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What's up everybody in this exciting episode we're going to talk about variable's operators and a little

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bit about how computers work.

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Now this is not a theoretical course but I do want you to understand some of the basic principles that

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are happening underneath the hood so you can have a foundation to build upon.

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And of course you're going to want to learn these things at some point in time anyway and dive deeper

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into them.

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So let's go ahead and get started.

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The first thing I want to do is talk about variables so go ahead and pull up in a browser here and we're

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going to say what is a variable in programming.

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Common question popped right up and we're going to do this one right here launch schoolbooks Ruby read

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variables.

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What is a variable.

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Variables are used to store information to be referenced and manipulated in a computer program.

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That's a good definition.

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They also provide a way of labeling data with a descriptive name.

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So our programs can be understood more clearly by the reader and ourselves.

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It is helpful to think of variables as containers as a keyword as containers that hold information.

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Their sole purpose is to label and store data in memory.

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This data can then be used throughout your program.

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OK so they're like a container that can hold data.

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Well what does that even mean.

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Well let's think about what's going on under the hood here and he'll hold my Photoshop here for you.

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Or you go and what does that mean.

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Get my pen.

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So let's say

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you've got your RAM and your computer.

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Ok this is your rim you know.

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You know how when you're like I need to upgrade my RAM my computer needs to go faster.

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You know you've heard somebody say that and you don't really you don't really know what it means or

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you just say it and say well we have more RAM means a faster computer.

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Well what does that even mean.

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You know ram ram What has that to do with variable swell.

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RAM is random access memory random.

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So it means that things are going to be stored and it randomly accessed and retrieved and things will

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be cleared out of it.

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OK so what happens is when you create a variable which you haven't seen yet but when you create a variable

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OK it is representing data that has been stored in a memory location.

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So let's say we've got a number.

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OK.

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Like the number 23.

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OK.

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And I don't know what the binary value of this but a computer is read zeros and ones.

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True or false.

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You know so this is all pretend but you know let's say this was 0 1 0 0 0 1 0.

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Again that's not the right value for that I could look it up online I can do it in my head sorry.

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Anyway so this is kind of hard to remember right.

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Do you do you can remember binary for every single thing that needs to happen in your program.

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Probably not.

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So what happens is we use variables.

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And so we say oh 23.

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Well let's let's say this variable's name is age.

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Age is a lot easier to remember than you know 0 1 0 0 0 0 1 0 right.

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So we give a variable a name and it has a value OK a name.

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So the container the value.

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And this is stored in a memory location somewhere and who knows what that is.

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You know x 1 0.

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You know whatever because some random access memory location in your program stores it in there and

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then when it needs it let's say you have a calculator app OK and you type in a number will stores a

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variable somewhere in your in your app which goes onto your RAM and it's stored there.

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And then when you clear it out maybe it's gone.

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You don't need any more so then it's clear now to your memory.

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OK.

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So when somebody says oh I need to upgrade my computer get more RAM so my programs can run faster.

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What that really means is you may have multiple programs.

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OK.

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Say this is photoshop.

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OK let's say this is X code let's say this is Android studio.

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OK well all of these.

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OK all these programs they need spots in memory.

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So the more memory you have the more variables you can store in the faster they're going to run because

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if you don't have enough what's going to happen is they're going to go in there and they're going to

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go on a waitlist.

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You can't go in until memory is cleared out.

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So it's going to be in a waitlist.

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So if you ever loaded a program and it's like loading and taking forever you're like what's going on.

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Well it could be that you don't have enough RAM and all these programs are trying to save data in your

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random access memory and it can't because there's not enough space.

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OK so a variables a container that has a value of some kind.

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And the container references a point in memory a memory location and it helps us to write readable code

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so we don't have to do things like this so we don't have to understand this kind of stuff because I

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surely can't understand it.

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So that's kind of how computers work with variables and applications they store data.

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They retrieve data but you get to use readable variables appear at the top that will make your life

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much easier than having to remember anything else.

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OK.

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So it's variables in a nutshell and I'm going to close out now.

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So we've talked about variables.

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Well let's show you what a variable actually is.

