1 1 00:00:00,440 --> 00:00:01,500 Throughout the course, 2 2 00:00:01,500 --> 00:00:04,308 we're going to use a number of hacking tools. 3 3 00:00:04,308 --> 00:00:08,070 You can install each of these tools manually 4 4 00:00:08,070 --> 00:00:10,770 or you can do what most hackers do, 5 5 00:00:10,770 --> 00:00:13,010 including myself, and save time 6 6 00:00:13,010 --> 00:00:17,373 and effort and use an operating system designed for hacking. 7 7 00:00:18,250 --> 00:00:21,910 We're going to use an operating system called Kali Linux. 8 8 00:00:21,910 --> 00:00:24,900 It's a Linux distro based on Debian 9 9 00:00:24,900 --> 00:00:27,230 and the only difference between Kali 10 10 00:00:27,230 --> 00:00:30,680 and the actual original Debian Linux distro 11 11 00:00:30,680 --> 00:00:34,030 is the fact that Kali has a lot of hacking 12 12 00:00:34,030 --> 00:00:37,040 and penetration testing tools pre-installed 13 13 00:00:37,040 --> 00:00:39,230 and pre-configured in it. 14 14 00:00:39,230 --> 00:00:41,650 Therefore, once you install Kali, 15 15 00:00:41,650 --> 00:00:44,930 you will have access to so many hacking tools 16 16 00:00:44,930 --> 00:00:48,290 without the need to install or configure any of them, 17 17 00:00:48,290 --> 00:00:52,100 which will save you a lot of time and a lot of effort. 18 18 00:00:52,100 --> 00:00:54,440 Now, just like any other operating system, 19 19 00:00:54,440 --> 00:00:56,720 you can install it as a main machine 20 20 00:00:56,720 --> 00:00:59,530 or as a virtual machine. 21 21 00:00:59,530 --> 00:01:02,380 Now, I'm going to install it as a virtual machine 22 22 00:01:02,380 --> 00:01:05,088 because like I explained in the previous lecture, 23 23 00:01:05,088 --> 00:01:07,690 we will not lose any functionality 24 24 00:01:07,690 --> 00:01:10,920 by using operating systems as virtual machines 25 25 00:01:10,920 --> 00:01:13,170 and it comes with a lot of benefits 26 26 00:01:13,170 --> 00:01:15,250 because it's completely isolated 27 27 00:01:15,250 --> 00:01:17,690 from our computer that we always use, 28 28 00:01:17,690 --> 00:01:19,570 so if we break the virtual machine 29 29 00:01:19,570 --> 00:01:21,900 or if we want to delete it and reset it, 30 30 00:01:21,900 --> 00:01:25,023 it will not affect our main operating system. 31 31 00:01:26,230 --> 00:01:28,640 Now, as mentioned in the previous lecture, 32 32 00:01:28,640 --> 00:01:31,240 before creating and using virtual machines, 33 33 00:01:31,240 --> 00:01:33,100 you will have to install VirtualBox 34 34 00:01:33,100 --> 00:01:35,210 and I showed you how to install it on Windows, 35 35 00:01:35,210 --> 00:01:37,120 Linux and OSX. 36 36 00:01:37,120 --> 00:01:39,280 So once you have VirtualBox installed, 37 37 00:01:39,280 --> 00:01:41,250 you can go ahead and follow the steps 38 38 00:01:41,250 --> 00:01:42,970 that I'm gonna show you right now 39 39 00:01:42,970 --> 00:01:44,830 to install Kali Linux. 40 40 00:01:44,830 --> 00:01:46,730 Now, keep in mind, I'm doing these steps 41 41 00:01:46,730 --> 00:01:48,970 from an OSX computer 42 42 00:01:48,970 --> 00:01:51,800 but you can follow the exact same steps 43 43 00:01:51,800 --> 00:01:53,890 on any operating system you have, 44 44 00:01:53,890 --> 00:01:56,170 whether you have Linux or Windows 45 45 00:01:56,170 --> 00:01:58,530 as long as you have installed VirtualBox 46 46 00:01:58,530 --> 00:02:01,343 on your system as shown in the previous lecture. 47 47 00:02:02,560 --> 00:02:04,130 Now, the first thing that you wanna do 48 48 00:02:04,130 --> 00:02:07,460 is download the VirtualBox image of Kali Linux. 49 49 00:02:07,460 --> 00:02:10,837 So you can download it from the resources of this lecture. 50 50 00:02:10,837 --> 00:02:14,160 To access the resources of the current lecture, 51 51 00:02:14,160 --> 00:02:16,660 we're gonna scroll down to the lecture. 