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So be looked at byte streams knowledge let's look at the second degree or stream my characters dreams

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and characters streams are used to read or write characters that are like text files but that will go

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on top of byte streams as essentially everything is binary that is even text files are also binary files

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.

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No recall that just like the way input stream an output stream crosses some of the base classes for

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all byte oriented streams read it and write up classes service based classes for a quarterly InterSystems

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.

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And in this lesson we will focus only on reader and writer process.

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And let's just look at the reader class.

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It is a bit abstract class.

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For art Carco Ruby entered input streams and it is used to read 16 bit character data and you give 16

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format as we know that July is based on you be of 16 encoding scheme.

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And here is one right there.

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And it is used to read that single character and get into the corresponding engrain you get for being

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between zero and two to the power of 16 minus one.

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That could be 65000 5:35 as you can see it is quite similar to the read method in the input stream class

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.

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There are only a single byte was being written on so the range was zero due to to the part of 8 minus

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one that is 0 to 255.

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And the method would read and minus one of the and nostri Mr. Director and here is the completion of

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the read method which is used to re group of characters who have the input arrays a caterpillar.

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Recall that in the read method in the input stream class it was a binary.

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This mother would read up to the number of characters from the input stream into the input character

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of the starting and index position offset under-treated set of characters entered or minus one.

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If I nostri Mr. Dictator just that all the recalls would block that is that would block and then some

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input data is available or some Iowa exception is generated or no stream is reached.

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Now let's look at the right across.

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It is a base abstract class for all character oriented output streams and it is used to write 16 bit

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characters that aren't to our destination and the destination may use a different character format.

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That is it could be something different from UTF 16.

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And here is a method for writing one character to the output string here the input parameter is an int

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which has 32 bits.

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So the method writes The were two bytes.

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That is the 16 bits that appear on the rightmost and unrest of the bits are discarded.

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Recall that in case of output string class it was 8.

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LU What are the words that were returned to the output stream.

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And here is the second version of the right method.

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And it is used to write group of characters.

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So the method will write length number of characters from the input characters starting at the end exposition

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offset.

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And here is the inheritance tree for reading characters.

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It trust most of the reader base classes and we will explore some of these classes.

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The first ones we will look at will be buffered reader an input stream reader and as you may have guessed

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Bufford reader will help us with buffering not to compare this with input stream based inheritance tree

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.

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You will also notice quite a bit of similarities.

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And here is the inheritance tree for writing characters and it is very similar to the reader history

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clearly shown here is the print writer class.

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So that's about it.

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And we mainly look at the reader and writer process which are the two best abstract classes for reading

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and writing characters.

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Thank you