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Hello guys.

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So we are going to continue the discussion with respect to Python.

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And in this video we are going to talk about file operations.

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Uh, we will be performing various file operations with the help of Python programming language.

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Uh, we will be playing with both text and binary files.

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And we will also be understanding how to properly create files, how to write inside that, how to read

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the file content and many more things.

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So let us go ahead.

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And first of all, let me just go ahead and do the first task that is read a whole file.

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Right.

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So for reading a whole file again we will be using with open method.

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Right.

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And here I'm going to give my file name.

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Let's say that I'm going to give example dot txt and the first second parameter inside this open you

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know we will specifically use this are parameter are basically means are read okay.

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And then also other parameters which we will discuss like write uh write append, read append append

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write.

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Sorry not read append.

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It is append separately.

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Then we have w plus operation where we can both read and write a specific file.

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So we'll be seeing one by one.

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So let us first of all start with read.

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So this will be my read operation.

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And I'll create a object of file.

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And then from line in line okay.

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So from line in file.

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So inside this particular file how many lines are there like in example dot txt will be keep on reading

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it.

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And now let me do one thing instead of writing.

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If instead of just going line to line initially, we'll just go ahead and create a variable called as

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content and we'll take this file.

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And then there is a operation which is called as dot read.

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So what dot read is basically going to do is that it is just going to read the entire content of the

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file.

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Okay.

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So right now I have not created the file that is example dot txt.

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So we will go ahead and execute it.

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So here you can see that I am getting an error saying that hey no such file or directory in example

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dot txt right.

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So this is the first error we usually get whenever we are directly trying to read.

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I'll be showing you other ways also.

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But there what will happen is that uh, if I'm trying to read it right, first of all it will create

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a file and then we will be able to read it.

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Okay.

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Now here what I'm going to do.

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So this is the file handling part I will go ahead and create one example dot txt file okay.

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And with respect to this example dot txt file I'll just go ahead and write.

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Hello.

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How are you.

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Okay.

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And I am good okay.

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Something like this crush is my name okay.

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And welcome to the course okay.

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Something like this.

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So now I'm going to perform all these things I'll be reading specifically from this example dot txt.

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And now let me just go ahead and execute it okay.

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You'll be able to see that.

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Now I'm reading the entire content right.

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So with example dot txt this is basically opening this particular file in the read mode okay.

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We will not be able to write if we are opening with the help of read mode.

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Right.

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And then we are just reading the entire file content.

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Now, I may also have a scenario that I want to read a file line by line.

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Okay.

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I just want to read it line by line.

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Now how do I read it line by line.

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So here we are going to specifically use with open operator right here I'm going to use my again example

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dot txt file.

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And this will specifically open in read mode.

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And now I'm going to use this particular object as file.

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Now since I have to read all these things line by line.

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So now I can go ahead and use my for loops, you know, so that file will be, uh, over here as an

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iterable because I have so much of content over here.

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Right.

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So for line in file, right.

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I'm just going to go ahead and print my line.

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Okay.

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And uh, what I'm actually also going to do is that if I go ahead and execute this.

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So here you can see example okay.

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Example spelling is not right.

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So I'll just make it right now here you can see that when I'm reading line by line it is also taking

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the new line characters.

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Right.

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So here because when I see this right if I go to the next line.

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So here a new line is basically getting added.

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So that is the reason you'll be able to see this space.

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Now let's say I want to go ahead and remove this particular new line character.

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So for that I'll be using an operation which is called as dot strip.

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Okay.

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So this dot strip, uh, this dot strip operation removes the new line character.

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Perfect.

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So this is what we are able to do it out of it okay.

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So this is what is there.

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Right.

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And we are able to get the output now, uh, let's do some more operation.

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Now what I'm actually going to do over here is that, uh, uh, let's say that I want to probably,

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uh, uh, open a file for writing something inside it.

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Right.

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So here, let me go ahead and write writing a file.

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Okay.

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And here I will also make sure that I will show you overwriting clauses.

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Okay.

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Over here right now let me do the same thing with open function.

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And I'm going to basically open this.

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And here I'm going to use example dot txt.