52 52 00:02:16,660 --> 00:02:19,680 We're gonna click on the Resources icon 53 53 00:02:19,680 --> 00:02:22,950 and then we're gonna click on the resource that we want. 54 54 00:02:22,950 --> 00:02:27,150 And in this case, we want the Kali 2020 Download Page. 55 55 00:02:27,150 --> 00:02:28,533 So we're gonna click on it. 56 56 00:02:30,270 --> 00:02:32,740 Now, before going ahead with this, 57 57 00:02:32,740 --> 00:02:34,590 I want to highlight something 58 58 00:02:34,590 --> 00:02:37,220 that is very, very, very important. 59 59 00:02:37,220 --> 00:02:39,130 So please pay attention. 60 60 00:02:39,130 --> 00:02:44,130 This is a custom Kali image that I made for my courses. 61 61 00:02:44,390 --> 00:02:47,680 It is smoother and faster than the original one. 62 62 00:02:47,680 --> 00:02:50,040 It fixes a number of bugs 63 63 00:02:50,040 --> 00:02:53,470 and it contains a number of extra programs 64 64 00:02:53,470 --> 00:02:55,310 that we need for this course 65 65 00:02:55,310 --> 00:02:58,893 and are not included in the original release. 66 66 00:03:00,090 --> 00:03:03,820 So you do not have to use this custom image, 67 67 00:03:03,820 --> 00:03:06,210 you can use the original one. 68 68 00:03:06,210 --> 00:03:10,080 You can even use just a normal Linux distribution, 69 69 00:03:10,080 --> 00:03:13,890 as long as you know how to manually install all 70 70 00:03:13,890 --> 00:03:15,350 of the missing programs 71 71 00:03:15,350 --> 00:03:18,770 and apply the fixes that I did myself. 72 72 00:03:18,770 --> 00:03:22,133 And you can see a full list of them here on the left. 73 73 00:03:23,690 --> 00:03:27,670 Therefore, if you ask us a question in the Q&A section 74 74 00:03:27,670 --> 00:03:29,920 and you're not using the custom image, 75 75 00:03:29,920 --> 00:03:32,000 the first thing that we will ask you 76 76 00:03:32,000 --> 00:03:35,890 is to use the custom Kali image that we made for you 77 77 00:03:35,890 --> 00:03:38,930 because we know the original one is broken 78 78 00:03:38,930 --> 00:03:41,780 and we will not know the changes you made 79 79 00:03:41,780 --> 00:03:43,940 in order to fix it. 80 80 00:03:43,940 --> 00:03:46,550 So if you have a 64-bit computer, 81 81 00:03:46,550 --> 00:03:49,130 download it from one of these links. 82 82 00:03:49,130 --> 00:03:51,830 Or if you have a 32-bit computer, 83 83 00:03:51,830 --> 00:03:55,770 then download the 32-bits version from here. 84 84 00:03:55,770 --> 00:03:58,450 Now, this is a big operating system. 85 85 00:03:58,450 --> 00:04:00,820 So I've actually already downloaded this 86 86 00:04:00,820 --> 00:04:02,580 before recording this lecture 87 87 00:04:02,580 --> 00:04:04,463 and I already have it right here. 88 88 00:04:06,090 --> 00:04:08,360 So as you can see, you should get a file 89 89 00:04:08,360 --> 00:04:11,120 with a .ova extension. 90 90 00:04:11,120 --> 00:04:14,003 So we have the file name, followed by .ova. 91 91 00:04:15,050 --> 00:04:17,170 To import this in VirtualBox, 92 92 00:04:17,170 --> 00:04:20,423 all we have to do is literally double click the file. 93 93 00:04:21,270 --> 00:04:24,170 As you can see, this'll automatically run the file 94 94 00:04:24,170 --> 00:04:26,470 in VirtualBox and you'll get a window 95 95 00:04:26,470 --> 00:04:28,700 which you can use to modify the settings 96 96 00:04:28,700 --> 00:04:30,380 of this virtual machine. 97 97 00:04:30,380 --> 00:04:32,630 For now, I'm gonna keep everything the same 98 98 00:04:32,630 --> 00:04:35,470 and I'm just gonna click on Import. 99 99 00:04:35,470 --> 00:04:36,711 Give it some time. 100 100 00:04:36,711 --> 00:04:38,940 And as you can see now, 101 101 00:04:38,940 --> 00:04:42,270 this is imported into my VirtualBox 102 102 00:04:42,270 --> 00:04:44,830 and we can go ahead and try to start it 103 103 00:04:44,830 --> 00:04:46,230 but before doing that, 104 104 00:04:46,230 --> 00:04:48,840 I want to modify some settings. 