Instructor: Throughout the course, 2 2
we're going to use a number of hacking tools. 3 3
You can install each of these tools manually 4 4
or you can do what most hackers do, 5 5
including myself, and save time 6 6
and effort and use an operating system designed for hacking. 7 7
We're going to use an operating system called Kali Linux. 8 8
It's a Linux distro based on Debian 9 9
and the only difference between Kali 10 10
and the actual original Debian Linux distro 11 11
is the fact that Kali has a lot of hacking 12 12
and penetration testing tools pre-installed 13 13
and pre-configured in it. 14 14
Therefore, once you install Kali, 15 15
you will have access to so many hacking tools 16 16
without the need to install or configure any of them, 17 17
which will save you a lot of time and a lot of effort. 18 18
Now, just like any other operating system, 19 19
you can install it as a main machine 20 20
or as a virtual machine. 21 21
Now, I'm going to install it as a virtual machine 22 22
because like I explained in the previous lecture, 23 23
we will not lose any functionality 24 24
by using operating systems as virtual machines 25 25
and it comes with a lot of benefits 26 26
because it's completely isolated 27 27
from our computer that we always use, 28 28
so if we break the virtual machine 29 29
or if we want to delete it and reset it, 30 30
it will not affect our main operating system. 31 31
Now, as mentioned in the previous lecture, 32 32
before creating and using virtual machines, 33 33
you will have to install VirtualBox 34 34
and I showed you how to install it on Windows, 35 35
Linux and OSX. 36 36
So once you have VirtualBox installed, 37 37
you can go ahead and follow the steps 38 38
that I'm gonna show you right now 39 39
to install Kali Linux. 40 40
Now, keep in mind, I'm doing these steps 41 41
from an OSX computer 42 42
but you can follow the exact same steps 43 43
on any operating system you have, 44 44
whether you have Linux or Windows 45 45
as long as you have installed VirtualBox 46 46
on your system as shown in the previous lecture. 47 47
Now, the first thing that you wanna do 48 48
is download the VirtualBox image of Kali Linux. 49 49
So you can download it from the resources of this lecture. 50 50
To access the resources of the current lecture, 51 51
we're gonna scroll down to the lecture. 52 52
We're gonna click on the Resources icon 53 53
and then we're gonna click on the resource that we want. 54 54
And in this case, we want the Kali 2020 Download Page. 55 55
So we're gonna click on it. 56 56
Now, before going ahead with this, 57 57
I want to highlight something 58 58
that is very, very, very important. 59 59
So please pay attention. 60 60
This is a custom Kali image that I made for my courses. 61 61
It is smoother and faster than the original one. 62 62
It fixes a number of bugs 63 63
and it contains a number of extra programs 64 64
that we need for this course 65 65
and are not included in the original release. 66 66
So you do not have to use this custom image, 67 67
you can use the original one. 68 68
You can even use just a normal Linux distribution, 69 69
as long as you know how to manually install all 70 70
of the missing programs 71 71
and apply the fixes that I did myself. 72 72
And you can see a full list of them here on the left. 73 73
Therefore, if you ask us a question in the Q&A section 74 74
and you're not using the custom image, 75 75
the first thing that we will ask you 76 76
is to use the custom Kali image that we made for you 77 77
because we know the original one is broken 78 78
and we will not know the changes you made 79 79
in order to fix it. 80 80
So if you have a 64-bit computer, 81 81
download it from one of these links. 82 82
Or if you have a 32-bit computer, 83 83
then download the 32-bits version from here. 84 84
Now, this is a big operating system. 85 85
So I've actually already downloaded this 86 86
before recording this lecture 87 87
and I already have it right here. 88 88
So as you can see, you should get a file 89 89
with a .ova extension. 90 90
So we have the file name, followed by .ova. 91 91
To import this in VirtualBox, 92 92
all we have to do is literally double click the file. 93 93
As you can see, this'll automatically run the file 94 94
in VirtualBox and you'll get a window 95 95
which you can use to modify the settings 96 96
of this virtual machine. 97 97
For now, I'm gonna keep everything the same 98 98
and I'm just gonna click on Import. 99 99
Give it some time. 100 100
And as you can see now, 101 101
this is imported into my VirtualBox 102 102
and we can go ahead and try to start it 103 103
but before doing that, 104 104
I want to modify some settings. 105 105
So we're gonna click on the virtual machine 106 106
that we want to modify its settings, 107 107
which is Kali Linux in this case. 108 108
And then, I'm gonna click on the Settings icon. 109 109
Now, depending on the host operating system 110 110
that you're using, 111 111
the layout of the Settings menu in here 112 112
might be slightly different 113 113
but using it is exactly the same. 114 114
So make sure you follow the steps 115 115
that I'm gonna show you right now 116 116
and it should work on all operating systems, 117 117
whether you're using Windows, Linux or OSX. 118 118
So the first thing that I wanna modify 119 119
is the system settings. 120 120
So I'm gonna click on System 121 121
and in here, you can first of all, 122 122
modify the amount of RAM or memory 123 123
that will be allocated for the virtual machine. 124 124
Now, depending on how much RAM you have in total, 125 125
you can give this more or less. 126 126
Two gigabyte is enough. 127 127
You can get away with one gigabyte 128 128