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Right.

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And this will basically be my right byte mode and as file okay.

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And then I will go ahead and write file dot right.

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And let me quickly go ahead and write Hello world.

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Okay I'm writing this Hello world with a new line character okay.

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So fi dot write right is a method which will specifically help me to write anything inside this file.

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And here you can see that I'm using W mode.

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Over here W mode is nothing but write mode okay.

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Now this is the first line that I'm going to add over there, uh, with a new line.

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And then I'm going to add file dot write.

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This is again a new line.

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So let's say I'll just go ahead and write.

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This is a new line okay.

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And let me just go ahead and execute this.

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So let's see, uh, what will basically happen now as soon as I execute this already, you know, in

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example dot txt I have this content.

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So if I go ahead and execute it here, you will be able to see that the entire content got overwritten.

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Right.

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So overwritten basically because I have just opened this particular file for the write mode and it will

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just consider, okay, the file is completely empty.

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And when we write file dot right, it is just going to overwrite completely from this particular content.

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And again this is a problem out there.

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You know we should never be doing like this.

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Instead uh, if I want to write a file, write a file, write write a file without overwriting, okay.

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Without overwriting, then I'll be using a different approach.

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So let me just go ahead and do it.

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So I'll say from open.

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Okay.

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And here I'm going to specifically use example dot txt.

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And let me just open this in another mode which is called as append mode okay.

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Now in this append mode what will happen is that if I go ahead and write anything.

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So if I go ahead and write file dot write uh append operation taking place.

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Append operation taking place.

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Okay.

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And if I go ahead and execute it now.

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So here you'll be able to see this operation has taken place.

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Now, if I go ahead and see in the example dot txt, this is the new thing that is getting appended,

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right?

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I may also want to write it in the next line.

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So you can just use slash n over here and do it right.

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And now here clearly you can see that I'm able to append any text.

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Okay.

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Let's say I will go ahead and write slash.

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And again I'll try to append this.

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Okay.

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So here you'll be able to see again it is getting appended.

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Now along with that what I'm actually going to do is that again let's go ahead and append this.

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So here you can see it will go to the new line because I had used slash n before.

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Right.

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So the file operation is basically taking place.

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And here you are able to append it.

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Okay.

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Uh now uh there may be also scenarios that I want to write.

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Write multiple lines okay.

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Multiple lines specifically.

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So are writing a list of lines to a file.

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So let's do this okay.

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Again uh let's say this is lines okay.

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These are my list of lines.

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So here I'm just going to write okay.

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This is my first line slash n uh then the second line slash n okay.

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Um, and let's go to the third line.

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Third line.

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Slash n okay.

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So these are my three lines that I really want to add.

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Okay.

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Uh, let me make some cells and let me copy this thing entirely.

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Okay.

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And let me do this operation over here.

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Okay.

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Now what I'm actually going to do, I will just go ahead and open my file.

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Open my file.

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Okay.

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And I will try to open this same example dot txt file in my append mode okay.

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In my append mode.

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And I'll create an object as file.

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Now in order to write all the lines right inside this particular list, there is again a function which

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I can actually use, which is called as file dot write lines and all.

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I have to give my list over here, right?

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So once I execute it you will be able to see that.

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Now first line, second line and third line has got appended.

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Okay.

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So uh apologies for this particular spelling kind of errors.

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So you can actually make the changes as based on your grammatical things that you have.

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Right.

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So I'm just making sure that I try to show you more amazing features with respect to this.

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Okay.

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Now this was with respect to text file.

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Now let's go ahead and discuss with respect to binary files okay.

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How to work with binary file.

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Binary files are usually uh if I probably see the extension it is basically a bin file.

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Right.

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So uh, if I go ahead and create a file over here, you'll be able to see if I go and write example

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dot bin okay.

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So this is what we basically say it as binary files okay.

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Let me just go ahead and append something over here.

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Hello world.

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Something okay.

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Some information over here.

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And this will be in the form of binary files.

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Now I'll go ahead and show you how you can read or write binary files.

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In binary files we usually update bytes okay.

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Bytes is very much important.

