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Hello guys.

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So we are going to continue our discussion with respect to Python.

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And in this video we are going to discuss about inheritance in Python.

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Now this inheritance is a fundamental concept in object oriented programming that allows a class to

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inherit attributes and methods from another class, right.

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So in this specific video I will be talking about how you can implement inheritance.

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With the help of Python.

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We'll be discussing about single inheritance and multiple inheritance.

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And I'll be showing you multiple examples.

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So let's go ahead and let's see.

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Now inheritance is basically derived from the real world scenario.

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Guys I hope uh, you know, like let's say uh, you will be inheriting your parents property.

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You know, it may be house, it may be land, you know, but the vice versa will not be possible.

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You know, you your parent will basically not be inheriting your property, but instead it will be going

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to your children.

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Right?

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So this kind of scenario.

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So this is based on the real world scenario.

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And similarly the inheritance property in Python also works in the same way.

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Okay.

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So let me just go ahead and show you one specific example of inheritance.

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And then I will show you how you can probably create a child class and probably inherit the parent class

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altogether.

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Right.

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So I will first of all start defining my parent class.

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Okay.

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Now here, let me just go ahead and define one class which is called as car.

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Okay.

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Now car is my class okay.

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So I can also go ahead and write like this okay.

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Class car.

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Now first of all, as you all know, whenever we define a class we need to probably create a constructor.

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So let's go ahead and create this underscore underscore init underscore underscore.

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And here I'm going to use one parameter that is self.

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And uh the other parameters that we are going to provide while we are instantiating the object of the

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car class, you know, like windows, doors, right, engine type.

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So let's consider that these are some of the attributes that we are going to pass.

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And let's go ahead and create some of the instance variable.

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So I will go ahead and write self dot.

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And the first thing is that windows right I will go ahead and create the first attribute that is windows.

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And I'll assign this value to the windows that I'm passing over here in this init method.

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Okay.

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Then we will go ahead and write self dot doors okay.

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Where I will be passing the doors value.

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And finally I will go ahead and write self dot engine type okay engine type.

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And again I've already told you it need not be this name need not be same as this.

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You can write anything over here but these are the attributes or instance variable right.

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So is equal to.

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We will go ahead and write engine type okay.

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Now this is my car class.

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And this is what I have in terms of attributes and all.

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Let me just go ahead and define one instance method.

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Also let's say with the help of class car we usually drive.

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So here what I'm actually going to do is that I'll go ahead and use self keyword okay.

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And let me just go ahead and print okay.

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And let me say that uh, the the car, the person will drive the car.

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The person will drive the which car?

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Okay, so let's say that the person will drive the petrol car or engine type car, right.

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So here I will just go ahead and write engine type okay.

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And here I'm actually going to use this f string okay.

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Engine type.

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Now engine type I cannot directly use it over here because I have to use self dot right.

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Because engine type is an attribute over here, right?

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So the person will drive the engine type car.

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Okay.

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And I have to probably if I want to use this attribute over here I have to use self dot okay.

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So inside this this is my parent class okay.

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I've defined a class with an init method.

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The attributes are windows doors and engine type and one instance method which is called as drive.

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Uh, and here I'm saying that hey, the person will drive whether it can be a petrol car or diesel car

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based on the values that we provide right now.

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Once I probably go ahead and create this class, let's consider this is my parent class.

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Now I can go ahead and write car one is equal to.

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I will go ahead and define my car okay.

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And here I'm going to give the values.

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Let's say number of windows are four.

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Number of doors are five.

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And let's consider the engine type is petrol okay.

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Petrol Petrol car okay.

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And now I will go ahead and print car one dot.

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The method that is drive right.

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Now if I go ahead and execute it here you'll be able to see that.

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Hey the person the person will drive the petrol car and obviously drive does not return anything over

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here.

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So that is the reason it is giving you none.

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Okay.

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But uh, in short, over here you can see that I'm just writing, uh, car one dot drive.

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So it is just going to display this.