105 105 00:04:48,840 --> 00:04:51,010 So we're gonna click on the virtual machine 106 106 00:04:51,010 --> 00:04:52,890 that we want to modify its settings, 107 107 00:04:52,890 --> 00:04:55,140 which is Kali Linux in this case. 108 108 00:04:55,140 --> 00:04:57,603 And then, I'm gonna click on the Settings icon. 109 109 00:04:58,540 --> 00:05:00,970 Now, depending on the host operating system 110 110 00:05:00,970 --> 00:05:02,140 that you're using, 111 111 00:05:02,140 --> 00:05:04,780 the layout of the Settings menu in here 112 112 00:05:04,780 --> 00:05:06,660 might be slightly different 113 113 00:05:06,660 --> 00:05:09,550 but using it is exactly the same. 114 114 00:05:09,550 --> 00:05:11,270 So make sure you follow the steps 115 115 00:05:11,270 --> 00:05:13,070 that I'm gonna show you right now 116 116 00:05:13,070 --> 00:05:15,740 and it should work on all operating systems, 117 117 00:05:15,740 --> 00:05:19,570 whether you're using Windows, Linux or OSX. 118 118 00:05:19,570 --> 00:05:22,030 So the first thing that I wanna modify 119 119 00:05:22,030 --> 00:05:23,560 is the system settings. 120 120 00:05:23,560 --> 00:05:24,957 So I'm gonna click on System 121 121 00:05:24,957 --> 00:05:27,480 and in here, you can first of all, 122 122 00:05:27,480 --> 00:05:29,970 modify the amount of RAM or memory 123 123 00:05:29,970 --> 00:05:34,220 that will be allocated for the virtual machine. 124 124 00:05:34,220 --> 00:05:36,900 Now, depending on how much RAM you have in total, 125 125 00:05:36,900 --> 00:05:38,950 you can give this more or less. 126 126 00:05:38,950 --> 00:05:40,810 Two gigabyte is enough. 127 127 00:05:40,810 --> 00:05:42,640 You can get away with one gigabyte 128 128 00:05:42,640 --> 00:05:44,160 but it might be a little bit slow. 129 129 00:05:44,160 --> 00:05:45,890 So I'm gonna leave it at two. 130 130 00:05:45,890 --> 00:05:47,220 I have 16 gigs, 131 131 00:05:47,220 --> 00:05:49,850 so two will not cause any pressure 132 132 00:05:49,850 --> 00:05:51,853 on my host operating system. 133 133 00:05:52,870 --> 00:05:55,270 Next, I'm gonna click on the Processors 134 134 00:05:55,270 --> 00:05:58,660 and as you can see, by default it's only given two cores. 135 135 00:05:58,660 --> 00:06:00,680 Again, you can give it more or less. 136 136 00:06:00,680 --> 00:06:02,220 You can get away with one core. 137 137 00:06:02,220 --> 00:06:04,900 It'll be too slow, two is good enough. 138 138 00:06:04,900 --> 00:06:06,010 The more, the better. 139 139 00:06:06,010 --> 00:06:09,180 Again, it all depends on how much resources you have 140 140 00:06:09,180 --> 00:06:11,960 and can afford to give to virtual machines. 141 141 00:06:11,960 --> 00:06:13,900 I have eight CPUs. 142 142 00:06:13,900 --> 00:06:16,670 So giving it two will not put too much pressure 143 143 00:06:16,670 --> 00:06:18,193 on my operating system. 144 144 00:06:19,701 --> 00:06:22,150 Next, I'm gonna go to the Network Settings 145 145 00:06:22,150 --> 00:06:25,301 and I'm gonna set this to use a NAT network. 146 146 00:06:25,301 --> 00:06:28,390 Now, sometimes when you select a NAT network, 147 147 00:06:28,390 --> 00:06:31,210 you will not see a network name in here. 148 148 00:06:31,210 --> 00:06:33,530 If you don't, then don't worry about it, 149 149 00:06:33,530 --> 00:06:35,160 this is a common issue 150 150 00:06:35,160 --> 00:06:37,100 and I have the solution for you 151 151 00:06:37,100 --> 00:06:39,000 in the resources of this lecture. 152 152 00:06:39,000 --> 00:06:40,510 Just click on it, follow it 153 153 00:06:40,510 --> 00:06:42,970 and you'll see how to fix this issue. 