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Go ahead and open up your X code x go to it and we're going to go ahead and get started with a playground.

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I'm going to call this variable's and let's store this in the folder.

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Oh great new folder called variables and create

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so by default your playground your ex-coach playground will actually give you a variable inheritance

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bar Guevara's short for variable.

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You're telling the program hey this is a variable.

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It's a container that I want to put data in.

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And what's this.

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This is the name we can call this whatever we want.

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There are some things that are aren't allowed.

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We can't put numbers in the front of a variable name.

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OK.

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But you can use words and then number like day 1 you can do things like that.

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But in our case we want to write the word message.

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Variables should always be descriptive.

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They should be descriptive.

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They should tell you what's being stored in there.

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And then we're storing some words and this is called a string specifically when there's two quotes.

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That is called a string.

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And the key term if you're really interested is a string literal.

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This is a string literal that is being created right here on the fly.

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And it says hello playground and the playground is kindly printing this up to the screen for us.

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So this is your very first variable and this is a string so the data type is a string characters words.

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And this is being stored in the variable and then underneath the hood when your program is running this

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will actually even right now.

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This program is running on our Mac and so this is actually being stored.

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This is being stored in the memory on the computer somewhere which is pretty cool.

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I think it's cool.

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And so that's happening for us automatically and maybe you're wondering up here what is import you like

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it.

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Well import means somebody else wrote a lot of code for us.

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In this case Apple There are a lot of code and we're importing it so we can use it.

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So you let's just use the cool features of iOS like views and pop ups and screens and view controllers

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and that's all included here inside of this a bunch of code that they wrote and we're bringing it in.

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It also includes a framework called Foundation which includes Swift which lets us do things like this

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which is pretty cool so that your very first variable will give it a descriptive name.

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We started it off with a keyword specifying var and then we said hello playground variables can be changed.

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OK.

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Areas can be changed.

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Whereas something called a constant cannot say very very well.

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We change as many times as you want though.

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And the other thing is that we didn't cover was this the equal sign.

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This is called an assignment operator and that's the keyword if you want to write that down as the assignment

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operator.

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And what the assignment operator does is it assigns a value from the right hand side into something

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on the left hand side.

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Typically a variable.

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So that means we are taking something over here and we are putting it over here.

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OK.

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The assignment operator.

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So a song about operators for a minute.

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We've talked about variables and how they work.

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Let's talk about operators.

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So there are three types of operators in swift or most languages anyway.

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So

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there are very binary and ternary.

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What does that even mean.

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That is a very good question.

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Ternary operator only works on one target.

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So if you look at this right here OK this is a urinary operator.

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No it's actually a binary because it works on two.

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And look at the keyword or the prefix here.

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By no means two.

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OK so this works on two so this is a binary but what is a urinary.

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Are your urinary works on a single operator.

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And so for instance you can have a variable that's called a boolean So you know am I cool.

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This is a variable called emic cool.

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And we're going to say equals true.

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OK.

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That's pretty cool.

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I'm cool.

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But you know then some new phase or fad comes out and new clothes and I haven't upgraded yet.

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So now I'm uncool.

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Well we can use a urinary prefix operator.

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You can write that down the generic prefix operator and we can say well we can say Am I cool equals

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not am I.

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Cool.

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So the opposite of what I am.

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So right here is this operating on one target or two targets.

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Well it's only operating on one target this one right here.

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So this is a urinary OPERATOR You know you'd like unicycle.

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Ok one.

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So what we're saying here is am I cool that's true.

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We're saying the opposite.

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Not Am I cool so we're saying false.

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And then we're shoving it back into here.

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So now my cool is false.

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I'm no longer cool because some new fad came out.

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You know maybe back in the day like in 2006 when Paris Hilton like put on this big huge aviator sunglasses

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and before that no one had seen those since like the 70s and then all of a sudden every girl on the

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street in the world like within one week had big aviator glasses.

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OK.

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So if you didn't have them you're uncool just like I'm cool here because this new thing came out and

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I didn't adopt it.

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So you're Neriah Hey operates on one target.

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Binary operates on two targets OK a left and right.

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As you can see right there.

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And when you're programming you're not going to use these terms.