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The person will drive the car.

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Okay, perfect.

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Uh, if I just remove the print method, then you will be able to see that I'll be able to get only

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one message.

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Okay?

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That is print.

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The person will drive the petrol car because this drive method is not returning anything.

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But this is fine, right?

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Uh, this is very much easy.

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And here you can actually see that what?

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All things we have basically done.

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Right.

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We have given a car class, and probably we have defined the init method.

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We have defined a method over here.

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Right.

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And we are able to create the objects.

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Right.

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This is perfect.

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Now let me do one thing.

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Now see there are different types of cars.

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Right.

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Uh, I can just consider this car class is a blueprint of a car object, right?

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It is.

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This is the blueprint where it has this many number of attributes, this many number of methods.

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Now, let me just go ahead and create one class which is called as Tesla.

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Okay.

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Now this Tesla car that you are probably seeing over here, obviously it needs to inherit from the class

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car blueprint itself, right.

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Because in this Tesla also I will be having windows, I will be having windows, I will be having doors.

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I will be having engine type.

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Right.

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And there may be some additional feature that may be available in Tesla.

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So I don't have to again, go ahead and define this entire thing instead.

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What I can do, I can just inherit this car class and I can inherit this properties along with I can

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inherit this functions or methods.

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Right?

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Because I don't have to recreate the entire class completely from scratch if it is inheriting this particular

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car class, which is a blueprint, it will be able to inherit all these attributes and methods, right.

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So let's go ahead and do this.

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So in order to make Tesla inherit car.

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So I will just go ahead and write over here as car.

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So this is how you basically write.

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First of all you really need to write your child class like class Tesla.

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And then whatever things you basically write in the bracket, this is basically inheriting that particular

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class.

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Okay.

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Now we will again go ahead with defining our init function because here also we'll be having an init

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function right.

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So definition underscore underscore init underscore underscore.

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So this is my constructor inside the Tesla.

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And you know here also we require attributes like windows doors okay.

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So we need to pass it during the runtime.

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Then you have engine type.

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And finally these all attributes are already available over here.

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Right.

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So they may be additional attributes that may be available in Tesla.

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So I will just go ahead and say is self-driving okay.

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And this will be a boolean value.

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Let's consider this okay.

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It's self-driving.

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So Tesla you know that it has a self-driving functionalities okay.

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Now fine.

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Now the main thing is that I need to create the attributes for windows, doors and engine type.

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And I know that car already has this kind of attributes.

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Right.

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So I don't need to go ahead and write self dot write.

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What I can do is that I can just use this super keyword, right?

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If I use the super keyword, that basically means I'm saying, hey, I'm trying to call the see super

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basically means I'm just trying to call the parent class over here.

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And from the parent class, I will just go ahead and call my init method.

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Okay.

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So here what does super underscore init basically mean.

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That basically means that we are just calling this init method from the car class.

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Right.

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Parent class.

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Right.

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And that is the reason we are just writing super dot underscore underscore init.

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Now over here the next step will be that you know what all attributes I'll be getting from the parent

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class.

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One is windows.

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Okay.

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So let me just go ahead and write windows doors.

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And then you have this engine type right.

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Then you have this engine type.

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So this three values or attributes I should be getting from this car class.

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Right.

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So I don't have to again define it.

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But what about my cell is self driving.

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So I will just go ahead and write self dot is self driving okay.

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So let me just go ahead and create this variable.

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Self dot is self driving.

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Oops.

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Self dot is self driving and I will assign it to is dot self driving.

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So this is the attribute and this only attribute will try to create inside the Tesla class okay.

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And remaining all we are in short inheriting from the parent class right now when we are inheriting

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this.

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Obviously it is true that we will also be able to inherit this two, right?

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So let's see this okay.

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Now I will go ahead and probably I've created my init method over here.

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And uh now what I will do I will create another function which supports self driving.

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Right?

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Let's say self driving.

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So here I'm just going to write self driving.

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And here I'm going to say self okay.