154 154 00:06:42,970 --> 00:06:44,410 Now, for me, as you can see, 155 155 00:06:44,410 --> 00:06:46,630 I already have a NAT network in here. 156 156 00:06:46,630 --> 00:06:48,490 So I'm gonna keep it on this one. 157 157 00:06:48,490 --> 00:06:52,510 And this setting will basically create a virtual network 158 158 00:06:52,510 --> 00:06:54,320 where my host machine, 159 159 00:06:54,320 --> 00:06:56,960 which is my Mac OSX computer 160 160 00:06:56,960 --> 00:07:00,060 is going to be the router for this network 161 161 00:07:00,060 --> 00:07:02,310 and then all the virtual machines 162 162 00:07:02,310 --> 00:07:06,020 are going to be clients connected to this network. 163 163 00:07:06,020 --> 00:07:08,290 So they're going to get internet connection 164 164 00:07:08,290 --> 00:07:10,580 from my host machine. 165 165 00:07:10,580 --> 00:07:14,020 And at the same time, all of my virtual machines 166 166 00:07:14,020 --> 00:07:18,550 will be connected to the same virtual network. 167 167 00:07:18,550 --> 00:07:21,430 This is very handy because my virtual machines 168 168 00:07:21,430 --> 00:07:23,858 will be able to communicate with each other 169 169 00:07:23,858 --> 00:07:26,950 and therefore, will be able to use the Kali machine 170 170 00:07:26,950 --> 00:07:28,450 to hack into the others, 171 171 00:07:28,450 --> 00:07:30,760 we'll be able to test network attacks 172 172 00:07:30,760 --> 00:07:32,720 and do much more. 173 173 00:07:32,720 --> 00:07:35,250 So this setting will first allow my virtual machines 174 174 00:07:35,250 --> 00:07:36,830 to have internet connection 175 175 00:07:36,830 --> 00:07:38,290 and it will also allow them 176 176 00:07:38,290 --> 00:07:40,100 to communicate with each other 177 177 00:07:40,100 --> 00:07:43,280 through this virtual NAT network. 178 178 00:07:43,280 --> 00:07:45,588 Now, this virtual network will rely 179 179 00:07:45,588 --> 00:07:48,920 on the connection of your host computer. 180 180 00:07:48,920 --> 00:07:51,610 So it will not need any extra interfaces, 181 181 00:07:51,610 --> 00:07:53,870 it will not need any extra adapters 182 182 00:07:53,870 --> 00:07:57,180 and as far as the virtual machines are concerned, 183 183 00:07:57,180 --> 00:08:00,360 they are connected to an ethernet network 184 184 00:08:00,360 --> 00:08:02,870 but in reality, they are connected 185 185 00:08:02,870 --> 00:08:04,483 through the host machine. 186 186 00:08:06,710 --> 00:08:08,810 Now, if you're on VirtualBox 6 187 187 00:08:08,810 --> 00:08:11,130 and have a screen with high resolution, 188 188 00:08:11,130 --> 00:08:13,160 you'll need to go to Display 189 189 00:08:13,160 --> 00:08:17,790 and set the scale factor to 200%. 190 190 00:08:17,790 --> 00:08:21,970 Otherwise, the virtual machine's screen will be too small 191 191 00:08:21,970 --> 00:08:26,250 but only do this if you have a screen with a high resolution 192 192 00:08:26,250 --> 00:08:29,100 and if you're using VirtualBox 6. 193 193 00:08:29,100 --> 00:08:31,603 Otherwise, do not modify this option. 194 194 00:08:32,460 --> 00:08:35,180 Now, I'm done here, so I'm gonna click on OK. 195 195 00:08:35,180 --> 00:08:37,130 And we can start the virtual machine 196 196 00:08:37,130 --> 00:08:39,090 like any other virtual machine. 197 197 00:08:39,090 --> 00:08:41,813 We're just gonna click it and then click on Start. 198 198 00:08:45,650 --> 00:08:48,250 Now, if you followed everything that I did so far 199 199 00:08:48,250 --> 00:08:51,870 and faced a black screen or got an error, 200 200 00:08:51,870 --> 00:08:54,000 please check out the links in the resources 201 201 00:08:54,000 --> 00:08:57,610 of this lecture as they cover the most common issues 202 202 00:08:57,610 --> 00:09:00,360 that you could face when starting Kali. 203 203 00:09:00,360 --> 00:09:03,150 If you got an issue that is not covered there, 204 204 00:09:03,150 --> 00:09:06,070 don't worry, please ask us in the Q&A section 205 205 00:09:06,070 --> 00:09:08,900 and we will respond to you within 15 hours 206 206 00:09:08,900 --> 00:09:10,953 and help you fix this issue. 