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Hello guys.

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So we are going to continue discussion with respect to Python.

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And in this video we are going to discuss about operator overloading.

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Now in our previous video when we were discussing about magic methods.

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Right.

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So here you will be also able to see some of the function or methods or magic methods, which is called

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as underscore underscore equal underscore underscore.

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This is nothing, but this is a default.

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Uh, you can basically say this is a default method for any comparison or operation, right?

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Like, uh, when we say, hey, uh, if you really want to do any comparison operation, we usually

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use double equal to, right?

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So if I want to overwrite that particular functionality, then I have to override this particular function.

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Let's say uh I also use a lot of different different operation like one plus one two.

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Right.

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So one is an addition operation.

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Now how do I probably take this plus and override this particular operation?

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I will be showing you that if I am doing one minus one.

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So this is a subtraction operation.

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How we can actually override this.

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So that is what we are basically going to do.

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And along with this we know that okay I also have this kind of condition two L is greater than six right.

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So why it is giving us true.

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So this is nothing but this is uh greater than or equal to.

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Can we override this particular operator also that we will be seeing.

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And that is what we are going to see in this particular video, how we can perform operator overloading.

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Some of the best example over here is that you have this underscore, underscore, add, underscore,

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underscore this nothing it does, but it adds two objects using the plus operator.

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Similarly you have for subtraction, you have for multiplication, you have for true div.

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This is for the division operation.

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Then you have equal sign compare if two objects are equal using the double equal to operator, and similarly

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you have less than, you also have greater than uh which you can basically use underscore underscore

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gt underscore underscore.

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Right.

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So that is what I'm actually going to show you each and everything over here.

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So underscore underscore you can basically write it over here.

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So let's say if I go ahead and write underscore underscore GT this is for the greater than if you want

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to override that particular functionality.

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Now let me just show you over here and we will try to uh, overload some of the operations with respect

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to addition, subtraction and all.

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Okay.

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Uh, so first of all, I'm going to define my class, which is called as vector.

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So this is my, uh, sorry, I will just go ahead and define my class, which is nothing but vector.

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Now inside this vector I will be writing my init function.

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So here you basically have init function.

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And with respect to init function let's say I'm going to create two variables x comma y.

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Now if I go ahead and write a self dot x is equal to x.

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And uh here I'm going to write self dot y is equal to y.

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Okay.

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Now I'm going to just go ahead and add my add function over here.

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So let me just go go ahead and use this definition add underscore underscore.

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And here I have to probably give two parameters self comma other right.

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Right.

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So here what I'm doing I'm just giving one more additional parameter.

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Now what I'm actually going to do over here is that uh, in this addition operation I will just change

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change this entire operation itself.

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So I'll say, hey, go ahead and return.

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Okay.

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Vector class over here.

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And inside this vector class we'll give self dot x okay.

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Plus other dot x okay.

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I'm just putting some kind of operation.

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Okay.

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I'm doing some kind of operation over here.

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Self dot x okay.

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Not z x plus other dot x.

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And here what I'm actually going to do again I'll go ahead and write self dot y plus other dot y.

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That basically means what I'm actually going to do.

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This other will be an another vector itself which will have x and y coordinate.

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And I'm just summing it up with the x that I'm actually giving.

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And along with the y coordinate that I'm actually giving.

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Right.

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So I'm just going to sum it up with respect to this particular other.

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Right.

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Similarly what I will do I will do the same thing for uh, let's say subtraction for multiplication.

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And also here I will go ahead and define my another function.

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And here you can see I'm doing subtracting over here I'm doing uh subtracting over here.

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Right.

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Other will be another vector okay.

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We'll see to it once we properly initialize and call the function.

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Now along with this, uh, what I am actually going to do is that, uh, I'm also going to make sure

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to change my equal to functionality.

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Okay.

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I'm going to overload this particular operator itself.

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So here with respect to equal to I'm saying return self dot x double equal to other dot x and self dot

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y double equal to other dot y.

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It will be either true or false okay, based on the comparison that is basically happening.

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And finally, to represent this entire string, uh, we will be using underscore underscore r e p r.

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And here we am just displaying the vector with self dot x and self dot y.

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Okay.

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Just a simple operation.

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And just to show you that how I'm overriding each and everything.

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So finally we go ahead and create objects of the vector class.

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Okay.

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And here we are just going to write v one is equal to vector two comma three.

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Okay.

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And then I will be going to create my vector v two.

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And this will be nothing but four comma five okay.

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Now this is my v one and v two vector.

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Now let's see okay.

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What kind of operation will basically happen if I go ahead and write print v1 plus v2?

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We have already.

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You can see that I've already changed this plus underscore add operation.

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Right.

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So if I go ahead and print it so what is the output that I'm actually getting.

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See V1 is nothing.

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But so here you can see that I'm adding both this.

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Write two plus 463 plus five.

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Right.

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So that is what I'm printing it with respect to the addition operation.

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So that is what is basically happening self dot x other dot x.

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So in short I have modified this entire functionality for the addition of vectors.

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That is the main purpose over here okay.

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Please make sure that is the reason I had written initially the all the code.

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This is nothing but I'm doing mathematical operation for vectors, which is not available right now.

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So I have defined my own custom one here.

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What we have done here, this is one coordinate x comma y and this is the other coordinate x comma y.

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Right.

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And when we do add operation this is going to get considered V2 is going to get considered as the other

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option right.

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Then I'm going to take this as x and y coordinate.

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And this will be my other x and y coordinate.

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And this is what we are getting over here.

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And we will be able to add those vectors.

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Right.

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So next I will go ahead and write v one minus v two.

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Similarly print v one multiplied by three okay.

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So if I go ahead and execute it first of all v one minus v two.

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What it is going to do self dot x multiplied by other.

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So sorry this is multiplication.

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So self dot x minus other dot x.

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So we are just going to subtract it two minus four is two and three minus five is minus two.

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Sorry two minus four is minus two and three minus five is minus two.

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And here you will be able to see that with respect to multiplication operation I am just multiplying

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with this particular number v one multiplied by three.

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So I have x and y coordinate.

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So x multiplied by other number over here three and y multiplied by three.

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It is nothing but six comma nine right?

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So this is how you can entirely overload all the operators based on your assumption.

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You can take up different different operators and definitely make sure that you try to, uh, you know,

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convert them based on your vectors or based on your requirements that you like.

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I will also give you one more, uh, example, which you can do it as your assignment.

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That is nothing but overloading operators for complex numbers.

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You can just go ahead and explore this particular code.

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Now it's time that you have to give some amount of time.

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And here we have also used true div and see what all things we are basically doing.

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If I talk about complex number, there will be an imaginary number.

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So there will be a real number.

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It will be an imaginary number.

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And based on that we have written this code.

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So Joe, just go ahead and explore this and let me know whether you are able to understand or not.

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So finally, I would like to add some conclusion saying that, uh, magic methods and operator overloading

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are some amazing, powerful feature, uh, in Python, allowing you to completely customize the operator

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functionalities itself based on your application development that you really want.

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Right?

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So yes, this was it from my side.

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I hope you liked this particular video.

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I will see you in the next video.

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Thank you.

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Take.