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Perfect.

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Right.

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So this is the method or this is the instance method that we are going to create inside this Tesla cars.

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Uh which is the additional thing when compared to the uh, class blueprint.

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Car blueprint.

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Sorry.

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Now, here, I'm just going to, uh, print something and write over here.

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Uh, Tesla.

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Supports.

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Okay.

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I can just go ahead and write self dot is.

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So here I'm just going to use my f string.

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Always focus on using this f string.

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Then only you will be able to use this particular uh you'll be able to basically write in this way.

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So self dot is driving okay.

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So here you have this entire thing okay.

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Now Tesla supports self driving.

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True or not Tesla supports self driving.

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So here I'll say self driving.

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So this will basically give me a value like true or false okay.

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Now this is my entire Tesla car right?

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And this is my child class which is inheriting the car class.

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Right.

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Now once I execute this now let's go ahead and call this okay.

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So first of all I will just go ahead and write Tesla one variant and I will go ahead and initialize

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it.

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And now what all parameters I need to give windows doors and engine type.

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So I'll say hey windows are four.

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Doors are five.

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Engine type is electric.

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Let's say electric okay.

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And uh, whether the, uh, whether it supports self-driving or not, I'll just go ahead and write.

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True.

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Okay.

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Now, after giving all these parameters, you will be able to see that if I go ahead and print Tesla

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one dot self-driving.

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Okay.

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And I'll call this function.

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Let's see what it says.

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So here you will be able to see that it is printing Tesla supports self-driving is equal to true.

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And this is what we have given.

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So what happens once we call this particular child class with Tesla and all these values.

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What it is going to do.

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It will just go ahead and call super init and it will pass all these parameters over here.

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And this init will make sure that all the attributes, it will go ahead and initialize with those values

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like self, dot windows, door doors and engine type.

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Now once that is done then we'll go ahead and initialize.

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The attribute is underscore self driving which will be assigned to true.

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And then I can probably call this particular function not only this.

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Now in the parent class I have this drive function right.

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So I can also call that see I will go ahead and write test one dot drive function okay.

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If I go ahead and call this here, you can see the person will drive the electric car.

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Right.

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And this is how you can probably see that a single inheritance works like.

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Right.

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And, uh.

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Uh, you understood the main mechanism.

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If you really want to inherit any parent class, how you have to probably use this init method, how

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you have to call the super init method, how to define the new attributes, how to initialize those

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new attributes over here, you know, during the runtime.

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And along with that, you can actually go ahead and create any more methods that you want.

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Okay.

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And this is what is an example with respect to inheritance and this inheritance, I will just say it

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as single inheritance because, uh, only one child class is inheriting the parent class.

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Okay.

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Now let me just, uh, show you an example with respect to multiple inheritance, but I hope you are

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able to understand.

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Okay, so here will be multiple inheritance okay.

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Now multiple inheritance means what?

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When a class.

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When a class inherits from more than one base class.

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Okay.

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When a class inherits more than one base class.

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Okay.

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Now what does this basically mean?

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Let's go ahead and create one base class okay.

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Let's say I will go ahead and create animal okay.

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So animal is one class okay.

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And here I'm just going to use my init method.

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And here let me just go ahead and write self comma name.

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Name is what I'm going to pass as an attribute.

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And I will go ahead and create my attribute self dot name is equal to name right.

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So this becomes my animal class okay.

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And animal class.

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Let me just go ahead and create one function which is will be like speak okay.

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And here I'm going to use self.

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And let me just go ahead and uh, probably, um, uh, you know, print something.

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So here I will just go ahead and print.

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Okay.

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Sub classes must implement this method.

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Let's say I'm just going to write this.

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Okay.

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Now this is done with respect to my class.

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Right now, what I will do is that I will go ahead and create another base class.

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So this is one of my base class.

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So here I'll write base class one okay.

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Base class one.

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Because see what when a class inheritance inherits from more than one base class.

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So this is my base class one.

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Now let me just go ahead and create my base class two.