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So I'll just keep this as empty right now with respect to binary files.

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So let me just go ahead and write.

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So here I'm just going to write to a binary file.

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I'll be using this kind of bytes okay.

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Uh with open example dot bin in right byte mode okay.

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So now my uh this operation will become it will not be read or write, it will be read byte or write

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byte.

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Okay.

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Since I am going to write.

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So I'm going to basically use it as write byte.

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Now if I go ahead and execute it.

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So here you'll be able to see in the bin this is what I am actually able to get okay.

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In in the form of bytes okay.

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So this is one of the operation that you can see over here right.

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Similarly if you want to probably read it uh, again we can use instead of writing.

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Ah we can also use RB okay.

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So RB as file file dot read.

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And we are just going to print the content.

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And this is what I am able to display right now in bin file.

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It is looking like this.

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And this is what I think.

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Uh, actually, uh, hex characters for the same thing, what we have actually written.

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Okay.

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So this was one of the most, uh, beautiful thing with respect to file operation.

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Now, as I said, uh, let's do some of the things, write some, some, some practical examples and

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all, uh, how to probably solve it.

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Okay.

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Uh, let's say, uh, I want to read.

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I want to read the content from a source text file and write it to a destination text file.

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Okay.

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If I want to do this, I can go ahead and write it again.

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For this, it is very much simple.

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I will first of all read from a file.

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So let's say I am reading from my example dot txt and I'm writing it to a destination dot txt.

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So I have not created destination dot txt.

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Let's see whether we will get an error or not.

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So here is the content that I am getting.

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Source underscore file dot read.

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And when I write destination underscore file dot write content okay.

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So if I execute it here automatically you'll be able to see that I'll be creating this destination dot

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txt.

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And this was my example dot txt okay this is one of the operation.

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One more uh assignment that you can probably take.

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Again, please make sure that you do this.

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Uh, it will be important.

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Okay.

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Um, and, uh, read read a text file.

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Okay.

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And I have already done this, I think, for you all, but I'll give you this as an assignment.

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Read a text file and count the number of lines, words and characters.

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And this is the code.

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So first of all, you try it from your side.

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Anyhow, I'll be giving you the code.

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Okay.

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You can give the file part example dot txt and just go ahead and do this right.

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So this is a function that is got created.

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We are reading the lines we are.

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We are doing the summing up of all the lines itself okay.

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So this one assignment you can probably take it okay.

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So uh I think uh we have discussed so many things about it, but uh, let us go ahead and discuss about

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one more operation.

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Okay.

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Uh, that is nothing but writing and reading.

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Writing and then reading a file.

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Okay.

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This kind of operation.

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Okay, so what I'm actually going to do, I'm going to basically use with open again and let me just

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go ahead and write example dot txt okay.

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And this time I'm going to open this file in W plus mode.

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W plus mode is nothing but a.

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If you don't know about W plus mode, I'll just give a statement over here so that you'll be having

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this as a markdown.

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The W plus mode in Python is used to open a file for both reading and writing.

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If the file does not exist, it will be created.

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If the file exists, the cut its content is truncated.

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That is, the file is overwritten.

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Okay, so here you will be able to see that I'm using W plus mode uh as file.

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Okay.

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And here I'm just going to go ahead and uh probably write the data to the file.

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So let me just go ahead and write file dot write.

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And here I'm just going to say hey hello world okay.

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It is just going to overwrite it okay.

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And then I will go ahead and write file dot write okay.

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This is a new line.

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Okay.

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This is done.

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Okay, perfect.

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Now, after we write, uh, we will make sure that we move the file.

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Cursor.

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Okay.

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What?

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Right now, the file cursor will be pointing to the second line.

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Okay.

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It will be pointing to the second line that is over here.

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But we need to move the cursor to the first one so that we will be able to read it.

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Okay.

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So move the file cursor to the beginning.

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And how do we do this?

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We just use one very important method which is called as file dot seek.

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Okay.

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Now this seek uh, if you probably go ahead and see this this if I give it to zero.

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So it is just going to move the file cursor to the beginning.

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That is just like a zeroth character or zeroth index.

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Right.

