left mouse button closes the cuts an E is a new car and those are the ones 12:50.450 --> 12:51.970 that I generally use. 12:52.340 --> 12:54.270 So let's just practice with it now. 12:54.320 --> 12:58.620 So if I cut there to here and then press space. 12:59.410 --> 13:01.190 It puts it in brillion. 13:01.240 --> 13:06.500 I will now have a faceless hoop running up there towards the middle of my eye. 13:07.370 --> 13:08.660 That's looking good. 13:08.680 --> 13:09.580 What else can I do. 13:09.580 --> 13:15.370 Well if I wanted to carry on it's very simple I can just hit the caky and carry on cutting I can just 13:15.370 --> 13:17.020 click and click. 13:17.020 --> 13:20.410 You can even click and drag as you're going across. 13:20.440 --> 13:25.340 I wouldn't advise that unless you're being really nimble or rough and ready with it. 13:25.510 --> 13:30.540 But I don't want that at the moment so I'm going to cancel it and I can cancel it with the escape or 13:30.550 --> 13:33.640 the right mouse button and you can see it disappears. 13:33.640 --> 13:37.690 Now if I've made a cut from here to here and then I want to make a cut from there. 13:37.900 --> 13:45.720 There I can't do that at the moment with out's drawing a line there and drawing a line there. 13:45.730 --> 13:47.430 Perhaps that's not what I want. 13:47.470 --> 13:53.230 So what I could do is draw a line from this midpoint to here then press the E key and start another 13:53.230 --> 13:54.980 one from here to here. 13:55.150 --> 13:59.870 Now will vary on what you're wanting to do to press enter to confirm that. 13:59.950 --> 14:05.920 And of course by doing that I've caused a few problems because I've broken up a load of edge loops there 14:05.950 --> 14:12.000 and again at this point I can just grab the knife tool and join those bits back together press. 14:12.220 --> 14:16.450 And now I just cannot test got a facelift running around their interests. 14:16.450 --> 14:20.050 Oh yes I've cut this triangle because of cut it here it's now a quad. 14:20.050 --> 14:24.730 It's part of this face Luke and of band and the other one at this end. 14:24.840 --> 14:31.210 When I select this one here you can see that this is kind of a loop going round itself which could be 14:31.210 --> 14:34.950 beneficial if you were working on hands or fingers things like that. 14:35.110 --> 14:38.470 But that's one loop and that's the other one. 14:38.700 --> 14:45.340 So you can very easily cut your way in to making some good top logical choices. 14:45.340 --> 14:52.210 That's a big word there but you can basically cut out the topology that you want from the mesh and then 14:52.690 --> 14:57.970 put faces back together if necessary so if these two needed to be back together a could dissolve them 14:58.360 --> 14:59.780 back together. 14:59.860 --> 15:03.240 And of course that leads me onto a challenge for you guys. 15:04.140 --> 15:05.760 Okay it's Challenge time. 15:05.760 --> 15:08.400 I'd like you to create some loops. 15:08.400 --> 15:14.610 So start with an AI code sphere roughly three subdivisions or more so you've got enough geometry to 15:14.610 --> 15:20.630 play with and create two or more face loops that cross one another. 15:20.790 --> 15:22.310 Now what I mean by that. 15:22.320 --> 15:24.770 I'll just hop over to blender and show you. 15:24.960 --> 15:31.290 So here we go if you're originally an ecosphere and we've got to face loops that are going round our 15:31.290 --> 15:36.840 model S a bit wonky in places but they're actually crossing over one one another. 15:36.960 --> 15:41.790 So we've got two defined face loops so we can get face select turned on. 15:41.800 --> 15:47.670 Here we can select that entire loop running around there and if we go this way round we've got another 15:47.670 --> 15:54.260 loop running around our model there so borza video now and give that a go. 15:56.510 --> 15:57.270 Okay guys. 15:57.290 --> 15:58.580 Welcome back. 15:58.670 --> 16:01.900 Let's go create some loops around and IKO sphere. 16:02.800 --> 16:07.140 Okay so in order to do the challenge I am going to save my work here. 16:07.150 --> 16:09.080 I'm going to go to a new file. 16:09.280 --> 16:17.890 I'm going to remove our cube that we get by the fall as I add in a new ecosphere with three subdivisions. 