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So base class two okay.

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And here I'm just going to copy this.

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And here you can see I have this pet class.

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And I'm creating this init method with self comma owner.

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And I'm saying hey self dot owner is equal to owner okay.

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Now let's go ahead and create my derived class.

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Now derived class will be something like inheriting both these classes.

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Now in order to offer a child class to inherit both this class, I will go ahead and create class dog.

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Okay.

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And this time, in order to inherit both the classes, I will go ahead and write animal, comma, pet.

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Okay, so this is how you basically give in comma separated inside this brackets.

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Then what I will do from animal I will be taking this name class name attribute.

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I will be accessing this peak along with this from pet.

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I will be getting owner right.

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So here.

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If I want to use this owner attribute and name all I have to basically go ahead and right.

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I'll go ahead and create my init method okay.

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And here I'm going to give self comma name comma owner.

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Right.

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And here let me just go ahead and write animal dot underscore underscore init okay.

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So this is also another way of probably calling it right.

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Let's say I want to get the attribute of name from animal.

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Right.

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So this name is basically present in animal.

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So instead of just writing super Dot I can just write the class name dot in it.

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And here I can actually give self comma name.

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Okay.

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So this is one way uh the other way is that again I will go ahead and do it for the other class pet

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underscore init.

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Underscore underscore.

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And here also I'll go ahead and write self comma owner okay.

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Self comma owner.

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See what is the difference between before the methods that I have discussed here I have used super because

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I just had one parent class.

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But since here I have two parent class like base class one and base class two, right?

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I need to use one attribute from this particular attribute itself from this particular class animal,

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and one more from this, another base class.

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So what I'm doing I'm just writing animal dot underscore underscore init.

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I'm calling the animal init method.

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And then I'm passing this particular parameter.

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And then I'm calling pet underscore underscore init.

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And then I'm passing the parameter over there.

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And when it goes to this init method then this attribute gets the value of this right.

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This is how the entire flow goes.

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Now finally, let me just go ahead and create a speak method.

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So I'll just go ahead and write a definition speak.

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And here I'll go and say it is a self.

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Now let me just go ahead and return.

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So return will be an F string.

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And let's say here I'm going to basically write self dot name says HUF okay self dot name says HUF okay.

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Okay.

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And this is what is basically getting printed.

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So let me just go ahead and write a return over here.

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Okay.

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Now it should be working fine.

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Now let's see this how this will work.

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Now we'll go ahead and create an object.

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Okay.

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Create an object just to see that whether it is working fine or not.

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So here first of all I'll go ahead and call dog is equal to I will initialize from dog.

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Here I'm just going to write the name will be buddy.

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and the owner belongs to crush.

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Okay, let's say then I will go ahead and print dog Dot speak.

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And if I go ahead and execute this, you'll be able to see that I'll be getting buddy says woof.

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See, there is also a speak method over here, but since we are directly calling it from the dog class,

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so this will this speak method will be given more priority when compared to the parent class.

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Right.

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So that is the reason it is saying but he says woof okay, then I will just go ahead and print my F

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owner owner will be nothing but it will be self.

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Dot oh sorry dog dot owner right dog oh sorry dog dog dog dog dot owner Okay, so let me just go ahead

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and execute it.

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So here you'll be able to see that owner is nothing but crush.

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And buddy says woof.

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So here what we are doing here we are creating two parent class two separate base class okay.

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And we are inheriting them from a derived class.

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And this is basically called as multiple inheritance.

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Okay.

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Or we can also say it as multiple inheritance.

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Yes.

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Now, uh, let's do one thing.

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Uh, let's create an amazing use case.

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Uh, and, uh, this use case will be about modeling a complete library system, uh, that will discuss

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in our next video, uh, where we'll be modeling a complete library system.

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Here we there will be using single and multiple inheritance.

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So, yes, this was it for my side.

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I hope you liked this particular video.

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Uh, I will see you all in the next video.

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Thank you.

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Take care.