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Then we can go ahead and read the content of the file.

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Right.

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And then I'll go ahead and print the content.

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00:15:14,000 --> 00:15:15,000
Okay.

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First of all, I'll show you what will happen if I commented this out okay.

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Will it display anything okay.

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00:15:21,000 --> 00:15:22,000
So let's go ahead and run this.

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So here you can see I'm getting hello world.

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00:15:24,000 --> 00:15:27,000
Uh this is a new text line.

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00:15:27,000 --> 00:15:28,000
Uh, okay.

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00:15:28,000 --> 00:15:30,000
Uh, let's see what is getting printed.

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So print content is basically happening over here.

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00:15:33,000 --> 00:15:37,000
Uh, let me see whether my example dot txt has got loaded.

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00:15:37,000 --> 00:15:43,000
So example dot txt this overloaded uh this is basically giving me a new sentence hello world and all.

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And here you will be able to see that I'm printing the content.

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00:15:45,000 --> 00:15:46,000
Okay.

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00:15:46,000 --> 00:15:47,000
Uh, just a second.

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00:15:47,000 --> 00:15:47,000
Okay.

331
00:15:47,000 --> 00:15:52,000
So the thing is that I did not read the file, so previous variable only it was showing me.

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00:15:52,000 --> 00:15:54,000
Now, let me do one thing.

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00:15:54,000 --> 00:15:54,000
Okay.

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00:15:55,000 --> 00:15:56,000
File dot read.

335
00:15:56,000 --> 00:15:56,000
Okay.

336
00:15:56,000 --> 00:15:58,000
Now I did not read the file.

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00:15:58,000 --> 00:15:58,000
Right.

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00:15:58,000 --> 00:15:59,000
So what I'm actually going to do.

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00:15:59,000 --> 00:16:02,000
See without I'm just commenting this okay.

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00:16:02,000 --> 00:16:07,000
And we are writing this two lines in my example dot txt and we are reading it.

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00:16:07,000 --> 00:16:10,000
If we do not write this line of code, what will happen?

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00:16:10,000 --> 00:16:11,000
It will not display us anything.

343
00:16:12,000 --> 00:16:12,000
Okay.

344
00:16:12,000 --> 00:16:17,000
And here you can see in example dot txt this two line has got appended because the cursor will be pointing

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00:16:17,000 --> 00:16:17,000
here.

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00:16:17,000 --> 00:16:22,000
We have to make sure that we have to take the cursor over here right to the first one.

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00:16:22,000 --> 00:16:24,000
So that is the reason you will be able to see once.

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00:16:24,000 --> 00:16:28,000
I probably remove this and if I execute it now, you will be able to see that I am actually able to

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00:16:28,000 --> 00:16:30,000
get the both the line.

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00:16:30,000 --> 00:16:36,000
Okay, so, uh, this is what, uh, you'll be able to see with respect to this and, uh, how amazing

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00:16:36,000 --> 00:16:37,000
this is, right?

352
00:16:37,000 --> 00:16:42,000
Uh, again, uh, let's say that you want to do multiple times.

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00:16:42,000 --> 00:16:43,000
Read and write.

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00:16:43,000 --> 00:16:47,000
Always make sure that you try to use this file dot, seek and make it to the beginning one.

355
00:16:47,000 --> 00:16:48,000
Right.

356
00:16:49,000 --> 00:16:50,000
Um, yes.

357
00:16:50,000 --> 00:16:51,000
Uh, this was it.

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00:16:51,000 --> 00:16:56,000
Uh, I think I had, uh, probably taken a lot many things with respect to file handling.

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00:16:56,000 --> 00:17:01,000
Uh, but yes, as we go ahead and see multiple use cases as we go ahead in the upcoming sessions, we'll

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00:17:01,000 --> 00:17:03,000
be seeing more different kind of operations.

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00:17:03,000 --> 00:17:05,000
So yes, this was it for my side.

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00:17:05,000 --> 00:17:07,000
I will see you all in the next video.

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00:17:07,000 --> 00:17:07,000
Thank you.

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00:17:07,000 --> 00:17:07,000
Take care.