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But if you're going for an interview or something like that they may bring these up and ask you to define

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them so it's good to know good stuff to know.

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Actually a ternary operator works on three objects and in swift There are only there's only one ternary

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operator.

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And I'll show you the syntax you'll use.

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As you become a more advanced programmer but let's just show you for sake of completeness.

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Again you don't have to memorize all this this is just an overview.

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So what we can do here is let's see here

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we have another variable called feel good about myself.

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OK.

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Feel good about myself.

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Equals true.

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So that's a variable of type Boolean.

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OK to bully and type which we'll talk about later.

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And we're storing true into this container here this variable.

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So let's do a ternary operator.

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Just for fun.

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OK.

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So feel good about myself.

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Equals and we're going to say Am I cool.

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So if I am cool.

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OK.

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Question mark if I'm cool then feel good.

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All right then.

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True otherwise false.

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That's what we want to do.

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Maybe you're thinking what's going on here.

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This is so confusing and you shouldn't be confused if you're absolutely new to programming.

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Should that make any sense.

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But I'm showing you what a ternary operators with three targets are what this is saying is.

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So right now I feel good about myself right.

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Right.

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But then that new fad comes out and I'm not cool anymore so or doing here's are saying is this true

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or false.

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If this is true.

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OK.

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So that's what we're saying here with the question mark.

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If this is true then let's put True into feel good about myself because then I feel good about myself

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because I am cool.

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OK.

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And if I'm not cool otherwise false or I shove false into here and I no longer feel good about myself

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and I'm a very shallow person.

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So that's a turnaround operator because it works on three targets right here right here and right here.

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Does that make sense.

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Another example is just to show you the ternary operator over time without the true and false.

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Let's say I've got a variable called bank account balance equals let's say 100.

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And then what we'll do is we'll say bank account balance.

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Actually you know what we'll do is we'll save our mess.

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Bank message KTM cash register message cash register message.

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Let's say we want a message.

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We're going to print out to someone who wants to buy something at a store.

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Right.

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Cash register message.

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OK.

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So it's going to equal what we're going to do is we're going to say if a bank account balance is greater

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then greater than or equal to let's say 50 has a bank account balance is greater than or equal to 50.

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And these are logical operators which we haven't covered yet.

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If it's greater than or equal to 50.

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OK what we're going to do is we're going to say you just bought the item otherwise you are broke as

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a joke.

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OK.

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So what we're saying here is we run we run a check here we do a conditional statement.

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If your bank account balance is greater than or equal to 50 maybe this is a pair of shoes you're going

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to buy then here's the question mark.

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I we say you just bought this item so if this is true let's do this.

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Otherwise you are broke as a joke.

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So watch as I turn this item to $150 you're now broke as a joke.

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So this is again a ternary operator OK.

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There's three things happening here.

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One two and three trinary three.

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OK.

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And again this last one ternary.

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You use it less often you will use it though and you don't have to know right now if this is confusing

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at all.

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That's OK.

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This stuff takes time to get down.

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But that's a ternary operator.

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Other operators that will learn about later such as arithmetic operators that's a key word or key phrase

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arithmetic operators such as adding and subtracting and dividing.

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There's also a remainder operator for doing division and then getting the remainder of the result.

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Because division does not give you remainders things like that but we'll talk about that later.

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This was just a synopsis of how variables work what a variable is.

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We talked a little bit about your unary operators binary operators and ternary operators and you learned

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that you can create a container called a what if you said variable.

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That's right.

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And so you create a variable by starting with the Barkey word then you give the container a name message

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and then you can store a value into that.

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You know such as a string This is called a string of characters in words or a boolean true or false

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or a number even.

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You can assign in there using the assignment operator which is a binary operator because it works on

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two targets.

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And again this is a unitary operator because it works on one target.

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So cool stuff here.

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It's fun to learn about these things you should dig more into it go on the Internet and search about

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your operettas binary operators turn or go back to that Google search on what is a variable in programming

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it's important to know these things.

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And I'll always say that over and over again because you want to become a good programmer.

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So that's it for now.

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Mark Price of slopes dot com and we are putting the doors into a brand new world of magic and excite

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you later.