WEBVTT 00:00.960 --> 00:07.260 In the previous lecture, we learned that there is an anonymizing network that we can use in order to 00:07.260 --> 00:09.990 protect our anonymity and privacy. 00:10.110 --> 00:17.130 We learned that it works because it has a number of computers or nodes connected to the network. 00:17.130 --> 00:24.840 And then when we send data through the network, it will bounce over a minimum of three nodes before 00:24.840 --> 00:27.480 it goes to the destination. 00:28.600 --> 00:28.960 Now. 00:28.960 --> 00:37.300 I also mentioned in the previous lecture that Thor allows connected devices to host or to offer services. 00:37.330 --> 00:40.450 Now these services can be a simple website. 00:40.570 --> 00:49.390 And because these websites are connected to Tor, they will benefit from the anonymity that Tor offers, 00:49.450 --> 00:56.170 and therefore they're usually referred to as Tor hidden services or onion services. 00:57.250 --> 01:03.580 So this diagram right here would usually look more like this in real life. 01:03.580 --> 01:09.730 So you'd have some nodes or relays which you can use in order to go to a certain destination on the 01:09.730 --> 01:10.570 Internet. 01:10.570 --> 01:17.350 But at the same time, some of the connected nodes or some of the connected devices are actually acting 01:17.350 --> 01:18.910 as onion services. 01:18.910 --> 01:26.380 So these are similar to normal websites that you see on the Internet, but they exist within the Tor 01:26.380 --> 01:27.130 network. 01:27.820 --> 01:36.730 They also use a really smart protocol developed by Tor, which is designed to hide the identity of the 01:36.750 --> 01:42.880 server, offering the service and the client trying to access the service. 01:43.060 --> 01:52.420 So whenever you try to access a TOR service at any point of time, both the client and the server offering 01:52.420 --> 01:57.910 the service do not know where or who the other party is. 01:59.150 --> 02:06.320 So let's say instead of trying to go to Google.com, you try to go to this onion service right here. 02:06.770 --> 02:10.310 What's going to happen is you're going to connect to the Tor network again. 02:10.310 --> 02:17.570 Connection right here is not encrypted by TOR, but the ISP, like I said, the internet service provider 02:17.570 --> 02:23.720 or any other entity trying to censor your connection, they won't be able to see that you're trying 02:23.720 --> 02:25.690 to access an onion service. 02:25.700 --> 02:29.870 They'll only be able to see that you're connecting to the Tor network. 02:30.410 --> 02:35.600 Then once you're in the network, you're going to bounce your request over a random node. 02:35.600 --> 02:38.030 You're going to go to a second random node. 02:38.090 --> 02:45.350 And finally, instead of going to a third node, then out to the Internet to another website on the 02:45.350 --> 02:51.410 Internet, on the service web, you're going to stay within the Tor network and you're literally just 02:51.410 --> 02:53.480 going to go to your onion service. 02:54.350 --> 03:00.980 Now, whenever you try to communicate or connect to an onion service, the process is actually much 03:00.980 --> 03:04.280 more complex than what's shown in this diagram. 03:04.520 --> 03:13.430 It is done over a really smart protocol that is developed by Tor, so that when you connect to an onion 03:13.430 --> 03:20.810 service, you won't be able to see or get information about the server offering the service. 03:21.170 --> 03:28.280 At the same time, the server offering the onion service or the hidden service will not be able to get 03:28.280 --> 03:34.700 information about you regarding your location or anything that can identify you. 03:35.480 --> 03:42.950 Again, all of this done in order to protect the privacy and anonymity of both the server offering the 03:42.950 --> 03:45.260 service and the user. 03:45.830 --> 03:51.770 Now, in the next lecture, I'm going to show you how to connect to Tor, how to access a hidden service, 03:51.770 --> 03:54.650 and you'll be able to understand this better.