16:18.040 --> 16:19.820 And let's start work on it. 16:19.960 --> 16:23.250 So there is no quick way of doing this. 16:23.260 --> 16:25.510 It is a manual job. 16:25.510 --> 16:33.490 However what I can do here for instance is select every other one of these going round and hopefully. 16:34.100 --> 16:37.800 That will work as we go all the way around. 16:38.110 --> 16:41.150 And not that one that one that one that one. 16:41.930 --> 16:44.860 And thear should loop back round. 16:45.170 --> 16:46.160 Yes it does. 16:46.160 --> 16:47.020 Perfect. 16:47.030 --> 16:53.220 Now if I dissolve the edges there I should have a face loop running around. 16:53.360 --> 16:54.410 That's perfect. 16:54.410 --> 16:55.220 Now I need one. 16:55.230 --> 17:00.690 Intersex signee to make a decision on where that is and where it's going. 17:00.830 --> 17:06.180 So I'm going to have a look at probably here. 17:06.350 --> 17:08.920 So we're going to go round the model. 17:09.040 --> 17:10.460 I don't want to select. 17:10.480 --> 17:14.190 That's how we want to select that one that takes us there. 17:14.210 --> 17:23.870 I might actually go for that's all once if for one two three four I might actually go round the model 17:23.870 --> 17:24.650 like this. 17:24.650 --> 17:28.220 I think this is going to work. 17:30.140 --> 17:32.980 Because that should alternate backwards and forwards. 17:33.020 --> 17:35.150 So be a bit of a wonky one as it goes. 17:35.150 --> 17:41.870 I'm not sure about these pyramids I think as I say I think they should work pyramids these Pentagons 17:41.870 --> 17:44.240 is what I meant to say and didn't. 17:46.760 --> 17:48.040 Looks good so far. 17:48.050 --> 17:53.840 So we've met back up here so let's just see how that's looking at the moment. 17:54.880 --> 18:00.790 So this are no I can't do it like that because I can't do all at once because it will do that's of course 18:00.850 --> 18:02.130 silly silly me. 18:02.470 --> 18:06.240 So this is one of those jobs where I have to go round and do it manually. 18:06.310 --> 18:09.080 So I see you guys back in a few moze. 18:15.990 --> 18:17.400 And there we go. 18:17.400 --> 18:17.940 I aren't. 18:17.980 --> 18:18.290 No. 18:18.340 --> 18:21.240 No we've not quite got it almost there. 18:21.240 --> 18:27.630 We've got oh I've made the wrong quad by the looks of things but we've almost got that one going around 18:27.630 --> 18:28.290 there. 18:28.460 --> 18:32.570 And we definitely got that one running round there says good intersection there. 18:32.730 --> 18:33.930 Of course summate that's a bit. 18:33.930 --> 18:41.270 Need to what I do here is move this one down a little so it's more in line as it goes round. 18:41.520 --> 18:48.160 That's more of a choice of shape that you're going for if you decide that. 18:48.240 --> 18:50.040 So you got a little problem here. 18:50.040 --> 18:51.490 How do we get rid of that. 18:51.630 --> 18:55.330 Well I'm going to grab this virtex and merge it. 18:55.360 --> 18:59.760 I want to move it down a little or say down a little I really need to be looking at its spots on to 18:59.760 --> 19:01.510 get this perfect. 19:01.710 --> 19:05.140 But this is not an exercise exercise in perfection. 19:05.390 --> 19:08.040 I wants snapping turned on. 19:08.040 --> 19:09.270 There we go. 19:10.020 --> 19:16.210 Let's move this increment rather than virtex get there eventually to there. 19:16.210 --> 19:21.110 Now what that should do is complete the loop around our model. 19:21.110 --> 19:27.480 It has done perfect so we've now got two intersecting face loops which is great. 19:27.480 --> 19:29.290 That's exactly what we wanted. 19:29.580 --> 19:31.290 A could be neat and up of course. 19:31.290 --> 19:33.090 Don't worry about that at this stage. 19:33.090 --> 19:36.350 You can always go back and solve the at a later stage. 19:36.600 --> 19:40.300 So there we go we've got the two intersecting loops running around. 19:40.320 --> 19:44.880 Please share your work in the discussions if you who's struggling at all. 19:44.880 --> 19:51.360 I suggest you practice as much as he can because this is an incredibly important skill especially coming 19:51.360 --> 19:52.270 up soon. 19:52.350 --> 19:55.710 And as always I will see you guys in the next lecture. 19:55.800 --> 19:56.580 Take care.