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Have but what's going on this is Caleb with Debb slopes dot com.

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And in this video we're going to be talking about binary.

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Now they say there are only two kinds of people in the world.

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Those who understand binary and those who don't.

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Now if you didn't get that you will understand it by the end of this video.

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And the reason for that is that binary is a system of numerical representation that uses a base two

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system.

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That means there are only two values 0 and 1.

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OK.

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Now we use a decimal number system meaning it's base 10.

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And there are 10 values 0 through 9 and we combine those to make other values of course with place value

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etc. etc. but binary simply has 0 and 1.

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And in the computer world those values represent two off meaning zero and on meaning 1 K.

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This is called boolean logic on or off true or false.

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That's that's how it works.

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That's binary.

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And of course those ons and offs zeros and ones can be combined to perform all kinds of crazy complex

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functions and stuff like that.

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But let's actually begin with an example that's common to all of us.

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The gigabyte right you're probably familiar with the gigabyte.

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Our phones come with a certain amount of gigabytes you know often not anywhere near as much as we would

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like.

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But this video is called Understanding binary So why the heck am I talking about gigabytes.

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I'll get to that.

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But something we need to know ahead of time is that a gigabyte is made up of megabytes 1024 to be exact

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a megabyte is made up of 1024 kilobytes a kilobyte.

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Can you guess it made up of 1024 bytes now.

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A Byte This is where things get a little mixed up.

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A byte is made up of 8 bits.

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Ok keep that in your brain a byte is made of 8 bits and if you cut a byte in half guess what you get.

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You get a nibble.

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Yes.

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Seriously go go look it up you can google it it's called a nibble.

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That's funny funny funny funny.

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All right.

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But that's not going actually help us here.

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So I want to show you an exploded view of one bit.

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OK.

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Now here it is.

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There are eight different channels.

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OK 8 bits right in one bite.

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Like I just said and each slot has a value and we're going to star on the far right side with the value

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one case of the far right channel is worth one then if we go to the next channel over we're going to

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go ahead and up it to two we actually multiply it by two.

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The next channel is going to get multiplied by two as well so it's equal to for the next channel 8 then

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16 then 32 then 64 and finally 128.

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So basically from right to left we are multiplying each channel by two for the next channel.

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Now of course this does continue you can go up to 2:56 than 512 than 10:24 et cetera et cetera.

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But one bit has eight channels.

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OK.

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And each of those channels you can see the values for right here.

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But what are we going to actually put in these channels what are we going to use it for.

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We're going to use binary.

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So we're going to basically put a zero in the channels that we don't care about that we don't want and

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we're going to put a one in the channels that we do care about.

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So here's an example.

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0 1 0 0 1 1 0 1.

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Well that's great.

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But you just said ziran won a bunch of time.

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So what does that supposed to mean for me.

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Well in order to convert binary into a decimal number all we need to do is simply add the values where

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there's a 1 because that means on and off is zero and it means that there is no value.

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So from left to right we can add 64 plus eight plus four plus one.

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And that gets us 77 so this value 0 1 0 0 1 1 0 1 in binary is the same thing as the decimal number

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77.

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That's pretty amazing.

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That's how binary works honestly it's that easy.

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Now if you were to put a one in every single slot 8:1 all the way across and add those up you would

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get 255 and if you've ever done any graphic design work or web development work or any type of development

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that number's probably familiar when working with color R.G. be colored to be exact now.

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RG bead color each channel.

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Red Green Blue can go up to a max of 255 and that's because each pixel has a value stored in one bit.

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Right.

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So Red would be you know maybe 255 unread and maybe 10 on green and 10 on blue it's going to be mostly

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red.

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And each of those pixels is linked to a particular bit in memory.

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That's really cool so that's how it works.

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And that's why it's 255 all those values can be stored in a single bit.

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Pretty amazing.

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Now it's time for a challenge a binary challenge.

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I'm going to give you 20 seconds to convert the following three binary numbers into their decimal counterparts.

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Be ready be prepared.

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You got your notebook you get your pen your keyboard whatever you're going to use maybe your whiteboard

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your chalkboard 20 seconds starting now.

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All

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did you get 19 109 and 238.

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Nice.

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Awesome work if you didn't go back.

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Check it again make sure you did the right thing.

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Make sure that you look at the correlation chart.

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Get it all down make sure you got it down.

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And now we're going to move on.

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So we've covered numbers in the decimal system but what about letters.

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Obviously when we type binary information gets sent into our keyboard.

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But how does that actually turn into a letter.

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Of course typing letters and showing numbers on the screen that's not going to work.

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So what people decided to do was to create something called ASCII see I.

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All right.

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And Aski is essentially a correlation chart from a binary value into a letter.

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So there's a chart a particular binary value is going to be equal to a particular letter.

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Now it could be super duper complicated but it's actually really really easy.

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Basically the ASCII to binary and binary to ASCII conversion chart takes the binary representations

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of the numbers 1 through 26 for each of the letters in our alphabet and it compares that number with

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the place in the alphabet so the value 3 would be the letter C 5 would be e 26 would be Z or Zed depending

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on where you from.

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And so since the highest placeholder in our binary chart that we'll ever have to use is 16 that gets

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you 26.

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That's the highest you're ever going to need.

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Those are going to be stored in those first five channels and the top three channels are going to help

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us know whether or not the letter is capital or lowercase.

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Pretty cool.

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So we're going to store the number value for 1 through 26 then 128 is always going to be zero.

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OK.

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It'll never have a 1 unless you're getting into different characters.

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But we're just talking about letters for now.

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And basically if you want to convert a capital letter you're going to have a one in the Sixty-Four place

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and a 0 in the 32 place for a lowercase letter.

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You have a 1 in both 64 and 32.

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Then after that you basically just read the last five channels and whatever value that ends up converting

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into your number or your letter I guess from 1 through 26 right.

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Based on the place.

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So it's time for a challenge.

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You ready prepared.

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Good to go.

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Here we go you have 30 seconds to convert the following binary word into the ASCII counterpart.

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Are you ready 30 seconds starting now.

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An

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did you get the word code nice if you didn't go back and check should be a capital C lowercase o d e.

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Amazing job.

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So believe it or not this is how binary works.

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Easy is that it's not as intense or scarier.

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You know the matrix like as you might think.

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No fool it's super easy really cool to work with.

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You know thankfully we don't have to actually use binary to program Nowadays we have programming languages

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that get converted into assembly language then machine language and then it gets converted down into

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binary some super super super smart engineers built that all for us which we can be very grateful for.

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So yeah that's binary.

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Let's head over to the next video and let's continue learning.

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This is Caleb with Deb's slopes dot com.