but it might be a little bit slow. 129 129
So I'm gonna leave it at two. 130 130
I have 16 gigs, 131 131
so two will not cause any pressure 132 132
on my host operating system. 133 133
Next, I'm gonna click on the Processors 134 134
and as you can see, by default it's only given two cores. 135 135
Again, you can give it more or less. 136 136
You can get away with one core. 137 137
It'll be too slow, two is good enough. 138 138
The more, the better. 139 139
Again, it all depends on how much resources you have 140 140
and can afford to give to virtual machines. 141 141
I have eight CPUs. 142 142
So giving it two will not put too much pressure 143 143
on my operating system. 144 144
Next, I'm gonna go to the Network Settings 145 145
and I'm gonna set this to use a NAT network. 146 146
Now, sometimes when you select a NAT network, 147 147
you will not see a network name in here. 148 148
If you don't, then don't worry about it, 149 149
this is a common issue 150 150
and I have the solution for you 151 151
in the resources of this lecture. 152 152
Just click on it, follow it 153 153
and you'll see how to fix this issue. 154 154
Now, for me, as you can see, 155 155
I already have a NAT network in here. 156 156
So I'm gonna keep it on this one. 157 157
And this setting will basically create a virtual network 158 158
where my host machine, 159 159
which is my Mac OSX computer 160 160
is going to be the router for this network 161 161
and then all the virtual machines 162 162
are going to be clients connected to this network. 163 163
So they're going to get internet connection 164 164
from my host machine. 165 165
And at the same time, all of my virtual machines 166 166
will be connected to the same virtual network. 167 167
This is very handy because my virtual machines 168 168
will be able to communicate with each other 169 169
and therefore, will be able to use the Kali machine 170 170
to hack into the others, 171 171
we'll be able to test network attacks 172 172
and do much more. 173 173
So this setting will first allow my virtual machines 174 174
to have internet connection 175 175
and it will also allow them 176 176
to communicate with each other 177 177
through this virtual NAT network. 178 178
Now, this virtual network will rely 179 179
on the connection of your host computer. 180 180
So it will not need any extra interfaces, 181 181
it will not need any extra adapters 182 182
and as far as the virtual machines are concerned, 183 183
they are connected to an ethernet network 184 184
but in reality, they are connected 185 185
through the host machine. 186 186
Now, if you're on VirtualBox 6 187 187
and have a screen with high resolution, 188 188
you'll need to go to Display 189 189
and set the scale factor to 200%. 190 190
Otherwise, the virtual machine's screen will be too small 191 191
but only do this if you have a screen with a high resolution 192 192
and if you're using VirtualBox 6. 193 193
Otherwise, do not modify this option. 194 194
Now, I'm done here, so I'm gonna click on OK. 195 195
And we can start the virtual machine 196 196
like any other virtual machine. 197 197
We're just gonna click it and then click on Start. 198 198
Now, if you followed everything that I did so far 199 199
and faced a black screen or got an error, 200 200
please check out the links in the resources 201 201
of this lecture as they cover the most common issues 202 202
that you could face when starting Kali. 203 203
If you got an issue that is not covered there, 204 204
don't worry, please ask us in the Q&A section 205 205
and we will respond to you within 15 hours 206 206
and help you fix this issue. 207 207
Now, I'm gonna click inside the virtual machine 208 208
and hit Enter. 209 209
And as you can see, we have the login screen for Kali Linux. 210 210
So right now, it's asking me for the username 211 211
and the default username is root. 212 212
R-O-O-T. 213 213
I'm gonna hit Enter and then it's asking us 214 214
for the password, which is the reverse of the username. 215 215
So it is T-O-O-R. 216 216
Hit Enter and that's it. 217 217
Now we're inside the virtual installation of Kali Linux. 218 218
Now, don't worry 219 219
about how this operating system looks different 220 220
and if you don't know how to use it. 221 221
We will cover all of that 222 222
and we'll cover its basics as we go through the course. 223 223
But for now, if you just look at the top right in here, 224 224
you'll see that this virtual machine thinks 225 225
that it is connected using a wire. 226 226
So you can see Wired Connected. 227 227
So Kali thinks that it is connected 228 228
to an ethernet network and that's because like I said, 229 229
we set it to use a NAT network. 230 230
So if I just go to my web browser, 231 231
as you can see, we have internet access in Kali Linux 232 232
and this is provided from the host computer. 233 233
So Kali is connected to the internet 234 234
through the host computer 235 235
and as far as Kali is concerned, 236 236
the host computer is a router 237 237
and it is connected to this router 238 238
through an ethernet cable. 239 239
If Kali feels a little bit too slow or laggy, 240 240
please give it a few minutes 241 241
if this is the first time you're on it 242 242
because when you start it for the first time, 243 243
it'll automatically check for updates. 244 244
Once this process is done, 245 245
the system will start running a little bit smoother. 246 246
Also, it goes without saying, 247 247
if your computer is not powerful enough, 248 248
then close any unused applications 249 249
before starting Kali to free up resources. 250 250
But as you'll see throughout the course, 251 251
two gigabytes of RAM and two CPUs 252 252
are enough to run Kali smoothly.