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Now, the next task that I'm actually going to do over here is that let's go ahead and create a new

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directory okay.

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So create a new directory I'll be doing this.

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Um, let's say I will again you need to import OS.

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So let's say my new directory is something like this okay.

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Let's say this is my new directory called as package okay I want to create a package folder, uh, over

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here in the same working location that I'm actually writing a package folder over here in the file handling

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folder itself inside this.

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So all I have to do is that I'll just go ahead and write OS dot make dir, and I'm just going to give

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my new directory information.

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And let me just go ahead and print this.

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I'll use an F string and say that directory.

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Uh and here I'm going to specifically use this new directory name is created okay.

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So this will be my message.

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So here you can see directory package created okay.

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And here you can probably see I will be able to get this package folder okay.

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And this is how you can create a new directory with the help of OS.

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Okay.

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Let's say that I want to list all the files from a directory itself.

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Right.

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So next task will be that listing files and directories.

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I want to list all the files, and I want to list all the folders that I have inside a folder itself

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where I'm actually working.

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So I will just go ahead and write items is equal to OS dot list dir.

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And here I'm just going to use this dot okay.

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Dot basically means we are specifically looking at the current working location, whichever folder it

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is inside, and it will just list and it'll give you the entire information.

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Okay, so, uh, let us go ahead and display this entire item.

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So if I go ahead and print items over here.

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So here you'll be able to see I have this particular file, this particular file destination txt example

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dot bin package.

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So all the folders inside this particular folder it is being able to give me okay.

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Pretty much amazing.

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Uh and definitely we use this kind of file a lot because.

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I may have a scenario that in my project, I need to probably read all the files and folders, and I

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need to probably do some kind of operations, and I can actually do that.

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Okay.

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Now talking about one more very important concept that is nothing but joining paths, okay.

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And this is the most important feature of using this OS package.

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You know, because this path will be different.

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Different when terms of coding and windows separately coding.

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You can just hard code it right in Linux or in Mac.

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So uh, by using OS dot path, uh, we can specifically use this.

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Okay.

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Let's say that I want to probably create I have a directory name which is called as folder okay.

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And then let's say I have my file underscore name okay.

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And this will be my file dot txt.

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Now how do I create this particular path.

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That basically means inside my folder there is a file dot txt right.

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If I want to probably get the full path or relative path.

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Also, I can say I can just write os dot path okay dot join, then I can actually use this directory

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name.

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Okay.

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Oops, just a second.

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I can directly use this directory underscore name comma.

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I will go ahead and use file underscore name okay.

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So this basically becomes my full path.

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So now if I go ahead and print my full path you will be able to see hey this is my path that I'm actually

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getting right.

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Let's say I want to completely get it along with my folder location.

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Then I can copy this entire thing again.

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Okay, I can paste it over here and here I can also do OS dot get cw d.

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Current working directory along with my directory name.

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Okay, so if I go ahead and write this now here you can see this is my entire path.

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Right.

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I can also do this if I want to just have the relative path I can just use this two variables.

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Okay.

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And this is how, uh, things are amazing over here.

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And you'll be able to see it now in our previous, uh, tutorials we have seen, right, whenever we

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are trying to open a file, first of all, we need to create that file, right?

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But here, uh, we will try to manipulate, you know, or let me just show you one example.

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Okay.

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So here, uh, what I'm actually going to do, I'm going to create an example file.

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So let's say this is my example one dot txt I will say hey if os dot path dot exist okay?

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If this particular path exist or this particular folder exist, then I will just go ahead and write

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print f okay, print f.

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Here you can actually see the path.

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The path this specific path exists.

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Okay.

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That basically means that folder also exists.

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Else I will just go ahead and print f the path.

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Path does not exist.

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Okay.

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So here if I go ahead and execute it here you can see that the path example one dot txt file does not

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exist because I don't have that specific file.

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Now let's say if this file is not there what I can do I can.

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If it is not there or if this file does not exist, I will go ahead and create that particular file

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with again you or with open command or with any kind of command.

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I can go ahead and do it right.

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So this is very much important.

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And this kind of condition needs to be used in our coding environment whenever we are making some assumptions

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of a specific path itself.

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Okay.

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Now this is fine.

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There is also one more way to check whether the file is present or not.

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Okay.

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Um, so here I will show you.

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So I will just go ahead and write this comment checking if the path is a file or directory.

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So there is one more method over here.

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So here you can see import OS I'm using path is equal to example dot txt.

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Now this file right OS dot path dot is file of path.

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So this file it is going to check whether this path is a file.

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If it is a file then it is going to say it is a file if this path is a directory.

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So for that I have is directory function.

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Then it will go and say that hey this path is a directory as this path is neither a file or directory.

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So if I go ahead and execute it I will go ahead and see this.

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Right.

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So here it shows the path example dot txt is the file okay.

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So uh this is how things are basically working over here.

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And you will be able to see that.

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Hey yeah this particular file is a file because example dot txt is a file.

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Okay.

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Uh as I already told you okay.

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Relative path is something different.

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Relative path basically means this file inside this particular folder file dot txt.

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If I'm seeing this becomes a relative path okay.

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Okay.

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Uh, and the absolute path is the complete path okay.

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Let's say for any folder location I want to get the absolute path okay.

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Getting the absolute path.

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Getting the absolute path.

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Because I may be requiring some or the other thing over here.

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Okay.

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So here what I will do.

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Let's say that this is my relative path.

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So this file is basically present inside this folder which is called as example dot txt.

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Now I will go ahead and create my absolute path.

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Absolute path okay.

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And for this I will go ahead and write OS dot path dot apps path.

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So apps path is one uh method over here.

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And then we can use this relative path okay.

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Now if I go ahead and just print my absolute path here, you'll be able to see the complete path.

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I'll be able to get it right again.

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Uh, if you do not want to go ahead and do in this way, you can specifically go ahead and join all

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this particular things along with the directory name.

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But I feel, uh, this is again, better when compared to that one.

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So I hope, guys, you were able to understand all this file path operations, specifically with the

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help of, uh, OS uh, again, there will be multiple examples which will be seeing.

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But most of the common operations that we usually do in the code, uh, is probably discussed over here.

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This will be the most useful operation or most useful library when you are working in an end to end

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projects, working with different different files, working with different different directories over

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there.

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Uh, so there we are going to extensively use it.

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Right.

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So please make sure that you practice this more see different different examples with respect to this.

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And yeah, uh, this was it from my side.

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I will see you all in the next video.

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Thank you.

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Take care.