207 207 00:09:12,360 --> 00:09:14,460 Now, I'm gonna click inside the virtual machine 208 208 00:09:14,460 --> 00:09:15,373 and hit Enter. 209 209 00:09:17,130 --> 00:09:20,493 And as you can see, we have the login screen for Kali Linux. 210 210 00:09:21,430 --> 00:09:23,830 So right now, it's asking me for the username 211 211 00:09:23,830 --> 00:09:26,000 line:15% and the default username is root. 212 212 00:09:26,000 --> 00:09:27,740 line:15% R-O-O-T. 213 213 00:09:27,740 --> 00:09:30,160 line:15% I'm gonna hit Enter and then it's asking us 214 214 00:09:30,160 --> 00:09:33,580 line:15% for the password, which is the reverse of the username. 215 215 00:09:33,580 --> 00:09:36,270 line:15% So it is T-O-O-R. 216 216 00:09:36,270 --> 00:09:38,770 Hit Enter and that's it. 217 217 00:09:38,770 --> 00:09:43,424 Now we're inside the virtual installation of Kali Linux. 218 218 00:09:43,424 --> 00:09:44,670 Now, don't worry 219 219 00:09:44,670 --> 00:09:47,040 about how this operating system looks different 220 220 00:09:47,040 --> 00:09:48,750 and if you don't know how to use it. 221 221 00:09:48,750 --> 00:09:50,270 We will cover all of that 222 222 00:09:50,270 --> 00:09:53,440 and we'll cover its basics as we go through the course. 223 223 00:09:53,440 --> 00:09:56,960 But for now, if you just look at the top right in here, 224 224 00:09:56,960 --> 00:09:59,340 you'll see that this virtual machine thinks 225 225 00:09:59,340 --> 00:10:01,720 that it is connected using a wire. 226 226 00:10:01,720 --> 00:10:03,700 So you can see Wired Connected. 227 227 00:10:03,700 --> 00:10:06,150 So Kali thinks that it is connected 228 228 00:10:06,150 --> 00:10:09,460 to an ethernet network and that's because like I said, 229 229 00:10:09,460 --> 00:10:11,614 we set it to use a NAT network. 230 230 00:10:11,614 --> 00:10:14,733 So if I just go to my web browser, 231 231 00:10:17,960 --> 00:10:21,180 as you can see, we have internet access in Kali Linux 232 232 00:10:21,180 --> 00:10:23,970 and this is provided from the host computer. 233 233 00:10:23,970 --> 00:10:26,660 So Kali is connected to the internet 234 234 00:10:26,660 --> 00:10:28,350 through the host computer 235 235 00:10:28,350 --> 00:10:30,660 and as far as Kali is concerned, 236 236 00:10:30,660 --> 00:10:32,760 the host computer is a router 237 237 00:10:32,760 --> 00:10:34,840 and it is connected to this router 238 238 00:10:34,840 --> 00:10:36,453 through an ethernet cable. 239 239 00:10:37,430 --> 00:10:40,830 If Kali feels a little bit too slow or laggy, 240 240 00:10:40,830 --> 00:10:42,300 please give it a few minutes 241 241 00:10:42,300 --> 00:10:44,370 if this is the first time you're on it 242 242 00:10:44,370 --> 00:10:46,800 because when you start it for the first time, 243 243 00:10:46,800 --> 00:10:50,090 it'll automatically check for updates. 244 244 00:10:50,090 --> 00:10:51,640 Once this process is done, 245 245 00:10:51,640 --> 00:10:55,060 the system will start running a little bit smoother. 246 246 00:10:55,060 --> 00:10:56,850 Also, it goes without saying, 247 247 00:10:56,850 --> 00:10:59,310 if your computer is not powerful enough, 248 248 00:10:59,310 --> 00:11:01,690 then close any unused applications 249 249 00:11:01,690 --> 00:11:05,400 before starting Kali to free up resources. 250 250 00:11:05,400 --> 00:11:07,320 But as you'll see throughout the course, 251 251 00:11:07,320 --> 00:11:09,770 two gigabytes of RAM and two CPUs 252 252 00:11:09,770 --> 00:11:12,223 are enough to run Kali smoothly.